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Klasik Çağ Hellen Siyasi İmgeleminde Persler: Bir Kent-Devleti Tasavvuru

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1718 - 1757, 30.09.2020

Abstract

Klasik Çağ Hellen yazarları Aiskhylos, Herodotos ve Ksenophon, yaşadıkları dönemde tüm barbar ulusların yöneteni olarak gördükleri Pers İmparatorluğu’nu bir kent devleti (polis) olarak tasavvur etmektedirler. Bir kent devletinin ötesinde bir imparatorluk kuran Perslere ilişkin bu çarpıtma, yazarların Persleri tarihi gerçekliklerinden ziyade Hellen siyasi imgelemindeki yerleri ile tasvir ettiklerinin bir göstergesidir. Buna göre yazarların amacı Persleri anlatmaktan çok panhellenik değerlerin negatifi bir öteki yaratarak kendi siyasi kurumlarının meşruiyetini sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmada bir klasik dönem Hellen kenti devletinin unsurları olduğu değerlendirilen kentin teritoryası, komşuları ile ilişkileri, yönetim biçimi ve unsurları, ordusu, dini ve etnografik özellikleri üzerinden yazarların Perslere ilişkin anlatıları ayrıştırılacaktır. Böylece Pers imgesinin Hellenlerin panhellenik değerlerin gözlüğünde inşa edilmiş bir kurmaca olduğu gösterilemeye çalışılacaktır. Bu doğrultuda tarihte modern devlete en yakın devlet biçimi olarak değerlendirilebilecek olan Hellen kent devletinin anti tezi Perslerin, modern devletin anti tezinin kavranması için taşıdığı önem ortaya konmaktadır.

References

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  • BLACKWELL, C. W., “The Council of the Areopagus”, Dēmos: Classical Athenian Democracy, (ed. A. Mahoney–R.Scaife), The Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities (http://www.stoa.org/demos/areopagus.pdf, online publication date: 2003)
  • BROCK, R., Greek Political Imagery from Homer to Aristotle, Bloomsbury, London 2013.
  • CANCIK, H., “The Awareness of Cultural Diversity in Ancient Greece and Rome”, Exploring Humanity: Intercultural Perspectives on Humanism, (ed. Mihai I. Spariosu– Jörn Rusen), National Taiwan University Press, Taiwan 2012, s. 123-145.
  • COLE, S. G., “‘I Know the Number of the Sand and the Measure of the Sea’: Geography and Difference in the Early Greek”, Geography and Ethnography: Perceptions of the World in Pre‐Modern Societies, (ed. Kurt A. Raaflaub– Richard J. A. Talbert), Blackwell, New Jersey 2010, s. 197-214.
  • DEWALD, C.– MARINCOLA, J., “Introduction”, The Cambridge Companion to Herodotus, (ed. Carolyn Dewald–John Marincola), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006, s. 1-12.
  • FGrHist = Die Fragmente der Griechischen Historiker
  • FUSTEL De COULANGES, N. D., The Ancient City: A Study on the Religion, Laws and Institutions of Greece and Rome, Batoche Books, Ontario 2001.
  • GRUEN, E. S., Rethinking the Other in Antiquity, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2012.
  • HALL, E., Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-definition through Tragedy, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1989.
  • HALL, E., Aeschylus: Persians, Aris&Phillips, Warminster 1996.
  • HANSEN, M. H., Polis and City-State: An Ancient Concept and its Modern Equivalent, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen 1998.
  • HARRIS, E. M., “Aeschylus’ Eumenides: The Role of the Areopagus, the Rule of Law and Political Discourse in Attic Tragedy”, Poet and Orator: A Symbiotic Relationship in Democratic Athens, (ed. A. Markantonatos– E. Volonaki), De Gruyter, Berlin 2019, s. 389-419.
  • HARRISON, T., The Emptiness of Asia: Aeschylus’ Persians and the History of the Fifth Century, Bristol Classical Press, London 2000.
  • HARTOG, F., Herodotos’un Aynası: Öteki Tasavvuru Üzerine Bir Deneme, (çev. Mehmet Emin Özcan), İthaki Yayınları, İstanbul 2014.
  • HENKELMAN, W.F.M., “Cyrus the Persian and Darius the Elamite: a Case of Mistaken Identity”, Herodotus and the Persian Empire, (ed. Robert Rollinger–Brigitte Truschnegg–Reinhold Bichler), Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2011, s. 577-634.
  • JOHNSON, D. M., “Persians As Centaurs in Xenophon’s Cyropaedia”, Transactions of the American Philological Association, C. 135, (2005), s. 177-207.
  • KOIV, M., “Basileus, tyrannos and polis: The Dynamics of Monarchy in Early Greece”, Klio C. 98, S. 1 (2016), s. 1–89. LARSON, J., Ancient Greek Cults: A Guide, Routledge, New York 2007.
  • PODRAZIK, M., “The Skēptouchoi of Cyrus The Younger”, Iran and Western Asia in Antiquity: New Perspectives, (ed. Marek Jan Olbrycht ), Anabasis: Studia Classica et Orientalia, C. 8, (2017), s. 16-37.
  • POTTS, D. T., “Cyrus the Great and the Kingdom of Anshan”, The Idea of Iran I: Birth of the Persian Empire, (ed. Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis– Sarah Stewart), I.B.Tauris, London 2005, s. 1-27.
  • PROVENCAL, V. L., Sophist Kings: Persians as Other in Herodotus, Bloomsbury, London 2015.
  • ROMM, J., “Continents, Climates, and Cultures: Greek Theories of Global Structure”, Geography and Ethnography: Perceptions of the World in Pre‐Modern Societies, (ed. Kurt A. Raaflaub– Richard J. A. Talbert), Blackwell, New Jersey 2010, s. 215-235.
  • TUPLIN C., “Xenophon, Sparta and the Cyropaedia”, The Shadow of Sparta, (ed. Anton Powell–Stephen Hodkinson), Routledge, London 1994, s. 127–181.
Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1718 - 1757, 30.09.2020

Abstract

References

  • ASSMAN, J., Kültürel Bellek: Eski Yüksek Kültürlerde Yazı, Hatırlama ve Politik Kimlik, (çev. Ayşe Tekin), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul 2001.
  • BLACKWELL, C. W., “The Council of the Areopagus”, Dēmos: Classical Athenian Democracy, (ed. A. Mahoney–R.Scaife), The Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities (http://www.stoa.org/demos/areopagus.pdf, online publication date: 2003)
  • BROCK, R., Greek Political Imagery from Homer to Aristotle, Bloomsbury, London 2013.
  • CANCIK, H., “The Awareness of Cultural Diversity in Ancient Greece and Rome”, Exploring Humanity: Intercultural Perspectives on Humanism, (ed. Mihai I. Spariosu– Jörn Rusen), National Taiwan University Press, Taiwan 2012, s. 123-145.
  • COLE, S. G., “‘I Know the Number of the Sand and the Measure of the Sea’: Geography and Difference in the Early Greek”, Geography and Ethnography: Perceptions of the World in Pre‐Modern Societies, (ed. Kurt A. Raaflaub– Richard J. A. Talbert), Blackwell, New Jersey 2010, s. 197-214.
  • DEWALD, C.– MARINCOLA, J., “Introduction”, The Cambridge Companion to Herodotus, (ed. Carolyn Dewald–John Marincola), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006, s. 1-12.
  • FGrHist = Die Fragmente der Griechischen Historiker
  • FUSTEL De COULANGES, N. D., The Ancient City: A Study on the Religion, Laws and Institutions of Greece and Rome, Batoche Books, Ontario 2001.
  • GRUEN, E. S., Rethinking the Other in Antiquity, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2012.
  • HALL, E., Inventing the Barbarian: Greek Self-definition through Tragedy, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1989.
  • HALL, E., Aeschylus: Persians, Aris&Phillips, Warminster 1996.
  • HANSEN, M. H., Polis and City-State: An Ancient Concept and its Modern Equivalent, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen 1998.
  • HARRIS, E. M., “Aeschylus’ Eumenides: The Role of the Areopagus, the Rule of Law and Political Discourse in Attic Tragedy”, Poet and Orator: A Symbiotic Relationship in Democratic Athens, (ed. A. Markantonatos– E. Volonaki), De Gruyter, Berlin 2019, s. 389-419.
  • HARRISON, T., The Emptiness of Asia: Aeschylus’ Persians and the History of the Fifth Century, Bristol Classical Press, London 2000.
  • HARTOG, F., Herodotos’un Aynası: Öteki Tasavvuru Üzerine Bir Deneme, (çev. Mehmet Emin Özcan), İthaki Yayınları, İstanbul 2014.
  • HENKELMAN, W.F.M., “Cyrus the Persian and Darius the Elamite: a Case of Mistaken Identity”, Herodotus and the Persian Empire, (ed. Robert Rollinger–Brigitte Truschnegg–Reinhold Bichler), Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2011, s. 577-634.
  • JOHNSON, D. M., “Persians As Centaurs in Xenophon’s Cyropaedia”, Transactions of the American Philological Association, C. 135, (2005), s. 177-207.
  • KOIV, M., “Basileus, tyrannos and polis: The Dynamics of Monarchy in Early Greece”, Klio C. 98, S. 1 (2016), s. 1–89. LARSON, J., Ancient Greek Cults: A Guide, Routledge, New York 2007.
  • PODRAZIK, M., “The Skēptouchoi of Cyrus The Younger”, Iran and Western Asia in Antiquity: New Perspectives, (ed. Marek Jan Olbrycht ), Anabasis: Studia Classica et Orientalia, C. 8, (2017), s. 16-37.
  • POTTS, D. T., “Cyrus the Great and the Kingdom of Anshan”, The Idea of Iran I: Birth of the Persian Empire, (ed. Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis– Sarah Stewart), I.B.Tauris, London 2005, s. 1-27.
  • PROVENCAL, V. L., Sophist Kings: Persians as Other in Herodotus, Bloomsbury, London 2015.
  • ROMM, J., “Continents, Climates, and Cultures: Greek Theories of Global Structure”, Geography and Ethnography: Perceptions of the World in Pre‐Modern Societies, (ed. Kurt A. Raaflaub– Richard J. A. Talbert), Blackwell, New Jersey 2010, s. 215-235.
  • TUPLIN C., “Xenophon, Sparta and the Cyropaedia”, The Shadow of Sparta, (ed. Anton Powell–Stephen Hodkinson), Routledge, London 1994, s. 127–181.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esra Yalazı 0000-0001-9708-6223

Publication Date September 30, 2020
Acceptance Date November 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yalazı, E. (2020). Klasik Çağ Hellen Siyasi İmgeleminde Persler: Bir Kent-Devleti Tasavvuru. Akademik Tarih Ve Düşünce Dergisi, 7(3), 1718-1757.

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