Abstract
In order to solve the problems encountered in the culture of medicinal and aromatic plants, to take the research as a whole, to organize these studies and to provide coordination among the working people and institutions, in 1990, National Research Project of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants was initiated by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The main purpose of these studies is to develop the registered varieties by cultivating new plant species for the production of standard and high quality raw materials required by different industries in medicinal, aromatic and dye plants in Turkey. Research institutes located in different regions of Turkey, start by selecting the appropriate type of culture to their ecology, engages in breeding and variety development work. Improvement studies have been made more efficient by integrating with quality studies to determine the active substances in plants. As a result of these studies, 41 cultivars of medicinal and aromatic plants belong to 15 species have been registered till now. The production areas of these species are increasing every year. In 2018, 300.000 tons of medicinal and aromatic plants were produced in approximately 100.000 hectares of land. 50.000 tons of this production was exported and 265 million US dollars of revenue was generated. In the following process, it is aimed to continue the culture, breeding, cultivation and quality studies and to develop new varieties and increase the production and usage areas of these varieties. On the other hand, in order to get more shares from the world herbal medicine market which is expected to reach 5 trillion USD in 2050, it is planned to give priority to the export of processed products instead of raw material export.
References
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Abstract
Tıbbi ve aromatik bitki kültüründe karşılaşılan
sorunları çözmek, araştırmayı bir bütün olarak ele almak, bu çalışmaları
düzenlemek ve çalışan insanlar ve kurumlar arasında koordinasyonu sağlamak
amacıyla 1990 yılında T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı tarafından Tıbbi ve
Aromatik Bitkiler Ulusal Araştırma Projesi başlatılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların
temel amacı, Türkiye'deki tıbbi, aromatik ve boya bitkilerinde farklı
endüstrilerin ihtiyaç duyduğu standart ve kaliteli hammaddelerin üretimi için
yeni bitki türleri yetiştirerek tescilli çeşitlerin geliştirilmesidir.
Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde bulunan araştırma enstitüleri ekolojilerine
uygun kültür bitkilerini seçerek ıslah ve çeşit geliştirme çalışmalarına
yapmaktadırlar. Bitkilerde aktif maddelerin belirlenmesi için kalite
çalışmaları agronomi çalışmaları ile bütünleştirilerek ıslah çalışmaları daha
verimli hale getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda şu ana kadar 15 türe ait 41
çeşit tıbbi ve aromatik bitki çeşidi tescil edilmiştir. Bu türlerin üretim
alanları her yıl artmaktadır. 2018 yılında yaklaşık 100.000 hektar
alanda 300.000 ton şifalı ve aromatik bitki üretilmiştir. Bu üretimin 50.000
tonu ihraç edilmiş ve 265 milyon ABD doları gelir sağlanmıştır. Bundan sonraki
süreçte kültür, ıslah, yetiştirme ve kalite çalışmalarının sürdürülmesi ve yeni
çeşitler geliştirilerek bu çeşitlerin üretim ve kullanım alanlarının
artırılması hedeflenmektedir. Öte yandan, 2050 yılında 5 trilyon ABD dolarına
ulaşması beklenen dünya bitkisel ilaç pazarından daha fazla pay alabilmek için
ham drog ihracatı yerine işlenmiş ürünlerin ihracatına öncelik verilmesi planlanmaktadır.
Keywords
References
- Anonymous. 2000a. Welt in Wandel: Erhaltung und Nachhaltige Nutzun der Biosphaere, Jahresgutachten 1999. Springer. Berlin XXVI+483s.
- Anonymous. 2000b. Medicinal Plants Introduction, Indian System of Medicine and Homoeopathy (ISMH), Department of ISMH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. Available at: http:// indianmedicine.nic.in/html/plants/mimain.htm.
- Anonymous. 2007. Schul-und UND Komplentaermedizin Miteinander statt nebeneinander Dtsch Arztebl. 104 (46) A 3148.
- Anonymous. 2019. Der Internationale Standard für die nachhaltige Wildsammlung von Heilpflanzen (ISSC-MAP). http://www.floraweb.de/map-pro/. 02.03.2019.
- Anonymous. 2019a. TUIK Essential Oil Import values. www.tuik.gov.tr. 14.02.2019.
- Anonymous. 2019b. Milli Çeşit Listesi (Tarla Bitkileri / Field Crops) Tohumluk Tescil ve Sertifikasyon Merkezi Müdürlüğü. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BUGEM/ TTSM/ Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=85.
- Arslan, N. 2004. Cultivation of natural plants. Turkish Agriculture Magazine 155: 26-31.
- Arslan, N. 2014. Our Endemic Medicinal Plants. 2. Medical Aromatic Plants Symposium. Invited Paper. September 23-25 2014. Yalova.
- Arslan, N., B. Gürbüz, and S. Özcan. 2000. Use and trafficking of native plants in Turkey. Ekin D.12: 98-102.
- Baytop, T. 1984. Treatment with plants in Turkey. Istanbul Univ. Faculty of Pharmacy Publications.
- Bhowmik, D., K. P. Sampath Kumar, P. Tripathi, and B. Chiranjib 2009. Traditional herbal medicines: An overview. Archives of Applied Science Research 1: (2) 165-177.
- Brandt, F. S., A. Cazzaniga, and M. Hann. 2011. Cosmeceuticals: Current Trends and market analysis. Seminar in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 30 (3): 141-143.
- Heide, L. 1991. Traditionelle Arzneipflanzen in der Gesundheitsversorgung der Dritten Welt: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 12: 1-8.
- Kathe, W., S. Honnef, and A. Heym. 2003. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania: a study of the collection of and trade of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), relevant legislation and the potential of MAP us efor financing natüre conservation and protected areas. BfN skrioten 91. Bonn, Germany.
- Kendir, G., and A. Güvenç. 2010. Ethnobotany and an overview of the ethnobotanical study conducted in Turkey. Hacettepe Uni. Faculty of Pharmacy 30 (1): 49-80.
- Özhatay, N., M. Koyuncu, S. Atay, and A. Byfıeld. 1997. About Turkey's natural trade of medicinal plants Study, Wildlife Conservation Society, Istanbul.
- Peet, M. 1999. Consumers Expectations and Successful Functional Ingredients, in Functional Foods and Practical and Scientific Considerations of Conducting Food Efficacy Trials to Support Health Claims, International Business Communication (IBC) Library Series, London, UK.
- Schippmann, U., D. J. Leaman, and A. B. Cunningham. 2002. Impact of Cultivation and Gathering of Medicinal Plants on Biodiversity: Global Trends and Issues. Biodiversity and the Ecosystem Approach in Agriculture. Proc. 9 session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Oct. 12–13, 2002. FAO, Rome. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/ fao/005/aa010e/AA010E00.pdf.
- Schippmann, U., D. J. Leaman, and A. B. Cunningham. 2006. A Comparison of Cultivation and Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Under Sustainability Aspects. p. 75–95. In: R.J. Bogers, L.E. Craker, and D. Lange (eds.), Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Proc. Frontis Workshop on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 17-20, April 2005. Nucleus for Strategic Expertise Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen.
- Yedek, K. 2002. Medicinal Plants for Sale in Istanbul, A. Ü. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara.
- Zhang, X. 2001. WHO Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/ Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review Geneva.
- Zhang, X. 2013. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy: 2014-2023. Geneva.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering (Other) |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 20, 2019 |
| Submission Date | July 8, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 29 Issue: 2 |
