Research Article
Bazı Horoz İbiği (Amaranthus spp.) Çeşitlerinin Kurak ve Sulu Şartlardaki Tohum Verimleri ve Verim Unsurları Üzerine Araştırma
Abstract
Araştırma, bazı Amaranthus spp. çeşitleri (Helios, Strek ve Ultra)’nin kurak ve sulu şartlardaki tohum verimi ve verim unsurlarının belirlemek amacıyla Iğdır ilinde 2017-2018 yıllarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada Amaranthus spp. çeşitlerinin bitki boyu, sap çapı, salkım boyu, salkım oranı, sap verimi, tohum verimi, biyolojik verim, hasat indeksi ve tohumların 1000 tane ağırlığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, incelenen parametreler üzerine yılların (sap kalınlığı, salkım oranı ve bin tane ağırlığı hariç), çeşitlerin ve yetişme koşullarının (bin tane ağırlığı hariç) etkisi önemli oranda farklılık göstermiştir. Buna göre en yüksek sap, tohum ve biyolojik verimler Sterk çeşidinde, hasat indeksi ise Helios ve Sterk çeşidinde saptanmıştır. İki yıllık ortalama veriler dikkate alındığında çeşitlerin sap, tohum ve biyolojik verimleri kurak şartlara göre suluda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Yıllar açısından değerlendirildiğinde, tohum verimi ve hasat indeksi 2017 yılında, bitki boyu, salkım boyu, sap verimi ve biyolojik verim değerleri ise 2018 yılında daha yüksek ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, sulu koşullarda yetiştirilen Sterk çeşidinin tohum verimi açısından bölge için en uygun çeşit olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
References
- Alegbejo, J.O., 2013. Nutritional Value and Utilization of Amaranthus (Amaranthus spp.) – A Review. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 6(1): 136 – 143.
- Anonim, 2020. Amaranth - growing from seed when planted. Amaranth planting and care in the open field seed reproduction. https://dd-restaurant.ru/en/cabbage/amarant-vyrashchivanie-iz-semyan-kogda-sazhat-amarant-posadka-i-uhod-v-otkrytom/ (Erişim tarihi:28.02.2020).
- Arendt, E.K., Zannini, E., 2013. Cereal Grains for the Food and Beverage Industries. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Sciences, Technology and Nutrition. Number: 248, Philadelphia, USA.
- Berghofer, E., Schoenlechner, R., 2002. Grain Amaranth. In Belton P, Taylor J: Pseudocereals and Less Common Cereals: Grain Properties and Utilization Potential. Springer-Verlag, 219-260 s.
- Bressani, R., 1989. The proteins of grain amaranth. Food Review International 5:13-38.
- Casini, P., Rocca, F.L., 2014. Amaranthus cruentus L. is suitable for cultivation in Central Italy: field evaluation and response to plant densities. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 9(602): 166-175.
- Costea, M., Sanders, A., 2001. Preliminary results toward a revision of the Amaranthus hybridus species complex (Amaranthaceae). Sida, Contributions to Botany 19 (4): 931-974.
- Ergun, M., Özbay, N., Osmanoğlu, A., Çalkır, A., 2014. Sebze ve Tahıl Olarak Amarant (Amaranthus spp) Bitkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 4(3), 21-28.
- Gimplinger, D.M., Dobos, G., Schönlechner, R., Kaul, H.P., 2007. Yield and quality of grain amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) in Eastern Austria. Plant, Soil and Environmental, 53(3): 105-112.
- Goptsiy, T., Voroncov, N., Popov, V., Zhyravel, D., Gromenko, S., 2008. Grain Varieties of Amaranth Developed by Selection at Kharkiv National Agrarian University and the Perspectives of Their Use. in Amaranth-Plant of the Future: 5th International Symposium of the European Amaranth Association, Nitra, November 9-14, 2008, Slovak Republic, pp. 97–100.
- Gönen, E., Çolak, Y.B., Yazar, A., 2018. Farklı Amarant Çeşitlerinin Çukurova Bölgesine Adaptasyonu. Dünya Sağlık ve Tabiat Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018 (2):28-36.
- Grubbens, G.J.H., 1977. Tropical vegetables and their genetic resources. Rome: IBPGR.
- Grubbens, G.J.H., van Sloten, D.H., 1981. Genetic Resources of Amaranths - a Global plan of Action. Rome: IBPGR.
- Haban, M., Feckova, J., Huska, J., Illes, L., 2001. Effect of Amaranth Genotypes on Seed Productıon and Weıght of Seeds. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 4(special number): 218-220.
- Hayıt, F., Gül, H., 2017. Çölyak ve Çölyak Hastaları İçin Üretilen Ekmeklerin Kalite Özellikleri. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1): 163-169
- Jafari, H.R., Karimi, S., Alavipoor, F.S., 2018. Enviromental Planning and Management. In: Hesami M, Joneidabad MR, Kafi M, The Potential for the Use of Mutant Ornamental Plants for Reclamation of Arid Lands. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, s:385, ISBN (10): 1-5275-1183-9.
- Johnson, B.L., Henderson, T.L., 2002. Water Use Patterns of Grain Amaranth in the Northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 94(6):1437–1443.
- Kaul, H.P., Aufhammer, W., Laible, B., Nalborczyk, E., Pirog, S., Wasiak, K., 1996. The suitability of amaranth genotypes for grain and fodder use in Central Europe. Die Bodenkultur 47(3): 173–181.
- Lee, C., 2011. Grain Amaranth. University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, July (2011). http://www.uky.edu/Ag/CCD/introsheets/amaranth.pdf.
- Lehman, J., 1989. Proteins of grain amaranth. Legacy 2:3–6.
- Martirosyan, D.M., 2005. Functional Foods for Cardiovascular Diseases. D and A Inc. ISBN: 0-9767535-0-2. s:228-234, In: Miroshnichenlo, L.A., Zharkova, U.M., Kulakova, S.N., Kadirov, C.V., Eprintsev, A.T., Kalinicheva, M.V., Amaranth: A Few Aspects of Cultivation, Processing, Studies of Pharmaceutıcal Properties.
- Mlakar, S.G., Bavec, M., Jakop, M., Bavec, F., 2012. The Effect of Drought Occurring at Different Growth Stages on Productivity of Grain Amaranth Amaranthus cruentus G6. Journal of Life Sciences, 6(3): 283-286.
- Mlakar, S.G., Turinek, M., Jakop, M., Bavec, M., Bavec, F., 2010. Grain amaranth as alternative and perspective crop in temperate climate. Journal of Geography, 5(1). 135-145.
- Myers, R.L., 1998. Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect on Grain Amaranth. Agronomy Journal 90:597-602.
- Özaslan, C., Kendal, E., 2014. Lice Domatesi Üretim Alanlarındaki Yabancı Otların Belirlenmesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(3): 29-34.
- Pospisil, A., Pospisil, M., Varga, B., Svecnjak, Z., 2006. Grain yield and protein concentration of two amaranth species (Amaranthus spp.) as influenced by the nitrogen fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy, 25:250-253.
- Putnam, D.H., Oplinger, E.S., Doll, J.D., Schulte, E.M., 2014. Amarant. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/amaranth.html (Erişim tarihi: 19.03.2014).
- Rastogi, A., Shukla, S., 2013. Amaranth: A new millennium crop of nutraceutical values. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53:109-125.
- Sauer, J.D., 1967. The Grain Amaranths and Their Relatives: A Revised Taxonomic and Geographic Survey. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden. 54: 103-137.
- Sauer, J.D., 1976. Grain amaranths, Amaranthus spp. (Amaranthaceae). In: N. W. Simmonds (Ed.) Evolution of crop plants, Longman, London, United Kingdom. Pp. 4-7.
- Selçuk, H., 2011. Çukurova Koşullarında Dane Amarant’ın (Amaranthus spp.) Kuraklığa Dayanma Yönünden İncelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
- Svirskis, A., 2003. Investigation of Amaranth Cultivcation and Utilisation in Lithuania. Agronomy Research, 1(2): 253-264.
- Tan, M., Temel, S., 2012. Alternatif Yem bitkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders yayınları No246, 12 s.
- TTOB-MGM, 2019. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara
- Uusikua, N.P., Oelofsea, A., Duodub, K.G., Besterc, M.J., Faberd, M., 2010. Nutritional value of leafy vegetables of sub-Saharan Africa and their potential contribution to human health: A review, In: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 23: 499–509.
- Yarnia, M., Khorshidi Benam, M.B., Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi, E., Nobari, N., Ahmadzadeh, V., 2011. Effect of Planting Dates and Density in Drought Stress Condition on Yield and Yield Components of Amaranth cv. Koniz. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(6): 1139-1149.
- Yarnia, M., İkincikarakaya, S.Ü., Rezaei, F., Khawar, K.M., 2011. Çavdar Kalıntılarının, Horoz İbiğinin (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Toprakta Bulunan Tohum Miktarı ve Bitki Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(2): 91-96.
- Yaroshko, O.M., Kuchuk, M.V., 2018. Agrobacterium – caused transformation of cultivars Amaranthus caudatus L. and hybrids of A. caudatus L. x A. paniculatus L. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 5 (4): 312-318.
Research on Seed Yield and Yield Components of Some Amaranthus spp. Varieties in Rainfed and Irrigation Conditions
Abstract
The research was established to determine the seed yield and yield component of some Amaranthus spp. varieties (Helios, Sterk and Ultra) in arid and irrigation conditions with three replications according to split plot experiment design in 2017-2018 years. In the study, plant height, stem diameter, panicle height, panicle ratio, stem yield, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and 1000 grain weight of Amaranthus spp. varieties were determined. According to research results, the effect of years (except for stem diameter, panicle ratio and 1000 grain weight), cultivars and growing conditions (except for 1000 grain weight) on investigated parameters differed significantly. Accordingly, the highest stem, seed and biological yields were determined in Sterk variety, and harvest index was Helios and Sterk variety. Considering the two-year average data, the stems, seeds and biological yields of the cultivars were higher in water than dry conditions. When evaluated in terms of years, seed yield and harvest index were higher in 2017, plant height, panicle height, stem yield and biological yield values were higher in 2018. As a result, it has been demonstrated that the seed yield of Sterk variety grown in aqueous conditions is the most suitable variety for the region.
References
- Alegbejo, J.O., 2013. Nutritional Value and Utilization of Amaranthus (Amaranthus spp.) – A Review. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 6(1): 136 – 143.
- Anonim, 2020. Amaranth - growing from seed when planted. Amaranth planting and care in the open field seed reproduction. https://dd-restaurant.ru/en/cabbage/amarant-vyrashchivanie-iz-semyan-kogda-sazhat-amarant-posadka-i-uhod-v-otkrytom/ (Erişim tarihi:28.02.2020).
- Arendt, E.K., Zannini, E., 2013. Cereal Grains for the Food and Beverage Industries. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Sciences, Technology and Nutrition. Number: 248, Philadelphia, USA.
- Berghofer, E., Schoenlechner, R., 2002. Grain Amaranth. In Belton P, Taylor J: Pseudocereals and Less Common Cereals: Grain Properties and Utilization Potential. Springer-Verlag, 219-260 s.
- Bressani, R., 1989. The proteins of grain amaranth. Food Review International 5:13-38.
- Casini, P., Rocca, F.L., 2014. Amaranthus cruentus L. is suitable for cultivation in Central Italy: field evaluation and response to plant densities. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 9(602): 166-175.
- Costea, M., Sanders, A., 2001. Preliminary results toward a revision of the Amaranthus hybridus species complex (Amaranthaceae). Sida, Contributions to Botany 19 (4): 931-974.
- Ergun, M., Özbay, N., Osmanoğlu, A., Çalkır, A., 2014. Sebze ve Tahıl Olarak Amarant (Amaranthus spp) Bitkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 4(3), 21-28.
- Gimplinger, D.M., Dobos, G., Schönlechner, R., Kaul, H.P., 2007. Yield and quality of grain amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) in Eastern Austria. Plant, Soil and Environmental, 53(3): 105-112.
- Goptsiy, T., Voroncov, N., Popov, V., Zhyravel, D., Gromenko, S., 2008. Grain Varieties of Amaranth Developed by Selection at Kharkiv National Agrarian University and the Perspectives of Their Use. in Amaranth-Plant of the Future: 5th International Symposium of the European Amaranth Association, Nitra, November 9-14, 2008, Slovak Republic, pp. 97–100.
- Gönen, E., Çolak, Y.B., Yazar, A., 2018. Farklı Amarant Çeşitlerinin Çukurova Bölgesine Adaptasyonu. Dünya Sağlık ve Tabiat Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018 (2):28-36.
- Grubbens, G.J.H., 1977. Tropical vegetables and their genetic resources. Rome: IBPGR.
- Grubbens, G.J.H., van Sloten, D.H., 1981. Genetic Resources of Amaranths - a Global plan of Action. Rome: IBPGR.
- Haban, M., Feckova, J., Huska, J., Illes, L., 2001. Effect of Amaranth Genotypes on Seed Productıon and Weıght of Seeds. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 4(special number): 218-220.
- Hayıt, F., Gül, H., 2017. Çölyak ve Çölyak Hastaları İçin Üretilen Ekmeklerin Kalite Özellikleri. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1): 163-169
- Jafari, H.R., Karimi, S., Alavipoor, F.S., 2018. Enviromental Planning and Management. In: Hesami M, Joneidabad MR, Kafi M, The Potential for the Use of Mutant Ornamental Plants for Reclamation of Arid Lands. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, s:385, ISBN (10): 1-5275-1183-9.
- Johnson, B.L., Henderson, T.L., 2002. Water Use Patterns of Grain Amaranth in the Northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 94(6):1437–1443.
- Kaul, H.P., Aufhammer, W., Laible, B., Nalborczyk, E., Pirog, S., Wasiak, K., 1996. The suitability of amaranth genotypes for grain and fodder use in Central Europe. Die Bodenkultur 47(3): 173–181.
- Lee, C., 2011. Grain Amaranth. University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, July (2011). http://www.uky.edu/Ag/CCD/introsheets/amaranth.pdf.
- Lehman, J., 1989. Proteins of grain amaranth. Legacy 2:3–6.
- Martirosyan, D.M., 2005. Functional Foods for Cardiovascular Diseases. D and A Inc. ISBN: 0-9767535-0-2. s:228-234, In: Miroshnichenlo, L.A., Zharkova, U.M., Kulakova, S.N., Kadirov, C.V., Eprintsev, A.T., Kalinicheva, M.V., Amaranth: A Few Aspects of Cultivation, Processing, Studies of Pharmaceutıcal Properties.
- Mlakar, S.G., Bavec, M., Jakop, M., Bavec, F., 2012. The Effect of Drought Occurring at Different Growth Stages on Productivity of Grain Amaranth Amaranthus cruentus G6. Journal of Life Sciences, 6(3): 283-286.
- Mlakar, S.G., Turinek, M., Jakop, M., Bavec, M., Bavec, F., 2010. Grain amaranth as alternative and perspective crop in temperate climate. Journal of Geography, 5(1). 135-145.
- Myers, R.L., 1998. Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect on Grain Amaranth. Agronomy Journal 90:597-602.
- Özaslan, C., Kendal, E., 2014. Lice Domatesi Üretim Alanlarındaki Yabancı Otların Belirlenmesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(3): 29-34.
- Pospisil, A., Pospisil, M., Varga, B., Svecnjak, Z., 2006. Grain yield and protein concentration of two amaranth species (Amaranthus spp.) as influenced by the nitrogen fertilization. European Journal of Agronomy, 25:250-253.
- Putnam, D.H., Oplinger, E.S., Doll, J.D., Schulte, E.M., 2014. Amarant. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/amaranth.html (Erişim tarihi: 19.03.2014).
- Rastogi, A., Shukla, S., 2013. Amaranth: A new millennium crop of nutraceutical values. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53:109-125.
- Sauer, J.D., 1967. The Grain Amaranths and Their Relatives: A Revised Taxonomic and Geographic Survey. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden. 54: 103-137.
- Sauer, J.D., 1976. Grain amaranths, Amaranthus spp. (Amaranthaceae). In: N. W. Simmonds (Ed.) Evolution of crop plants, Longman, London, United Kingdom. Pp. 4-7.
- Selçuk, H., 2011. Çukurova Koşullarında Dane Amarant’ın (Amaranthus spp.) Kuraklığa Dayanma Yönünden İncelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
- Svirskis, A., 2003. Investigation of Amaranth Cultivcation and Utilisation in Lithuania. Agronomy Research, 1(2): 253-264.
- Tan, M., Temel, S., 2012. Alternatif Yem bitkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders yayınları No246, 12 s.
- TTOB-MGM, 2019. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara
- Uusikua, N.P., Oelofsea, A., Duodub, K.G., Besterc, M.J., Faberd, M., 2010. Nutritional value of leafy vegetables of sub-Saharan Africa and their potential contribution to human health: A review, In: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 23: 499–509.
- Yarnia, M., Khorshidi Benam, M.B., Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi, E., Nobari, N., Ahmadzadeh, V., 2011. Effect of Planting Dates and Density in Drought Stress Condition on Yield and Yield Components of Amaranth cv. Koniz. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(6): 1139-1149.
- Yarnia, M., İkincikarakaya, S.Ü., Rezaei, F., Khawar, K.M., 2011. Çavdar Kalıntılarının, Horoz İbiğinin (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Toprakta Bulunan Tohum Miktarı ve Bitki Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(2): 91-96.
- Yaroshko, O.M., Kuchuk, M.V., 2018. Agrobacterium – caused transformation of cultivars Amaranthus caudatus L. and hybrids of A. caudatus L. x A. paniculatus L. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 5 (4): 312-318.
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Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | ARAŞTIRMALAR |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 26, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 |
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