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Year 2015, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 184 - 191, 11.03.2015
https://doi.org/10.15832/tbd.03290

Abstract

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) having shorter growing season, better cold tolerant and more drought resistant is important alternative silage plant in highlands. But it has poor silage quality. To improve the quality of sunflower silage can be mixed an appropriate amount of corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This research was carried out to evaluate quality characteristics of nine silage types: Sunflower, corn and alfalfa silages; plus their some mixtures silages (75% sunflower + 25% corn, 50% sunflower + 50% corn, 25% sunflower + 75% corn, 75% sunflower + 25% alfalfa, 50% sunflower + 50% alfalfa and 25% sunflower + 75% alfalfa); at two harvest stages: Beginning of flowering for sunflower and alfalfa and milk-dough stage for corn (early stage), and end of flowering stage for sunflower and alfalfa, and dough stage for corn (late stage). The experimental design was in a factorial arrangement of randomized complete block with replicated four times. Dry matter content (DM), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), silage pH and physical characteristics (PC) of silages were determined in this study. Mixing of alfalfa in NDF, ADF and CP and corn in DM, pH and PC had positively effect in sunflower silages. Late stage had positively affected DM, PC and pH for silage. Consequently, sunflower silages mixed with corn, with the condition of not being less than 50% at late stage, are recommended for farmers

References

  • Akyildiz R (1986). Feed Science and Technology. Ankara University Agriculture Faculty Publications, No: 974, Text Book No: 286, Ankara. pp. 411
  • AOAC (1990). Association of official analytical chemistry. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edn. Vol.1, Washington, D.C
  • Bal M A, Coors J G & Shaver R D (1997). Impact of the maturity of corn for use as silage in the diets of dairy cows on intake,digestion, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 2497-2503
  • Bal M A (2006). Effect of hybrid type, stage of maturity, and fermentation length on whole plant corn silage quality. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 30: 331-336
  • Bremner J M (1996). Nitrogen-total In: Methods of Soil Analysis Part III (Bartels, J.M., and Bigham, J.M., eds.). ASA SSSA Publ. Agron. No: 5 Madison WI, USA, pp. 1085-1121
  • Contreras-Govea F E, Albrecht K A & Muck R E (2006). Spring yield and silage characteristics of kura clover, winter wheat, and in mixtures. Agronomy Journal 98: 781-787
  • Contreras-Govea F E, Muck R E, Armstrong K L & Albrecht K A (2009). Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with climbing beans. Animal Feed Science and Technology 150: 1-8
  • Demirel M, Bolat D, Celik S, Bakici Y & Celik S (2006a). Quality of silages from sunflower harvested at different vegetational stages. JAAR 30: 161-165
  • Demirel M, Bolat D, Celik S, Bakici Y & Tekeli A (2006b). Evaluation of fermentation qualities and digestibilities of silages made from sorghum and sunflower alone and the mixtures of sorghum-sunflower. Journal of Biological Science 6: 926-930
  • Demirel M, Bolat D, Celik S, Bakici Y & Eratak S (2008). Determination of fermentation and digestibility characteristics of corn, sunflower and combination of corn and sunflower silages. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advences 7: 707-711
  • Demirel M, Celik S, Temur C, Güney M & Celik S (2009). Determination of fermentation properties and digestibility characteristics of combination of corn- soybean and corn silages. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8: 711-714
  • De Rezende A V, Evangelista A R, Valeriano A R, Siqueira G R, Vilela H H & Lopes J (2007). Nutritive value of six cultivars of sunflower silages at different cutting ages. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia 31: 896-902
  • Dumlu Z & Tan M (2009). Determination of silage value of some legumes and mixtures in Erzurum conditions. Journal of Ataturk University Agricultural Faculty 40(2): 15-21
  • Guney E, Tan M & Yolcu H (2012). Yield and quality characteristics of some confectionery and oilseed sunflower genotypes for silage in highlands. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 17: 31-34
  • Kilic A (1986). Teaching Silage Feed (Teaching, Education And Practice Recommendations), Bilgehan Printinghouse, Bornova, İzmir
  • Mafakher E, Meskarbashee M, Hassibi P & Mashayekhi M R (2010). Study of chemical composition and quality characteristics of corn, sunflower and corn- sunflower silages. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 5: 175-179
  • Morales J U, Alatorre J A H, Escalante A A, Lopez S B, Vazquez H G & Gomez M O D (2011). Nutritional characteristics of silage and hay of pearl millet at four phenological stages. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 10: 1378-1382
  • Ozduven M L, Koc F, Polat C & Coskuntuna L (2009). The effects of lactic acid bacteria and enzyme mixture ınoculants on fermentation and nutrient digestibility of sunflower silage. Journal of Kafkas University Veterinary Faculty 15: 195-199
  • Peiretti P G & Meineri G (2010). Evolution of chemical composition, nutritive value and fatty acid content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) during the growth cycle. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advences 9: 112-117
  • Souma K, Wang P, Kanda F, Igarashi H & Masuko T (2011). Influences of combination feeding of high moisture low quality grass-dominant mixture silage with corn silage on nutritive value and feed intake in sheep. Grassland Science 57: 18-22
  • Tavlas A, Yolcu H & Tan M (2009). Yields and qualities of some red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes in crop improvement systems as livestock feed. African Journal of Agricultural Research 4: 633-641
  • Van Soest P J (1963). The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for determination of the fiber and lignin. JAOAC 46: 829-835
  • Yolcu H & Tan M (2008). General view to Turkey forage crops cultivation. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi-Journal of Agricultural Science 14: 303-312
  • Zhu Y, Bai C S, Guo X S, Xue Y L & Ataku K (2011). Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with vine peas. Animal Production Science 51: 1117-1122

Nutritive Value of Sunflower Silages Ensiled with Corn or Alfalfa at Different Rate

Year 2015, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 184 - 191, 11.03.2015
https://doi.org/10.15832/tbd.03290

Abstract

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) having shorter growing season, better cold tolerant and more drought resistant is important alternative silage plant in highlands. But it has poor silage quality. To improve the quality of sunflower silage can be mixed an appropriate amount of corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This research was carried
out to evaluate quality characteristics of nine silage types: Sunflower, corn and alfalfa silages; plus their some mixtures silages (75% sunflower + 25% corn, 50% sunflower + 50% corn, 25% sunflower + 75% corn, 75% sunflower + 25% alfalfa, 50% sunflower + 50% alfalfa and 25% sunflower + 75% alfalfa); at two harvest stages: Beginning of flowering for sunflower and alfalfa and milk-dough stage for corn (early stage), and end of flowering stage for sunflower and alfalfa, and dough stage for corn (late stage). The experimental design was in a factorial arrangement of randomized complete block with replicated four times. Dry matter content (DM), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), silage pH and physical characteristics (PC) of silages were determined in this study. Mixing of alfalfa in NDF, ADF and CP and corn in DM, pH and PC had positively effect in sunflower silages. Late stage had positively affected DM, PC and pH for silage. Consequently, sunflower silages mixed with corn, with the condition of not being less than 50% at late stage, are recommended for farmers.
Keywords: Sunflower; Corn; Alfalfa; Mixtures; Silage

References

  • Akyildiz R (1986). Feed Science and Technology. Ankara University Agriculture Faculty Publications, No: 974, Text Book No: 286, Ankara. pp. 411
  • AOAC (1990). Association of official analytical chemistry. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edn. Vol.1, Washington, D.C
  • Bal M A, Coors J G & Shaver R D (1997). Impact of the maturity of corn for use as silage in the diets of dairy cows on intake,digestion, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 2497-2503
  • Bal M A (2006). Effect of hybrid type, stage of maturity, and fermentation length on whole plant corn silage quality. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 30: 331-336
  • Bremner J M (1996). Nitrogen-total In: Methods of Soil Analysis Part III (Bartels, J.M., and Bigham, J.M., eds.). ASA SSSA Publ. Agron. No: 5 Madison WI, USA, pp. 1085-1121
  • Contreras-Govea F E, Albrecht K A & Muck R E (2006). Spring yield and silage characteristics of kura clover, winter wheat, and in mixtures. Agronomy Journal 98: 781-787
  • Contreras-Govea F E, Muck R E, Armstrong K L & Albrecht K A (2009). Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with climbing beans. Animal Feed Science and Technology 150: 1-8
  • Demirel M, Bolat D, Celik S, Bakici Y & Celik S (2006a). Quality of silages from sunflower harvested at different vegetational stages. JAAR 30: 161-165
  • Demirel M, Bolat D, Celik S, Bakici Y & Tekeli A (2006b). Evaluation of fermentation qualities and digestibilities of silages made from sorghum and sunflower alone and the mixtures of sorghum-sunflower. Journal of Biological Science 6: 926-930
  • Demirel M, Bolat D, Celik S, Bakici Y & Eratak S (2008). Determination of fermentation and digestibility characteristics of corn, sunflower and combination of corn and sunflower silages. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advences 7: 707-711
  • Demirel M, Celik S, Temur C, Güney M & Celik S (2009). Determination of fermentation properties and digestibility characteristics of combination of corn- soybean and corn silages. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8: 711-714
  • De Rezende A V, Evangelista A R, Valeriano A R, Siqueira G R, Vilela H H & Lopes J (2007). Nutritive value of six cultivars of sunflower silages at different cutting ages. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia 31: 896-902
  • Dumlu Z & Tan M (2009). Determination of silage value of some legumes and mixtures in Erzurum conditions. Journal of Ataturk University Agricultural Faculty 40(2): 15-21
  • Guney E, Tan M & Yolcu H (2012). Yield and quality characteristics of some confectionery and oilseed sunflower genotypes for silage in highlands. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 17: 31-34
  • Kilic A (1986). Teaching Silage Feed (Teaching, Education And Practice Recommendations), Bilgehan Printinghouse, Bornova, İzmir
  • Mafakher E, Meskarbashee M, Hassibi P & Mashayekhi M R (2010). Study of chemical composition and quality characteristics of corn, sunflower and corn- sunflower silages. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 5: 175-179
  • Morales J U, Alatorre J A H, Escalante A A, Lopez S B, Vazquez H G & Gomez M O D (2011). Nutritional characteristics of silage and hay of pearl millet at four phenological stages. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 10: 1378-1382
  • Ozduven M L, Koc F, Polat C & Coskuntuna L (2009). The effects of lactic acid bacteria and enzyme mixture ınoculants on fermentation and nutrient digestibility of sunflower silage. Journal of Kafkas University Veterinary Faculty 15: 195-199
  • Peiretti P G & Meineri G (2010). Evolution of chemical composition, nutritive value and fatty acid content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) during the growth cycle. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advences 9: 112-117
  • Souma K, Wang P, Kanda F, Igarashi H & Masuko T (2011). Influences of combination feeding of high moisture low quality grass-dominant mixture silage with corn silage on nutritive value and feed intake in sheep. Grassland Science 57: 18-22
  • Tavlas A, Yolcu H & Tan M (2009). Yields and qualities of some red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes in crop improvement systems as livestock feed. African Journal of Agricultural Research 4: 633-641
  • Van Soest P J (1963). The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for determination of the fiber and lignin. JAOAC 46: 829-835
  • Yolcu H & Tan M (2008). General view to Turkey forage crops cultivation. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi-Journal of Agricultural Science 14: 303-312
  • Zhu Y, Bai C S, Guo X S, Xue Y L & Ataku K (2011). Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with vine peas. Animal Production Science 51: 1117-1122
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language en.
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mustafa Tan

Publication Date March 11, 2015
Submission Date February 18, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tan, M. (2015). -. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21(2), 184-191. https://doi.org/10.15832/tbd.03290

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