Research Article
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Effect of N–P–K Fertilization on Mineral Content and Fatty Acid Compounds of Corn Seed

Year 2017, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 19 - 22, 31.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.306902

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the major crops around the world. It has been produced for the food industry both as a carbohydrate and oil source in past decades. The purpose of research was to determine the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilization on nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and fatty acid composition of corn seed. The study was carried out as a field experiment, randomized block design, including two different applications: fertilized (250–80–80 kg NPK ha–1) and unfertilized (control). The result of study indicating that fertilized (NPK) significantly affected saturated fatty acid content of seed as compared to control. Under the fertilize conditions lignoceric and arachidic acids were significantly increased, whereas myristic and palmitic acids were decreased. On the other hand, fertilization had no significant changing on unsaturated fatty acid content observed except eicosenoic acid. Moreover, Mn content of seed was decreased, while the other nutrient contents of seed were increased under the fertilized conditions. It could also suggested that further breeding work toward increasing oil content and especially unsaturated fatty acid composition with fertilization programs.


References

  • Abdel-Aal ESM, Hucl P, Sosulski FW (1995) Compositional and Nutritional Characteristics of Spring Einkorn and Spelt Wheats. Cereal Chemistry 72: 621-624.
  • Açıkgöz N, Akbaş ME, Moghaddam A, Özcan K (1994) Turkish Data Based Statistics Programmer for PC. Turkey Field Crops Congress. Ege University Press pp. 264-267.
  • Aguirrezabal L, Martre P, Pereyra-Irujo G, Izquierdo N, Allard V (2009) Management and Breeding Strategies for the Improvement of Grain and Oil Quality. In: Sadras O, Calderini D (eds) Crop physiology. Academic Press, London pp 387-411.
  • Aharoni Y, Nachtomi E, Holstein P, Brosh B, Holzer Z, Nitsan Z (1995) Dietary Effects on Fat Deposition and Fatty Acid Profiles in Muscle and Fat Depots of Friesian Bull Calves. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2712-2720.
  • Ahmad A, Abdin ZM (2000) Effect of Sulphur Application on Lipid, RNA and Fatty Acid Content in Developing Seeds of Rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.). Plant Science 150: 71-76.
  • Alonso PA, Val DL, Shachar-Hill Y (2010) Understanding Fatty Acid Synthesis in Developing Maize Embryos Using Metabolic flux Analysis. Metab Eng. 12:488-497.
  • Anonymous (1987) IUPAC Standard Methods for Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives. seventh ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987. IUPAC Method 2.301; Report of IUPAC Working Group WG 2/87.
  • Anonymous (2017) Corn oil, industrial and retail, all purpose salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016. https://goo.gl/kMY4CE Access date: 11.10.2017
  • Ashraf M, Ali Q, Iqbal Z (2006) Effect Of Nitrogen Application Rate On The Content And Composition Of Oil, Essential Oil And Minerals In Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seeds.
  • Bremner JM (1965) Total Nitrogen, Editor C.A. Black, Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, American Society of Agronomy. Inc. Publisher, Madison Wisconsin, USA, 1149-1178.
  • Duckett SK, Wagner DG, Yates LD, Dolezal HG, May SG (1993) Effects of Time on Feed on Beef Nutrient Composition. J. Anim. Sci. 71:2079-2088.
  • Dunlap, FG, White PJ, Pollak LM, Brumm TJ (1995) Fatty Acid Composition of Oil From Adapted, Elite Corn Breeding Materials. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 72, 981-987.
  • El-Sayed KA, Ross SA, El-Sohly MA, Khalafalla MM, Abdel Halim OB, Ikegami F (2000) Effect of Different Fertilizers on the Amino Acid, Fatty Acid and Essential Oil Composition of Nigella Sativa Seeds. Saudi Pharmaceut J 8:175-182.
  • Goffman FD, Bohme T (2001) Relationship Between Fatty Acid Profile and Vitamin E Content in Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Food. Chem. 49: 4990-4994.
  • Gomez-Becerra HF, Erdem H, Yazici A, Tutus Y, Torun B, Ozturk L, Cakmak I (2010) Grain Concentrations of Protein and Mineral Nutrients in a Large Collection of Spelt Wheat Grown Under Different Environments. Journal of Cereal Science 52; 342-349.
  • Grant CA, Derksen DA, McLaren DL, Irvine RB (2011) Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urease Inhibitor Effects on Canola Seed Quality in a One-Pass Seeding and Fertilizing System. Field Crop Res. 121:201-208.
  • Jackson ML (1958) Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Newyork.
  • Jellum MD, Boswell FC, Young CT (1973) Nitrogen and Boron Effects on Protein and Oil Corn Grain. Agron J 65:330-333.
  • Jellum MD, Marion JE (1966) Factor Affecting Oil Content and Oil Composition of Corn (Zea mays L.) Grain. Crop Sci 6:259-266.
  • Kacar B, İnal A (2008) Bitki Analizleri. Nobel yayıncılık. Yayım No:1241 Fen Bil. 63. ISBN 978-605-395-036-3.
  • Kheir NF, Harb EZ, Moursi HA, El-Gayar SH (1991) Effect of Salinity and Fertilization on Flax Plants (Linum usitatissimum L.). II. Chemical Composition, Bull. Fac. Agric. (Univ. Cairo) 42: 57-70.
  • Mohammadi K, Rokhzadi A (2012) An Integrated Fertilization System of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Production under Different Crop Rotations. Ind Crop Prod. 37: 264-269.
  • Piergiovanni AR, Laghetti G, Perrino P (1996) Characteristics of Meal from Hulled Wheats (Triticum dicoccon Schrank and T. spelta L.): an Evaluation of Selected Accessions. Cereal Chem., 73(6): 732-735.
  • Poneleit CG, Alexander BE (1965) Inheritance of Oleic and Linoleic Acids in Maize. Science, 147: 1585-1586.
  • Rathke G-W, Christen O, Diepenbrock W (2005) Effects of Nitrogen Source and Rate on Productivity and Quality of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Grown in Different Crop Rotations. Field Crops Res. 94:103-113.
  • Reynolds TL, Nemeth MA, Glenn KC, Ridley WP, Astwood JD (2005) Natural variability of metabolites in maize grain: Differences due to genetic background. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:10061–10067.
  • Ruibal-Mendieta NL, Delacroix DL, Mignolet E, Pycke JM, Marques C, Rozenberg R, Petitjean G, Habib-Jiwan JL, Meurens M, Quetin-Leclercq J, Delzenne NM, Larondelle Y (2005) Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as a Source of Bread Making Flours and Bran Naturally Enriched in Oleic Acid and Minerals But Not Phytic Acid. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, 2751-2759.
  • Sawan ZM, Hafez SA, Basyony AE (2001) Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilization and Plant Growth Retardants on Cottonseed, Protein, Oil Yields, and Oil Properties, JAOCS 78: 1087-1092.
  • Scollan ND, Choi N, Kurt E, Fisher AV, Enser M, Wood JD (2001) Manipulating the Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Beef Cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 85:115-124.
  • Weaire PJ, Kekwick RGO (1975) The Fractionation of Fatty Acid Synthetase Activities of Avocado Mesocarp Plastids. Biochem J 146: 439-425.
  • Widstrom NW, Jellum MD (1975) Inheritance of Kernel Fatty Acid Composition among Six Maize Inbreds. Crop Sci. 15: 44-46.
  • Woittiez LS, Wijk MV, Slingerland M, Noordwijk MV, Giller, KE (2017) Yield Gaps in Oil Palm: A Quantitative Review of Contributing Factors. Europ. J. Agronomy 83: 57-77.

N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 19 - 22, 31.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.306902

Abstract

Mısır (Zea mays L.) dünyanın en önemli bitkilerinden biridir. Son yıllarda, mısır gıda endüstrisinde hem karbonhidrat hem de yağ kaynağı olarak üretilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı azot (N), fosfor (P) ve potasyum (K)’ lu gübrelemenin mısır tanesinin besin elementi içeriklerine (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) ve yağ asidi kompozisyonuna etkisini belirlemektir. Tesadüf blokları desenine göre bir tarla denemesi şeklinde yürütülen çalışmada iki farklı uygulama: gübrelenmiş (2508080 kg NPK ha–1) ve gübrelenmemiş (kontrol) bulunmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, NPK gübrelemesi kontrole göre tane doymuş yağ asitleri içeriklerine önemli bir etkide bulunmuştur. Gübreleme koşulları altında, lignoserik ve araşidik asit içerikleri önemli biçimde artmış, miristik ve palmitik asit içerikleri ise azalmıştır. Öte yandan gübrelemenin, özosenoik asit dışında doymamış yağ asidi içeriklerinde önemli bir değişime neden olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca tanenin Mn içeriği azalmış, diğer besin elementi içerikleri ise artmıştır. Bitkilerin yağ içeriğinin ve özellikle doymamış yağ içeriklerinin arttırılması için gelecekteki ıslah çalışmalarına gübreleme programlarının da dahil edilmesi önerilmektedir.


References

  • Abdel-Aal ESM, Hucl P, Sosulski FW (1995) Compositional and Nutritional Characteristics of Spring Einkorn and Spelt Wheats. Cereal Chemistry 72: 621-624.
  • Açıkgöz N, Akbaş ME, Moghaddam A, Özcan K (1994) Turkish Data Based Statistics Programmer for PC. Turkey Field Crops Congress. Ege University Press pp. 264-267.
  • Aguirrezabal L, Martre P, Pereyra-Irujo G, Izquierdo N, Allard V (2009) Management and Breeding Strategies for the Improvement of Grain and Oil Quality. In: Sadras O, Calderini D (eds) Crop physiology. Academic Press, London pp 387-411.
  • Aharoni Y, Nachtomi E, Holstein P, Brosh B, Holzer Z, Nitsan Z (1995) Dietary Effects on Fat Deposition and Fatty Acid Profiles in Muscle and Fat Depots of Friesian Bull Calves. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2712-2720.
  • Ahmad A, Abdin ZM (2000) Effect of Sulphur Application on Lipid, RNA and Fatty Acid Content in Developing Seeds of Rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.). Plant Science 150: 71-76.
  • Alonso PA, Val DL, Shachar-Hill Y (2010) Understanding Fatty Acid Synthesis in Developing Maize Embryos Using Metabolic flux Analysis. Metab Eng. 12:488-497.
  • Anonymous (1987) IUPAC Standard Methods for Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives. seventh ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987. IUPAC Method 2.301; Report of IUPAC Working Group WG 2/87.
  • Anonymous (2017) Corn oil, industrial and retail, all purpose salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016. https://goo.gl/kMY4CE Access date: 11.10.2017
  • Ashraf M, Ali Q, Iqbal Z (2006) Effect Of Nitrogen Application Rate On The Content And Composition Of Oil, Essential Oil And Minerals In Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seeds.
  • Bremner JM (1965) Total Nitrogen, Editor C.A. Black, Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, American Society of Agronomy. Inc. Publisher, Madison Wisconsin, USA, 1149-1178.
  • Duckett SK, Wagner DG, Yates LD, Dolezal HG, May SG (1993) Effects of Time on Feed on Beef Nutrient Composition. J. Anim. Sci. 71:2079-2088.
  • Dunlap, FG, White PJ, Pollak LM, Brumm TJ (1995) Fatty Acid Composition of Oil From Adapted, Elite Corn Breeding Materials. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 72, 981-987.
  • El-Sayed KA, Ross SA, El-Sohly MA, Khalafalla MM, Abdel Halim OB, Ikegami F (2000) Effect of Different Fertilizers on the Amino Acid, Fatty Acid and Essential Oil Composition of Nigella Sativa Seeds. Saudi Pharmaceut J 8:175-182.
  • Goffman FD, Bohme T (2001) Relationship Between Fatty Acid Profile and Vitamin E Content in Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Food. Chem. 49: 4990-4994.
  • Gomez-Becerra HF, Erdem H, Yazici A, Tutus Y, Torun B, Ozturk L, Cakmak I (2010) Grain Concentrations of Protein and Mineral Nutrients in a Large Collection of Spelt Wheat Grown Under Different Environments. Journal of Cereal Science 52; 342-349.
  • Grant CA, Derksen DA, McLaren DL, Irvine RB (2011) Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urease Inhibitor Effects on Canola Seed Quality in a One-Pass Seeding and Fertilizing System. Field Crop Res. 121:201-208.
  • Jackson ML (1958) Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Newyork.
  • Jellum MD, Boswell FC, Young CT (1973) Nitrogen and Boron Effects on Protein and Oil Corn Grain. Agron J 65:330-333.
  • Jellum MD, Marion JE (1966) Factor Affecting Oil Content and Oil Composition of Corn (Zea mays L.) Grain. Crop Sci 6:259-266.
  • Kacar B, İnal A (2008) Bitki Analizleri. Nobel yayıncılık. Yayım No:1241 Fen Bil. 63. ISBN 978-605-395-036-3.
  • Kheir NF, Harb EZ, Moursi HA, El-Gayar SH (1991) Effect of Salinity and Fertilization on Flax Plants (Linum usitatissimum L.). II. Chemical Composition, Bull. Fac. Agric. (Univ. Cairo) 42: 57-70.
  • Mohammadi K, Rokhzadi A (2012) An Integrated Fertilization System of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Production under Different Crop Rotations. Ind Crop Prod. 37: 264-269.
  • Piergiovanni AR, Laghetti G, Perrino P (1996) Characteristics of Meal from Hulled Wheats (Triticum dicoccon Schrank and T. spelta L.): an Evaluation of Selected Accessions. Cereal Chem., 73(6): 732-735.
  • Poneleit CG, Alexander BE (1965) Inheritance of Oleic and Linoleic Acids in Maize. Science, 147: 1585-1586.
  • Rathke G-W, Christen O, Diepenbrock W (2005) Effects of Nitrogen Source and Rate on Productivity and Quality of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Grown in Different Crop Rotations. Field Crops Res. 94:103-113.
  • Reynolds TL, Nemeth MA, Glenn KC, Ridley WP, Astwood JD (2005) Natural variability of metabolites in maize grain: Differences due to genetic background. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:10061–10067.
  • Ruibal-Mendieta NL, Delacroix DL, Mignolet E, Pycke JM, Marques C, Rozenberg R, Petitjean G, Habib-Jiwan JL, Meurens M, Quetin-Leclercq J, Delzenne NM, Larondelle Y (2005) Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as a Source of Bread Making Flours and Bran Naturally Enriched in Oleic Acid and Minerals But Not Phytic Acid. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, 2751-2759.
  • Sawan ZM, Hafez SA, Basyony AE (2001) Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilization and Plant Growth Retardants on Cottonseed, Protein, Oil Yields, and Oil Properties, JAOCS 78: 1087-1092.
  • Scollan ND, Choi N, Kurt E, Fisher AV, Enser M, Wood JD (2001) Manipulating the Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Beef Cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 85:115-124.
  • Weaire PJ, Kekwick RGO (1975) The Fractionation of Fatty Acid Synthetase Activities of Avocado Mesocarp Plastids. Biochem J 146: 439-425.
  • Widstrom NW, Jellum MD (1975) Inheritance of Kernel Fatty Acid Composition among Six Maize Inbreds. Crop Sci. 15: 44-46.
  • Woittiez LS, Wijk MV, Slingerland M, Noordwijk MV, Giller, KE (2017) Yield Gaps in Oil Palm: A Quantitative Review of Contributing Factors. Europ. J. Agronomy 83: 57-77.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research
Authors

Mustafa Ali Kaptan 0000-0001-9532-0717

Yakup Onur Koca 0000-0002-0753-0077

Öner Canavar 0000-0003-4168-953X

Publication Date December 31, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kaptan, M. A., Koca, Y. O., & Canavar, Ö. (2017). N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 19-22. https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.306902
AMA Kaptan MA, Koca YO, Canavar Ö. N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi. ADÜ ZİRAAT DERG. December 2017;14(2):19-22. doi:10.25308/aduziraat.306902
Chicago Kaptan, Mustafa Ali, Yakup Onur Koca, and Öner Canavar. “N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam Ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 14, no. 2 (December 2017): 19-22. https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.306902.
EndNote Kaptan MA, Koca YO, Canavar Ö (December 1, 2017) N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 14 2 19–22.
IEEE M. A. Kaptan, Y. O. Koca, and Ö. Canavar, “N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi”, ADÜ ZİRAAT DERG, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 19–22, 2017, doi: 10.25308/aduziraat.306902.
ISNAD Kaptan, Mustafa Ali et al. “N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam Ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 14/2 (December 2017), 19-22. https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.306902.
JAMA Kaptan MA, Koca YO, Canavar Ö. N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi. ADÜ ZİRAAT DERG. 2017;14:19–22.
MLA Kaptan, Mustafa Ali et al. “N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam Ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 2, 2017, pp. 19-22, doi:10.25308/aduziraat.306902.
Vancouver Kaptan MA, Koca YO, Canavar Ö. N-P-K Gübrelemesinin Mısır Tanesinde Minarel Kapsam ve Yağ Asidi Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi. ADÜ ZİRAAT DERG. 2017;14(2):19-22.