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Effects of different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on growth and quality of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) seedling

Year 2015, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 53 - 59, 23.12.2015

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains on growth and quality of broccoli seedlings. The strains of B. megaterium TV-3D, B. megaterium TV-91C, P. agglomerans RK- 92 and B. megaterium KBA-10 were used in this study. The suspension of bacteria was applied twice into root zone with one-week interval after germination of seeds. The results of the study showed that PGPR treatments increased seedling length, stem diameter, leaf area, and leaf dry matter at ratios of 7.85 %, 42.56 %, 18.12 % and 41.98 %, respectively, compared to the control. Except for Na, the mineral element content was also increased with PGPR treatments. Amino acids in broccoli seedlings were significantly affected with PGPR applications (except for theonine, methionine, phenylalanine and hydoxyproline). Furthermore, organic acids of seedlings were increased with PGPR applications. The highest gibberallik acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were obtained from P. agglomerans RK-92 application. As a result, B. megaterium TV-3D, B. megaterium TV-91C, P. agglomerans RK-92 and B. megaterium KBA-10 applications improved growth and quality of broccoli seedlings by affecting mineral element, amino acid, organic acid and hormone contents.

References

  • Adesemoye AO, Obini M, Ugoji EO (2008) Comparison of plant growth promotion with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis in three vegetables. Brazilian J. Microbiol., 39:423-426.
  • Antoine FR, Wei CI, Littell RC, Marshall MR (1999) HPLC method for analysis of free amino acids in fish using o-phthaldialdehyde precolumn derivatization. J. Agr. Food Chem .47:5100-5107.
  • AOAC (2005) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Editor: Helrich, K, Washington, DC.
  • Aristoy MC, Toldra F (1991) Deproteinization techniques for HPLC amino acid analy-sis in fresh pork muscle and dry-cured ham. J. Agr. Food Chem. 39: 1792-1795.
  • Asghar HN, Zahir ZA, Arshad M, Khaliq A (2002) “Relationship between in vitro production of auxins by rhizobacteria and their growth promoting activities in Brassica juncea. L.”, Bio. Fertil. Soil., 35: 231-237.
  • Bashan Y, Bashan LE (2005) Bacteria. In: Encyclopedia of soils in the environment (Ed: Hillel, D.), Elsevier, Oxford, U.K., Vol. 1., pp.103-115.
  • Battal P, Tileklioğlu B (2001) The effects of different mineral nutrients on the levels of cytokinins in maize (Zea mays L.). Turk. J. Bot. 25: 123–130.
  • Bi J, Li C, Zheng Z, Guo L (2008). Effects of different strains from bacteria manure on growth of cucumber and tomato transplants. Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University (Natural Science), 2, 144 p.
  • Cakmakci R, Kantar F, Şahin F (2001) Effect of N2-fixing bacterial inoculations on yield of sugar beet and barley. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 164: 527-531.
  • Dursun A, Ekinci M, Dönmez MF (2008) Effects of inoculation bacteria on chemical content, yielde and growth in rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa). Asian J. Chem., 20(4): 3197-3202.
  • Dursun A, Ekinci M, Dönmez MF (2010) Effects of foliar application of plant growth promoting bacterium on chemical contents, yield and growth of tomato Lycopersıcon esculentum L.) and cucumber (Cucumıs satıvus L.). Pakistan J. Bot., 42(5): 3349-3356.
  • Ekinci M, Dursun A, Dönmez MF, Eminağaoğlu H (2009) Effects of different inoculation bacteria on yield and growth in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). International Rural Development Symposium, İspir–Erzurum, Turkey, 25-27 September, pp.88-91.
  • Erman M, Kotan R, Çakmakçı R, Çığ F, Karagöz K, Sezen M (2010) Effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate-solubilizing Rhizobacteria isolated from Van Lake Basin on the growth and quality properties in wheat and sugar beet. Turkey IV. Organic Farming Symposium, 28 June - 1 July 2010, Erzurum, Turkey. p: 325-329.
  • Flores P, Hellin P, Fenoll J (2012) Determination of organic acids in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 132: 1049-1054.
  • Gagné S, Dehbi L, Le Quéré D, Cayer F, Morin J, Lemay R, Fournier N (1993) Increase of greenhouse tomato fruit yields by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria PGPR inoculated into the peat-based growing media, Soil Biol. Biochem., 25: 269-272.
  • Garcia LJA, Probanza A, Ramos B, Manero FJG (2003) Effects of three plant growth- promoting rhizobacteris on the growth of transplants of tomato and pepper in two different sterilized and nonsterilized peats. Arch. Agro. and Soil Sci., 49:119-127.
  • Glick BR (1995) The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria, Can. J. Microbiol., 41: 109-117.
  • Gül A, Kıdoğlu F, Tüzel Y, Tüzel HI (2008) Effects of nutrition and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growing in perlite. Spanish J. Agri. Res., 6(3): 422-429.
  • Horgan R, Kramers MR (1979) High-performance liquid chromatogaphy of cytokinins. Journal of Chromatopraphy, 173: 263-270.
  • Ibiene AA, Agogbua JU, Okonko IO, Nwachi GN (2012) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biofertilizer: effect on growth of Lycopersicum esculentus. J. American Sci., 8(2): 318-324.
  • Karlıdağ H, Eşitken A, Turan M, Şahin F (2007) Effects of root inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient element contents of leaves of apple. Sci. Hort., 114:16-20.
  • Khan W, Prithiviraj B, Smith DL (2003) Photosynthetic Responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. J. Plant Physiol. 160: 485-492.
  • Kloepper JW, Ryu CM, Zhang S (2004) Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp. Phytopathology, 94(11): 1259-1266.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N, Martinez-Ochoa N, Rodrı´guez-Ka´bana R, Kloepper JW (2002a) Development of multi-component transplant mixes for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), J. Nematol., 34: 362-369.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N, Vavrina CS, Rosskopf EN, Shelby RA (2002b) Field evaluation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria amended transplant mixes and soil solarization for tomato and pepper production in Florida, Plant Soil, 238: 257-266.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N, Vavrina CS, Reddy MS, Kloepper JW (2003) Amendment of muskmelon and watermelon transplant media with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: effects on disease and nematode resistance, HortTechnology, 13: 476-482.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N (2003) Effects of transplant type and soil fumigant on growth and yield of strawberry in Florida, Plant Soil, 256: 273-280.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N, Kloepper JW, Reddy MS (2006) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as transplant amendments and their effects on indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms, Applied Soil Ecology, 31: 91-100.
  • Koshimizo K, Iwamura H (1986) Cytokinins. Chemistry of Plant Hormones, pp 154-199. Editor: Takahashi, N., CRC Press Inc., Florida.
  • Kotan R, Sahin F, Ala A (2005) Identification and pathogenicity of bacteria isolated from pome fruits trees in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. J. Plant Dis. Protect. 113: 8-13.
  • Kotan R, Mohammadi P, Karagöz K, Dadaşoğlu F, Güneş A, Tozlu E (2014) Determination of broad spectrum bacterial strains which can be used as biopesticides and biofertilizers in agriculture. Turkey V. Plant Ptotection Symposium, 3-5 February 2014, Antalya, Turkey. p: 313.
  • Kumar V, Sharma DR (1989) Effect of exogenous proline on growth and ion content in NaCl stressed and nonstressed cells of mungbean, Vigna radiata var. radiate. Indian J. Exper. Biol., 27: 813-815.
  • Kuraishi S, Tasaki K, Sakurai N, Sadatoku K (1991) Changes in levels of cytokinins in etiolated squash seedlings after illumination. Plant Cell Physiol. 32: 585-591.
  • Mantelin S, Touraine B (2004) Plant growth-promoting bacteria and nitrate availability: impacts on root development and nitrate uptake, Journal of Experimental Botany, 55 (394): 27-34.
  • Marschner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2nd ed. London, UK: Academic Press.
  • Mayak S, Tirosh T, Glick BR (2001) Stimulation of the Growth of Tomato, Pepper and Mung Bean Plants by the Plant GrowthPromoting Bacterium Enterobacter cloacae CAL3, Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 19: 261-274.
  • Mertens D (2005a). Plants preparation of laboratory sample. In: Horwitz W, Latimer GW, editors. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC, pp. 1–2.
  • Mertens D (2005b). Metal in plants and pet foods. In: Horwitz W, Latimer GW, editors. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC, pp. 3–4.
  • Miller LT (1982) Single derivatization method for routine analysis of bacterial whole-cell fatty acid methyl esters, including hydroxy acids. J. Clin. Microbiol., 16: 584-586.
  • Misra M, Kumar U, Misra PK, Prakash V (2010) Efficiency of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for the enhancement of Cicer arietinum L. growth and germination under salinity. Advances in Biological Research, 4(2): 92-96.
  • Morris JW, Doumas P, Morris RO, Zaer JB (1990) Cytokinins in vegetative and reproductive buds of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Plant Physiol., 9: 67-71.
  • Nemec S, Datnoff LE, Strandberg J (1996) Efficacy of biocontrol agents in planting mixes to colonize plant roots and control root diseases of vegetables and citrus, Crop. Protection, 15: 735-742.
  • Ohwaki Y, Hirata H (1992) Differences in carboxylic acid exudation among P-starved le-guminous crops in relation to carboxylic acid contents in plant tissues and phospho-lipid level in roots. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 38: 235-243.
  • Patten CL, Glick BR (2002) Role of Pseudomonas putida Indolaeacetic Acid in development of the host plant root system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68: 3795-3801.
  • Rana U, Rai VK (1996) Modulation of calcium uptake by exogeneous amino acids in Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings. Acta Physiol. Plant, 18: 117-120.
  • Revillas JJ, Rodelas B, Pozo C, Martinez-Toledo MV, Gonzalez LJ (2000) Production of B-group vitamins by two Azotobacter strains with phenolic compounds as sole carbon source under diazotrophic and adiazotrophic conditions, J. Appl. Microbiol., 89: 486-493.
  • Saleem M, Arshad M, Hussain S, Bhatti AS (2007) Perspective of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing ACC deaminase in stress agriculture, J Ind Microbiol Biotechnology, 34: 635-648.
  • SPSS (2010) SPSS Inc. SPSS® 18.0 Base User’s Guide, Prentice Hall.
  • Turan M, Ekinci M, Yildirim E, Güneş A, Karagöz K, Kotan R, Dursun A (2014) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improved growth, nutrient, and hormone content of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) seedlings. Türkish J. Agri. For., 38: 327-333.
  • Vavrina CS (1999a) The Effect of LS213 (Bacillus pumilis) on plant growth promotion and systemic acquired resistance in muskmelon and watermelon transplants and subsequent field performance. Proc. Intl. Symp. Stand Establisment., p.107-111.
  • Vavrina CS (1999b) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria via a transplant plug delivery system in the production of drip irrigated pepper. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, SWFREC Station Report-Veg., 99.6.
  • Walia A, Metha P, Chauhan A (2013) Effect of Bacillus subtilis strain CKT1 as inoculum on growth of tomato transplant under net house conditions. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. India, Sect. B Biol. Sci., 84(1): 145-155.
  • Yildirim E, Donmez MF, Turan M (2008) Use of bioinoculants in ameliorative effect on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants under salinity stress. J. Plant Nutr. 31: 2059-2074.
  • Yildirim E, Turan M, Ekinci M, Dursun A, Cakmakcı R (2011) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ameliorate deleterious effect of salt stress on lettuce. Sci. Res. Essay, 6(20): 4389-4396.

Bazı bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin brokkoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) fide gelişimi ve fide kalitesi üzerine etkileri

Year 2015, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 53 - 59, 23.12.2015

Abstract

Araştırma bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria-PGPR) brokkolide (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) fide gelişimi ve fide kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, Bacillus megaterium TV-3D, Bacillus megaterium TV-91C, Pantoea agglomerans RK- 92 ve Bacillus megaterium KBA-10 bakteri ırkları kullanılmıştır. Uygulamalar brokkoli fidelerine tohum çimlenmesinden sonra süspansiyon şeklinde birer hafta aralıklarla iki kez olacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, PGPR uygulamalarının kontrol uygulamasına göre fide boyunu % 7.85, gövde çapını % 42.56, yaprak alanını % 18.12 yaprak kuru madde miktarını ise % 41.98 oranlarına kadar artırdığı saptanmıştır. Çalışmada, PGPR uygulamalarının fide besin elementi içeriğini Na hariç artırdığı belirlenmiştir. PGPR uygulamalarının brokkoli fidelerinde aminoasit içerikleri üzerine etkileri istatistiksel olarak önemli (treonin, methionin, fenilanin ve hidroksiprolin hariç) bulunmuştur. Fide organik asit içerikleri ise PGPR uygulamalar ile genellikle önemli bir artış göstermiştir. En yüksek giberallik asit (GA), salisilik asit (SA) ve absisik asit (ABA) içeriği P. agglomerans RK-92 uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda kullanılan PGPR uygulamalarının brokkoli fidelerinde mineral madde, aminoasit, organik asit ve hormon içeriklerini etkileyerek fide gelişimi ve kalitesini olumlu etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Adesemoye AO, Obini M, Ugoji EO (2008) Comparison of plant growth promotion with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis in three vegetables. Brazilian J. Microbiol., 39:423-426.
  • Antoine FR, Wei CI, Littell RC, Marshall MR (1999) HPLC method for analysis of free amino acids in fish using o-phthaldialdehyde precolumn derivatization. J. Agr. Food Chem .47:5100-5107.
  • AOAC (2005) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Editor: Helrich, K, Washington, DC.
  • Aristoy MC, Toldra F (1991) Deproteinization techniques for HPLC amino acid analy-sis in fresh pork muscle and dry-cured ham. J. Agr. Food Chem. 39: 1792-1795.
  • Asghar HN, Zahir ZA, Arshad M, Khaliq A (2002) “Relationship between in vitro production of auxins by rhizobacteria and their growth promoting activities in Brassica juncea. L.”, Bio. Fertil. Soil., 35: 231-237.
  • Bashan Y, Bashan LE (2005) Bacteria. In: Encyclopedia of soils in the environment (Ed: Hillel, D.), Elsevier, Oxford, U.K., Vol. 1., pp.103-115.
  • Battal P, Tileklioğlu B (2001) The effects of different mineral nutrients on the levels of cytokinins in maize (Zea mays L.). Turk. J. Bot. 25: 123–130.
  • Bi J, Li C, Zheng Z, Guo L (2008). Effects of different strains from bacteria manure on growth of cucumber and tomato transplants. Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University (Natural Science), 2, 144 p.
  • Cakmakci R, Kantar F, Şahin F (2001) Effect of N2-fixing bacterial inoculations on yield of sugar beet and barley. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 164: 527-531.
  • Dursun A, Ekinci M, Dönmez MF (2008) Effects of inoculation bacteria on chemical content, yielde and growth in rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa). Asian J. Chem., 20(4): 3197-3202.
  • Dursun A, Ekinci M, Dönmez MF (2010) Effects of foliar application of plant growth promoting bacterium on chemical contents, yield and growth of tomato Lycopersıcon esculentum L.) and cucumber (Cucumıs satıvus L.). Pakistan J. Bot., 42(5): 3349-3356.
  • Ekinci M, Dursun A, Dönmez MF, Eminağaoğlu H (2009) Effects of different inoculation bacteria on yield and growth in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). International Rural Development Symposium, İspir–Erzurum, Turkey, 25-27 September, pp.88-91.
  • Erman M, Kotan R, Çakmakçı R, Çığ F, Karagöz K, Sezen M (2010) Effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate-solubilizing Rhizobacteria isolated from Van Lake Basin on the growth and quality properties in wheat and sugar beet. Turkey IV. Organic Farming Symposium, 28 June - 1 July 2010, Erzurum, Turkey. p: 325-329.
  • Flores P, Hellin P, Fenoll J (2012) Determination of organic acids in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 132: 1049-1054.
  • Gagné S, Dehbi L, Le Quéré D, Cayer F, Morin J, Lemay R, Fournier N (1993) Increase of greenhouse tomato fruit yields by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria PGPR inoculated into the peat-based growing media, Soil Biol. Biochem., 25: 269-272.
  • Garcia LJA, Probanza A, Ramos B, Manero FJG (2003) Effects of three plant growth- promoting rhizobacteris on the growth of transplants of tomato and pepper in two different sterilized and nonsterilized peats. Arch. Agro. and Soil Sci., 49:119-127.
  • Glick BR (1995) The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria, Can. J. Microbiol., 41: 109-117.
  • Gül A, Kıdoğlu F, Tüzel Y, Tüzel HI (2008) Effects of nutrition and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growing in perlite. Spanish J. Agri. Res., 6(3): 422-429.
  • Horgan R, Kramers MR (1979) High-performance liquid chromatogaphy of cytokinins. Journal of Chromatopraphy, 173: 263-270.
  • Ibiene AA, Agogbua JU, Okonko IO, Nwachi GN (2012) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biofertilizer: effect on growth of Lycopersicum esculentus. J. American Sci., 8(2): 318-324.
  • Karlıdağ H, Eşitken A, Turan M, Şahin F (2007) Effects of root inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient element contents of leaves of apple. Sci. Hort., 114:16-20.
  • Khan W, Prithiviraj B, Smith DL (2003) Photosynthetic Responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. J. Plant Physiol. 160: 485-492.
  • Kloepper JW, Ryu CM, Zhang S (2004) Induced systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp. Phytopathology, 94(11): 1259-1266.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N, Martinez-Ochoa N, Rodrı´guez-Ka´bana R, Kloepper JW (2002a) Development of multi-component transplant mixes for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), J. Nematol., 34: 362-369.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N, Vavrina CS, Rosskopf EN, Shelby RA (2002b) Field evaluation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria amended transplant mixes and soil solarization for tomato and pepper production in Florida, Plant Soil, 238: 257-266.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N, Vavrina CS, Reddy MS, Kloepper JW (2003) Amendment of muskmelon and watermelon transplant media with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: effects on disease and nematode resistance, HortTechnology, 13: 476-482.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N (2003) Effects of transplant type and soil fumigant on growth and yield of strawberry in Florida, Plant Soil, 256: 273-280.
  • Kokalis-Burelle N, Kloepper JW, Reddy MS (2006) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as transplant amendments and their effects on indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms, Applied Soil Ecology, 31: 91-100.
  • Koshimizo K, Iwamura H (1986) Cytokinins. Chemistry of Plant Hormones, pp 154-199. Editor: Takahashi, N., CRC Press Inc., Florida.
  • Kotan R, Sahin F, Ala A (2005) Identification and pathogenicity of bacteria isolated from pome fruits trees in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. J. Plant Dis. Protect. 113: 8-13.
  • Kotan R, Mohammadi P, Karagöz K, Dadaşoğlu F, Güneş A, Tozlu E (2014) Determination of broad spectrum bacterial strains which can be used as biopesticides and biofertilizers in agriculture. Turkey V. Plant Ptotection Symposium, 3-5 February 2014, Antalya, Turkey. p: 313.
  • Kumar V, Sharma DR (1989) Effect of exogenous proline on growth and ion content in NaCl stressed and nonstressed cells of mungbean, Vigna radiata var. radiate. Indian J. Exper. Biol., 27: 813-815.
  • Kuraishi S, Tasaki K, Sakurai N, Sadatoku K (1991) Changes in levels of cytokinins in etiolated squash seedlings after illumination. Plant Cell Physiol. 32: 585-591.
  • Mantelin S, Touraine B (2004) Plant growth-promoting bacteria and nitrate availability: impacts on root development and nitrate uptake, Journal of Experimental Botany, 55 (394): 27-34.
  • Marschner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2nd ed. London, UK: Academic Press.
  • Mayak S, Tirosh T, Glick BR (2001) Stimulation of the Growth of Tomato, Pepper and Mung Bean Plants by the Plant GrowthPromoting Bacterium Enterobacter cloacae CAL3, Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 19: 261-274.
  • Mertens D (2005a). Plants preparation of laboratory sample. In: Horwitz W, Latimer GW, editors. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC, pp. 1–2.
  • Mertens D (2005b). Metal in plants and pet foods. In: Horwitz W, Latimer GW, editors. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC, pp. 3–4.
  • Miller LT (1982) Single derivatization method for routine analysis of bacterial whole-cell fatty acid methyl esters, including hydroxy acids. J. Clin. Microbiol., 16: 584-586.
  • Misra M, Kumar U, Misra PK, Prakash V (2010) Efficiency of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for the enhancement of Cicer arietinum L. growth and germination under salinity. Advances in Biological Research, 4(2): 92-96.
  • Morris JW, Doumas P, Morris RO, Zaer JB (1990) Cytokinins in vegetative and reproductive buds of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Plant Physiol., 9: 67-71.
  • Nemec S, Datnoff LE, Strandberg J (1996) Efficacy of biocontrol agents in planting mixes to colonize plant roots and control root diseases of vegetables and citrus, Crop. Protection, 15: 735-742.
  • Ohwaki Y, Hirata H (1992) Differences in carboxylic acid exudation among P-starved le-guminous crops in relation to carboxylic acid contents in plant tissues and phospho-lipid level in roots. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 38: 235-243.
  • Patten CL, Glick BR (2002) Role of Pseudomonas putida Indolaeacetic Acid in development of the host plant root system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68: 3795-3801.
  • Rana U, Rai VK (1996) Modulation of calcium uptake by exogeneous amino acids in Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings. Acta Physiol. Plant, 18: 117-120.
  • Revillas JJ, Rodelas B, Pozo C, Martinez-Toledo MV, Gonzalez LJ (2000) Production of B-group vitamins by two Azotobacter strains with phenolic compounds as sole carbon source under diazotrophic and adiazotrophic conditions, J. Appl. Microbiol., 89: 486-493.
  • Saleem M, Arshad M, Hussain S, Bhatti AS (2007) Perspective of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing ACC deaminase in stress agriculture, J Ind Microbiol Biotechnology, 34: 635-648.
  • SPSS (2010) SPSS Inc. SPSS® 18.0 Base User’s Guide, Prentice Hall.
  • Turan M, Ekinci M, Yildirim E, Güneş A, Karagöz K, Kotan R, Dursun A (2014) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improved growth, nutrient, and hormone content of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) seedlings. Türkish J. Agri. For., 38: 327-333.
  • Vavrina CS (1999a) The Effect of LS213 (Bacillus pumilis) on plant growth promotion and systemic acquired resistance in muskmelon and watermelon transplants and subsequent field performance. Proc. Intl. Symp. Stand Establisment., p.107-111.
  • Vavrina CS (1999b) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria via a transplant plug delivery system in the production of drip irrigated pepper. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, SWFREC Station Report-Veg., 99.6.
  • Walia A, Metha P, Chauhan A (2013) Effect of Bacillus subtilis strain CKT1 as inoculum on growth of tomato transplant under net house conditions. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. India, Sect. B Biol. Sci., 84(1): 145-155.
  • Yildirim E, Donmez MF, Turan M (2008) Use of bioinoculants in ameliorative effect on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants under salinity stress. J. Plant Nutr. 31: 2059-2074.
  • Yildirim E, Turan M, Ekinci M, Dursun A, Cakmakcı R (2011) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ameliorate deleterious effect of salt stress on lettuce. Sci. Res. Essay, 6(20): 4389-4396.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Melek Ekici This is me

Ertan Yıldırım

Recep Kotan This is me

Publication Date December 23, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 28 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ekici, M., Yıldırım, E., & Kotan, R. (2015). Bazı bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin brokkoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) fide gelişimi ve fide kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 28(2), 53-59.
AMA Ekici M, Yıldırım E, Kotan R. Bazı bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin brokkoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) fide gelişimi ve fide kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. December 2015;28(2):53-59.
Chicago Ekici, Melek, Ertan Yıldırım, and Recep Kotan. “Bazı Bitki gelişimini teşvik Eden Rizobakterilerin Brokkoli (Brassica Oleraceae L. Var. Italica) Fide gelişimi Ve Fide Kalitesi üzerine Etkileri”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 28, no. 2 (December 2015): 53-59.
EndNote Ekici M, Yıldırım E, Kotan R (December 1, 2015) Bazı bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin brokkoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) fide gelişimi ve fide kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 28 2 53–59.
IEEE M. Ekici, E. Yıldırım, and R. Kotan, “Bazı bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin brokkoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) fide gelişimi ve fide kalitesi üzerine etkileri”, Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 53–59, 2015.
ISNAD Ekici, Melek et al. “Bazı Bitki gelişimini teşvik Eden Rizobakterilerin Brokkoli (Brassica Oleraceae L. Var. Italica) Fide gelişimi Ve Fide Kalitesi üzerine Etkileri”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 28/2 (December 2015), 53-59.
JAMA Ekici M, Yıldırım E, Kotan R. Bazı bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin brokkoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) fide gelişimi ve fide kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2015;28:53–59.
MLA Ekici, Melek et al. “Bazı Bitki gelişimini teşvik Eden Rizobakterilerin Brokkoli (Brassica Oleraceae L. Var. Italica) Fide gelişimi Ve Fide Kalitesi üzerine Etkileri”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol. 28, no. 2, 2015, pp. 53-59.
Vancouver Ekici M, Yıldırım E, Kotan R. Bazı bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin brokkoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) fide gelişimi ve fide kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 2015;28(2):53-9.