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Effects of Sage (Salvia Officinalis), Thyme (Thymbra Spicata), Mentha (Menthae Piperitae) Extracts and Vitamin E Supplementation at Different Levels Into Diets of Hens on Performance, Egg Quality and Yolk Tbars Values

Year 2012, Volume: 43 Issue: 1, 49 - 58, 20.02.2013

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sage, thyme, mentha extracts and vitamin E supplementation at different levels into diets of hens on performance egg qualty traits and the contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in yolk and serum. A total of 216 Lohmann white layers, 36 weeks of age, were randomly allocated three tier battery cages, each having 6 replicate cages as subgroups, comprising of four hens. Experimental treatments were applied two factors (4x3) plot design. The first factor consist of sage, thyme, mentha and vitamin E groups, the second factor was three different levels ( ppm 0, 150 and 300) of these plant extracts and vitamin E. While the experimental groups did not affect egg weight, feed conversion rate, shape index, shell tickness, yolk colour, albumen index and Haugh unit, but They increased egg production, shell weight, shell stiffness (P<0.01) and decrased cracked egg rate (P<0.01). Also, extract and vitamin E supplementation increased the content of serum cholesterol compared to level of 0 ppm (P<0.05). The extract and vitamin E supplementation reduced the values of TBARS in egg stored at 21 and 42 days (P<0.01). In conslusion, sage and thyme from aromatic plant extracts used as alternative to antioxidants had possitive effects on some performance and egg quality parameters and can be used instead of vitamin E as preventing lipid oxidation. Also, high level of these extracts (300 ppm) can be used as a hipocholesterolemic agent in layers.

References

  • Akhtar, M.S., Nasir, Z., Abid, A.R., 2003. Effect of feeding powdered Nigella sativa L. seeds on poultry egg production and their suitability for human consumption. Veterinarski Arhiv 73 (3): 181-190.
  • Alçiçek, A., Bozkurt, M., Çabuk, M., 2003. The effect of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in Turkey on broiler performance. South African Journal of Animal Science, 33 (2).
  • Ayd n, R., Bal, M.A., Ozu ur, A.K., Toprak, H.H.C., Kamalak, A., Karaman, M., 2006. Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) supplementation on feed efficiency, Egg yield parameters and shell quality in chickens. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 9(2): 243- 247.
  • Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M., 2008. biological effects of essential oils-a review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46: 446-475.
  • Botsoglou, N.A., Yannakopoulos, A.L., Fletouris, D.J., Tserveni- Goussi, A.S., Fortomaris, P.D., 1997. Effect of dietary thyme on the oxidative stability of egg yolk. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45(10): 3711-3716.
  • Botsoglou, N.A., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Fletouris, D.J., Spais, A.B., 2002. Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. Br.Poult.Sci. 43(2): 223–230.
  • Botsoglou, N.A., Grigoropoulou, S.H., Bostoglou, E., Govaris, A., Papgeorgiou, G., 2003. The efffects of dietary oregano essential oil and -tocopheryl acetate on lipd oxidation in raw and cooked turkey during refrigerated storage. Meat Science. 65: 1193-1200.
  • Botsoglou, N., Florou-Paneri, P., Botsoglou, E., Dotas, V., Giannenas, I., Koidis, A., Mitrakos, P., 2005. The effect of feeding rosemary, oregano, saffron and -tocopheryl acetate on hen performance and oxidative stability of eggs. South African Journal of Animal Science, 35(3): 143-151.
  • Bölükba , .C., Erhan, M.K., Kele , M.S., Koçyi it, R., 2007a. Effect of dietary vitamin E on the performance, plasma and egg yolk vitamin E levels and lipid oxidation of egg in heat stressed layers. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 1(3): 19-23.
  • Bölükba , .C., Erhan, M.K., Kaynar, Ö., 2007b. Effect of dietary thyme oil on laying hens performance, cholesterol ratio of egg yolk and Escherichia coli concentration in feces. 3rd Joint Meeting of the Network of Universities and Research Institutions of Animal Science of the South Eastern European Countries, Thessaloniki, 10-12 February.
  • Bölükba , .C., Kaynar, Ö., Erhan, M.K., Ürü an, H., 2008. The effect of feeding thyme, sage and rosemary oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some proteins ratio of egg yolk and Escherichia Coli count in feces. Arch. Geflugelk. 72 (5): 231-237.
  • Bölükba , .C., Kaynar, Ö., Erhan, M.K., Ürü an, H., 2009. Effect of feeding Nigella sativa oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some proteins ratio of egg yolk and Escherichia Coli count in feces. Arch. Geflugelk. 73 (3): 167-172.
  • Case, G.L., He, L., Mo, H., Elson, C.E., 1995. Introduction of geranyl pyrophosphatase activity by cholesterol-suppressive isoprenoids. Lipids. 30: 357-359.
  • Crowell, P.L., 1999. Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoterpenes. J. Nutr. 129, 775-778.
  • Çabuk, M., Alçiçek, A., Bozkurt, M, mre, N., 2003. Aromatik bitkilerden elde edilen esansiyel ya lar n antimikrobiyal özellikleri ve alternatif yem katk maddesi olarak kullan m imkan . Yem Magazin, Aral k 2003, say :35, 39-41.
  • Çabuk, M., Bozkurt, M., Alçiçek, A. , Çatl , A.U., Ba er, K.H.C., 2006. Effect of a dietary essential oil mixture on performance of laying hens in the summer season. South African Journal of Animal Science, 36 (4): 215-221.
  • Çelik, L., 2007. Kanatl hayvanlar n beslenmesinde verim art sa lay maddeler. Yem Magazin, Mart 2007, say : 47, 51-55.
  • Çetin, T. ve Y ld z, G., 2004. Esansiyel ya lar n alternatif yem katk maddesi olarak kullan Aral k, say : 38. 41-47.
  • Yem Magazin Dergisi,
  • Çetingül, I.S., Bayram, I., Akkaya, A.B., Uyarlar, C., Yard mc , M., 2008. Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) on performance and egg quality parameters of laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7(11): 1489-1494.
  • Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 306-316.
  • Florou-Paneri, P., Nikolakakis, I., Giannenas, I., Koidis, A., Botsoglou, E., Dotas, V., Mitsopoulos, I., 2005. Hen Performance and egg quality as affected by dietary oregano essential oil and "-tocopheryl acetate supplementation. International Journal of Poultry Science 4 (7): 449-454.
  • Florou-Paneri, P., Dotas, V., Mitsopoulos, I., Dotas, V., Botsoglou, E., Nikolakakis, I., Botsoglou, N., 2006. Effect of feeding rosemary and - tocopheryl acetate on hen performance and egg quality. The Journal of Poultry Science, 43: 143-149.
  • Galobart, J., Barroeta, A.C., Baucells, M.D., Conody, R., Ternest, W., 2001. Effect of dietary supplementation with rosemary extract and -tocopheryl acetate on lipid oxidation in eggs enriched with 3-fatty acids. Poultry Science. 80: 460-467.
  • Gill, C., 1999. Herbs and plant extract as growth enhancers. Feed International, 20: (4) 20-23.
  • Hammer, K.A., Carson, C.F., Riley, T.V., 1999. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86: 965-990.
  • Hara, A., Radin, N. S., 1978. Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent. Anal. Biochem. 90: 420–426.
  • Jamroz, D., Kamel, C., 2002. Plant extracts enhance broiler performance. In non ruminant nutrition.: Antimikrobial agent and plant extracts on immunity, healt and performance. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (e.suppl 1), 41.
  • Jamroz, D., Wiliczkievicz, A., Wertlecki, T.J., Orda, J., Skoropinska, J., 2005. Use of acitive substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maise and locally grown cereals. Br. Poult. Sci. 46: 485-493.
  • Kang, K.R., Cherian, G., Sim, J.S., 2001. Dietary palm oil alters the lipid stability of polyunsaturated fatty acid-modified poultry products. Poultry Science 80: 228-234.
  • Kaya, A., Kaya, H., Macit, M., Çelebi, ., Esenbu a, N., Yörük, M.A., 2009. Yumurtac tavuk rasyonlar na esans ya kar ve duyusal özellikleri ile lipid metabolizmas üzerine etkisi. V. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi. 30 Eylül-3Ekim, 293- 298, Çorlu/Tekirda .
  • Kaya, H., 2008. Farkl seviyelerdeki sar msak tozunun (Allium sativum) ve bakn yumurtac tavuklarda performans, yumurta kalitesi ve lipid metabolizmas üzerine etkileri (Doktora Tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enst., Erzurum. c, B., Richards, M. P., 2003. Lipid oxidation in poultry doner kebap: prooxidative and antioxidative factors. Journal of Food Science, 68(2): 686–689.
  • Langhout, P., 2000. New additives for broiler chickens. World Poultry-Elsevier, 16(3), 22-27.
  • Macala L. J., Yu R. K., Ando S., 1983. J. Lipid Res. 24, 1243- 1250.
  • Mineki, M., Kobayashi, M., 1998. Microstructural changes in stored hen egg yolk. Jpn. Poultr. Sci. 35: 285-294.
  • N.R.C., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9 National Academy Press. Washington, D.C. th rev.ed.,
  • Nostro, A., Blanco, A.R., Canatelli, M.A., Enea, V., Flamini, G., Morelli, I., Roccaro, A.S., Alonzo, V., 2004. Susceptibility of methicillin, resistant staphylococci to oregano essential oils, carvacrol and thymol. FEMS Microbiology Letters 230: 191-195.
  • Özgan, A., Çelik, L., Kutlu, H.S., ahan, Z., Serbester, U., Tekeli, A., Kiraz, A.B., 2009. Fonksiyonel yumurta eldesinde üzüm çekirde i ya kullan Kongresi. 30 Eylül-3Ekim, 139-143, Çorlu/Tekirda .
  • Parlat, S., S., Y ld z, Ö., A., Olgun, O., Cufadar, Y., 2005.
  • V. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme
  • ld rc n rasyonlar nda büyütme amaçl antibiyotiklere
  • alternatif olarak kekik uçucu ya (origanum vulgare l.) kullan
  • S.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (36). 7-12.
  • Sahin, K., Sahin, N., Onderci, M., 2002. Vitamin E Supplementation can alleviate negative effects of heat stres on egg production, egg quality, digestibility of nutrients and egg yolk mineral consentrations of Japanes quails. Researche in Vet. Sci. 73(3): 307-312.
  • Sar ca, S., Çiftçi, A., Demir, E., K nç, K., Y ld m Y., 2005. Use of an antibiotic growth promoter and two herbal natural feed additives with and without exogenous enzymes in wheat based broiler diets. South African Journal of Animal Science 2005, 35 (1), 61.
  • SPSS, 1996. SPSS for Windows Release 10.0, SPSS Inc. Chicago
  • im ek, Ü.G., Güler, T., Çiftçi, M., Erta , O. N., Dalk ç, B., 2005. Esans ya kar
  • broylerlerde canl a rl k, karkas ve etlerin duyusal
  • özellikleri üzerine etkisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg. 16 (2):1-5.
  • Williams, P., Losa, R., 2001. The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition. World Poult. 17(4): 14-15.
  • Yu, S.G., Abuirmeileh, N.M., Qureshi, A.A., Elson, C.E., 1994. Dietarybeta-ionone suppreses hepatic 3-hidtoxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase aktivity. J. Agri. And Food Chem. 42: 1493-1496.

Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2012, Volume: 43 Issue: 1, 49 - 58, 20.02.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışma yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına farklı seviyelerde ilave edilen adaçayı, kekik, nane ekstraktları ve vitamin E'nin performans, yumurta kalitesi, yumurta sarısı ile serum kolesterolü ve trigliserid içerikleri üzerine etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 36 haftalık yaşta toplam 216 adet Lohman beyaz yumurtacı tavuk kullanılmış ve her kafes gözünde dört hayvan bulunacak ve altı tekerrürlü olacak şekilde üç katlı batarya tipi kafeslere şansa bağlı olarak dağıtılmıştır. Araştırma iki faktörlü (4x3) deneme planına göre yürütülmüştür. Birinci faktörü; kekik, adaçayı, nane ekstraktları ve vitamin E olmak üzere dört grup, ikinci faktörü ise bu bitki eskstraktları ve vitamin E'nin üç farklı seviyesi (0, 150 ve 300 ppm) oluşturmuştur. Rasyona farklı seviyelerde adaçayı, kekik, nane ekstraktı ve vitamin E ilavesi yumurta ağırlığını, yemden yararlanma katsayısını, şekil indeksini, kabuk kalınlığını, sarı rengini, ak indeksi ve Haugh birimini etkilemezken, yumurta verimini, kabuk ağırlığını ve kırılma mukavemetini önemli derecede artırmış (P < 0.01), hasarlı yumurta oranını ise düşürmüştür (P < 0.01). Rasyona ekstrakt ve vitamin E ilavesi serum kolesterol içeriğini 0 ppm seviyesine göre artırmıştır (P < 0.05). Rasyona bitkisel ekstrakt vitamin E ilavesi 21 ve 42 gün depolanan yumurtalarda Thiobarbituric acid reactive substans (TBARS) oluşumunu önemli derecede yavaşlatmıştır (P < 0.01). Sonuç olarak, aromatik bitki ekstraktlarından adaçayı ve kekik ektraktlarının bazı performans ve kalite parametreleri üzerine olumlu etkilerinin olduğu, antioksidan olan vitamin E yerine lipid oksidasyonunu önleyici olarak kullanılabilecekleri, kolesterol düşürücü ajan olarak yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına 300 ppm düzeyinde ilave edilebilecekleri söylenebilir.

References

  • Akhtar, M.S., Nasir, Z., Abid, A.R., 2003. Effect of feeding powdered Nigella sativa L. seeds on poultry egg production and their suitability for human consumption. Veterinarski Arhiv 73 (3): 181-190.
  • Alçiçek, A., Bozkurt, M., Çabuk, M., 2003. The effect of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in Turkey on broiler performance. South African Journal of Animal Science, 33 (2).
  • Ayd n, R., Bal, M.A., Ozu ur, A.K., Toprak, H.H.C., Kamalak, A., Karaman, M., 2006. Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) supplementation on feed efficiency, Egg yield parameters and shell quality in chickens. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 9(2): 243- 247.
  • Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M., 2008. biological effects of essential oils-a review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46: 446-475.
  • Botsoglou, N.A., Yannakopoulos, A.L., Fletouris, D.J., Tserveni- Goussi, A.S., Fortomaris, P.D., 1997. Effect of dietary thyme on the oxidative stability of egg yolk. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45(10): 3711-3716.
  • Botsoglou, N.A., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Fletouris, D.J., Spais, A.B., 2002. Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. Br.Poult.Sci. 43(2): 223–230.
  • Botsoglou, N.A., Grigoropoulou, S.H., Bostoglou, E., Govaris, A., Papgeorgiou, G., 2003. The efffects of dietary oregano essential oil and -tocopheryl acetate on lipd oxidation in raw and cooked turkey during refrigerated storage. Meat Science. 65: 1193-1200.
  • Botsoglou, N., Florou-Paneri, P., Botsoglou, E., Dotas, V., Giannenas, I., Koidis, A., Mitrakos, P., 2005. The effect of feeding rosemary, oregano, saffron and -tocopheryl acetate on hen performance and oxidative stability of eggs. South African Journal of Animal Science, 35(3): 143-151.
  • Bölükba , .C., Erhan, M.K., Kele , M.S., Koçyi it, R., 2007a. Effect of dietary vitamin E on the performance, plasma and egg yolk vitamin E levels and lipid oxidation of egg in heat stressed layers. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 1(3): 19-23.
  • Bölükba , .C., Erhan, M.K., Kaynar, Ö., 2007b. Effect of dietary thyme oil on laying hens performance, cholesterol ratio of egg yolk and Escherichia coli concentration in feces. 3rd Joint Meeting of the Network of Universities and Research Institutions of Animal Science of the South Eastern European Countries, Thessaloniki, 10-12 February.
  • Bölükba , .C., Kaynar, Ö., Erhan, M.K., Ürü an, H., 2008. The effect of feeding thyme, sage and rosemary oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some proteins ratio of egg yolk and Escherichia Coli count in feces. Arch. Geflugelk. 72 (5): 231-237.
  • Bölükba , .C., Kaynar, Ö., Erhan, M.K., Ürü an, H., 2009. Effect of feeding Nigella sativa oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some proteins ratio of egg yolk and Escherichia Coli count in feces. Arch. Geflugelk. 73 (3): 167-172.
  • Case, G.L., He, L., Mo, H., Elson, C.E., 1995. Introduction of geranyl pyrophosphatase activity by cholesterol-suppressive isoprenoids. Lipids. 30: 357-359.
  • Crowell, P.L., 1999. Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoterpenes. J. Nutr. 129, 775-778.
  • Çabuk, M., Alçiçek, A., Bozkurt, M, mre, N., 2003. Aromatik bitkilerden elde edilen esansiyel ya lar n antimikrobiyal özellikleri ve alternatif yem katk maddesi olarak kullan m imkan . Yem Magazin, Aral k 2003, say :35, 39-41.
  • Çabuk, M., Bozkurt, M., Alçiçek, A. , Çatl , A.U., Ba er, K.H.C., 2006. Effect of a dietary essential oil mixture on performance of laying hens in the summer season. South African Journal of Animal Science, 36 (4): 215-221.
  • Çelik, L., 2007. Kanatl hayvanlar n beslenmesinde verim art sa lay maddeler. Yem Magazin, Mart 2007, say : 47, 51-55.
  • Çetin, T. ve Y ld z, G., 2004. Esansiyel ya lar n alternatif yem katk maddesi olarak kullan Aral k, say : 38. 41-47.
  • Yem Magazin Dergisi,
  • Çetingül, I.S., Bayram, I., Akkaya, A.B., Uyarlar, C., Yard mc , M., 2008. Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) on performance and egg quality parameters of laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7(11): 1489-1494.
  • Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 306-316.
  • Florou-Paneri, P., Nikolakakis, I., Giannenas, I., Koidis, A., Botsoglou, E., Dotas, V., Mitsopoulos, I., 2005. Hen Performance and egg quality as affected by dietary oregano essential oil and "-tocopheryl acetate supplementation. International Journal of Poultry Science 4 (7): 449-454.
  • Florou-Paneri, P., Dotas, V., Mitsopoulos, I., Dotas, V., Botsoglou, E., Nikolakakis, I., Botsoglou, N., 2006. Effect of feeding rosemary and - tocopheryl acetate on hen performance and egg quality. The Journal of Poultry Science, 43: 143-149.
  • Galobart, J., Barroeta, A.C., Baucells, M.D., Conody, R., Ternest, W., 2001. Effect of dietary supplementation with rosemary extract and -tocopheryl acetate on lipid oxidation in eggs enriched with 3-fatty acids. Poultry Science. 80: 460-467.
  • Gill, C., 1999. Herbs and plant extract as growth enhancers. Feed International, 20: (4) 20-23.
  • Hammer, K.A., Carson, C.F., Riley, T.V., 1999. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86: 965-990.
  • Hara, A., Radin, N. S., 1978. Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent. Anal. Biochem. 90: 420–426.
  • Jamroz, D., Kamel, C., 2002. Plant extracts enhance broiler performance. In non ruminant nutrition.: Antimikrobial agent and plant extracts on immunity, healt and performance. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (e.suppl 1), 41.
  • Jamroz, D., Wiliczkievicz, A., Wertlecki, T.J., Orda, J., Skoropinska, J., 2005. Use of acitive substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maise and locally grown cereals. Br. Poult. Sci. 46: 485-493.
  • Kang, K.R., Cherian, G., Sim, J.S., 2001. Dietary palm oil alters the lipid stability of polyunsaturated fatty acid-modified poultry products. Poultry Science 80: 228-234.
  • Kaya, A., Kaya, H., Macit, M., Çelebi, ., Esenbu a, N., Yörük, M.A., 2009. Yumurtac tavuk rasyonlar na esans ya kar ve duyusal özellikleri ile lipid metabolizmas üzerine etkisi. V. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi. 30 Eylül-3Ekim, 293- 298, Çorlu/Tekirda .
  • Kaya, H., 2008. Farkl seviyelerdeki sar msak tozunun (Allium sativum) ve bakn yumurtac tavuklarda performans, yumurta kalitesi ve lipid metabolizmas üzerine etkileri (Doktora Tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enst., Erzurum. c, B., Richards, M. P., 2003. Lipid oxidation in poultry doner kebap: prooxidative and antioxidative factors. Journal of Food Science, 68(2): 686–689.
  • Langhout, P., 2000. New additives for broiler chickens. World Poultry-Elsevier, 16(3), 22-27.
  • Macala L. J., Yu R. K., Ando S., 1983. J. Lipid Res. 24, 1243- 1250.
  • Mineki, M., Kobayashi, M., 1998. Microstructural changes in stored hen egg yolk. Jpn. Poultr. Sci. 35: 285-294.
  • N.R.C., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9 National Academy Press. Washington, D.C. th rev.ed.,
  • Nostro, A., Blanco, A.R., Canatelli, M.A., Enea, V., Flamini, G., Morelli, I., Roccaro, A.S., Alonzo, V., 2004. Susceptibility of methicillin, resistant staphylococci to oregano essential oils, carvacrol and thymol. FEMS Microbiology Letters 230: 191-195.
  • Özgan, A., Çelik, L., Kutlu, H.S., ahan, Z., Serbester, U., Tekeli, A., Kiraz, A.B., 2009. Fonksiyonel yumurta eldesinde üzüm çekirde i ya kullan Kongresi. 30 Eylül-3Ekim, 139-143, Çorlu/Tekirda .
  • Parlat, S., S., Y ld z, Ö., A., Olgun, O., Cufadar, Y., 2005.
  • V. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme
  • ld rc n rasyonlar nda büyütme amaçl antibiyotiklere
  • alternatif olarak kekik uçucu ya (origanum vulgare l.) kullan
  • S.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (36). 7-12.
  • Sahin, K., Sahin, N., Onderci, M., 2002. Vitamin E Supplementation can alleviate negative effects of heat stres on egg production, egg quality, digestibility of nutrients and egg yolk mineral consentrations of Japanes quails. Researche in Vet. Sci. 73(3): 307-312.
  • Sar ca, S., Çiftçi, A., Demir, E., K nç, K., Y ld m Y., 2005. Use of an antibiotic growth promoter and two herbal natural feed additives with and without exogenous enzymes in wheat based broiler diets. South African Journal of Animal Science 2005, 35 (1), 61.
  • SPSS, 1996. SPSS for Windows Release 10.0, SPSS Inc. Chicago
  • im ek, Ü.G., Güler, T., Çiftçi, M., Erta , O. N., Dalk ç, B., 2005. Esans ya kar
  • broylerlerde canl a rl k, karkas ve etlerin duyusal
  • özellikleri üzerine etkisi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg. 16 (2):1-5.
  • Williams, P., Losa, R., 2001. The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition. World Poult. 17(4): 14-15.
  • Yu, S.G., Abuirmeileh, N.M., Qureshi, A.A., Elson, C.E., 1994. Dietarybeta-ionone suppreses hepatic 3-hidtoxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase aktivity. J. Agri. And Food Chem. 42: 1493-1496.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section ARAŞTIRMALAR
Authors

Adem Kaya

Leyla Turgut This is me

Publication Date February 20, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 43 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaya, A., & Turgut, L. (2013). Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(1), 49-58.
AMA Kaya A, Turgut L. Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. February 2013;43(1):49-58.
Chicago Kaya, Adem, and Leyla Turgut. “Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae Piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ Nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi Ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 43, no. 1 (February 2013): 49-58.
EndNote Kaya A, Turgut L (February 1, 2013) Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 43 1 49–58.
IEEE A. Kaya and L. Turgut, “Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 49–58, 2013.
ISNAD Kaya, Adem - Turgut, Leyla. “Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae Piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ Nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi Ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 43/1 (February 2013), 49-58.
JAMA Kaya A, Turgut L. Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013;43:49–58.
MLA Kaya, Adem and Leyla Turgut. “Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae Piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ Nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi Ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 43, no. 1, 2013, pp. 49-58.
Vancouver Kaya A, Turgut L. Yumurtacı Tavuk Rasyonlarına De÷Lúik Oranlarda Katılan Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis), Kekik (Thymbra spicata), Nane (Menthae piperitae) EkstraktlarÕøle Vitamin E’ nin Performans, Yumurta Kalitesi ve Yumurta Sarısı TBARS Değerleri Üzerine Etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013;43(1):49-58.

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