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Konya Ekolojik Şartlarında Kültürü Yapılan Aynısefa (Calendula officinalis L.) Bitkisinin Farklı Ekim Zamanlarının Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 99 - 104, 11.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1124583

Abstract

Amaç: Aynısefa (Calendula officinalis L), Asteraceae familyasına ait tek yıllık, otsu gövdeli bir bitkidir. Eski çağlardan bu yana halk arasında tıbbi ve kozmetik amaçlı kullanılmaktadır. Aynısefa bitkisi kimyasal kompozisyonu nedeniyle geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarında soğuk algınlığında, yara tedavilerinde, ateşli hastalıklarda, böcek ısırıklarında, bebek pişiklerinde, diş eti hastalıklarında, hemoroidde, mide kramplarında ve fitoterapide kullanılmaktadır. Bitkinin parlak sarı ve turuncu renkteki güzel çiçekleri peyzaj alanlarında ve kesme çiçekçilikte süs bitkisi olarak kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Konya ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen aynısefa (Calendula officinalis L.) bitkisinde ekim zamanlarının bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Tarla çalışmaları Mart- Ağustos 2017 yetiştirme döneminde “Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine” göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Kültüre alınan aynısefa çiçeklerinde toplam fenolik ve flavonoid miktarı, uçucu yağ verim ve bileşenleri, sabit yağ verim ve bileşenleri incelenmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre; toplam fenolik miktarı 513.25 - 575.15 mg GAE/L, toplam flavonoid miktarı 91.08 - 110.13 mg QEs/L, çiçek uçucu yağ verimleri % 0.02 - 0.08, çiçek uçucu yağ major bileşenlerinden alfa-kadinol miktarı % 35.6 - 39.9, çiçek sabit yağ verimi % 5.52 - 6.17 ve çiçek sabit yağ bileşenlerinden doymamış yağ asitlerinin toplamı % 41.53 - 49.15 arasında belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Çalışmada aynısefa çiçeklerinin uçucu ve sabit yağ verimi ekim zamanı geciktikçe artmasına rağmen, farklı ekim zamanlarının uçucu yağ ve sabit yağ bileşenlerinde farklılığa neden olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Toplam flavonoid miktarının ekim zamanı geciktikçe arttığı, toplam fenolik miktarının ise Nisan ayının ilk haftası yapılan ekimlerde yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Selçuk Üniversitesi Öğretim Elemanı Yetiştirme Programı (ÖYP)

Project Number

2016-ÖYP-035 nolu Yükseklisans Tezi

References

  • Ashwlayan, V. D., Kumar, A., M. Verma M., Garg, V.K., & Gupta, S.K. (2018). Therapeutic potential of Calendula officinalis L. Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal, 6(2), 149‒155.
  • Avcı, A.B. & İnan M. (2020). Comparing of cultivated annual and perennial Calendula officinalis L. species. KSU J. Agric. Nat., 24(3), 579-585.
  • Badami, R., & Morris, L. (1965). The oxygenated fatty acid of calendula seed oil, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 42 (12), 1119-1121.
  • Basch, E., Bent, S., Foppa, I., Haskmi, S., Kroll, D., Mele, M., Szapary, P., Ulbricht, C., Vora, M., & Yong, S. (2006). Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) an evidence-based systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 6 (3-4), 135-159.
  • Başer, K.H.C. (2009). Aynısafa (Calendula officinalis L.), papatyagiller (Asteraceae) aile. Bağbahçe 21. Baydar, H. (2019). Tıbbi, Aromatik ve Aromatik Bitkiler Bilimi ve Teknolojisi. 7. Basım, Yayın No: 2328, Isparta. ISBN: 978-605-7846-38-9.
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Türkiyede bitkiler ile tedavi (geçmişte ve bugün), 40, İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Bruneton, J. (1995). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing Inc.
  • Danielski, L., Campos, L. M., Bresciani, L. F., Hense, H., Yunes, R. A. & Ferreira, S. R. (2007). Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) oleoresin: solubility in SC-CO2 and composition profile, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 46 (2), 99-106.
  • Deniz, L., Serteser, A. & Kargıoğlu, M. (2010). Uşak Üniversitesi ve yakın çevresindeki bazı bitkilerin mahalli adları ve etnobotanik özellikleri, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10 (1), 57-72.
  • EP6 (2007).European Pharmacopoeia Sixth Edition, Council of Europe, Strasbourg: France.
  • Faydaoğlu, E. & Sürücüoğlu, M. S. (2011). Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kullanılması ve Ekonomik Önemi. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty , 11 (1) , 52-67.
  • Gruenwald, J., Brendler, T. & Jaenicke, C. (2004). PDR for Herbal Medicines Londra, Thomson Healthcare, 546-548. Gazim, Z. C., Rezende, C. M., Fraga, S. R., Dias Filho, B. P., Nakamura, C. V. & Cortez, D. A. G. (2008). Analysis of the essential oils from Calendula officinalis growing in Brazil using three different extraction procedures, Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 44 (3), 391-395.
  • Honório, I. C. G., Bonfim, F. P. G., Montoya, S. G., Casali, V. W. D., Leite, J. P. V. & Cecon, P. R. (2016). Growth, development and content of flavonoids in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 38 (1), 69-75.
  • Kan, Y., Arslan, N., Altun, L. & Kartal, M. 2004, Türkiye’de Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kültürünün Önemi XV. Bitkisel İlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı, 53-63.
  • Khalid, K. A. & da Silva, J. A. T. (2010). Yield, essential oil and pigment content of Calendula officinalis L. flower heads cultivated under salt stress conditions, Scientia horticulturae, 126 (2), 297-305.
  • Khalid, K. A. & da Silva, J. T. (2012). Biology of Calendula officinalis Linn.: focus on pharmacology, biological activities and agronomic practices. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 6 (1), 12-27.
  • Król, B. (2012). Yield and chemical composition of flower heads of selected cultivars of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 11 (1), 215-225.
  • Kemper, K. J. (1999). Calendula, The Longwood Herbal Task Force and The Center for Holistic Pediatric Education and Research, 1-13.
  • Miguel, M. G., Duarte, F., Venâncio, F. & Tavares, R. (2004). Composition of the essential oils from Portuguese Thymus albicans collected at different regions of Ria Formosa (Algarve). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16 (4), 308-311.
  • Muley, B.P., Khadabadi, S.S. & Banarase, N.B. (2009). Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): a review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, October, 8 (5): 455- 465.
  • Okoh, O., Sadimenko, A. & Afolayan, A. (2007). The effects of age on the yield and composition of the essential oils of Calendula officinalis, Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(23): 3806- 3810.
  • Okoh, O., Sadimenko, A., Asekun, O. & Afolayan, A. (2008). The effects of drying on the chemical components of essential oils of Calendula officinalis L. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (10),1500-1502.
  • Orhan, I., Şenol, F., Gülpinar, A., Kartal, M., Şekeroglu, N., Deveci, M., Kan, Y. & Şener, B. (2009). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant properties of Cyclotrichium niveum, Thymus praecox subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus, Echinacea purpurea and E. pallida, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47 (6), 1304-1310.
  • Ourabia, I., Djebbar, R., Tata, S., Sabaou, N. & Djebbar, D., (2019). Determination of essential oil composition, phenolic content and antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivated in Algeria, Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 11(2): 93- 110.
  • Rigane, G., Ben, Y., Ghazghazi, H. & Ben, S. (2013). Investigation into the biological activities and chemical composition of Calendula officinalis L. growing in Tunisia. International Food Research Journal, 20 (6), 3001-3007.
  • Wilen, R., Barl, B., Slinkard, A. & Bandara, M. (2004). Feasibility of cultivation calendula as a dual purpose industrial oilseed and medicinal crop, Acta Horticulturae, 199-206.
  • Willuhn, G. & Westhau, R.G. (1987). Loliolide (Calendin) from Calendula officinalis, Planta medica. Downloaded by: University of Arizona Library. Copyrighted material.
  • Woisky, R. G. & Salatino, A. (1998). Analysis of propolis: some parameters and procedures for chemical quality control, Journal of apicultural research, 37 (2), 99-105.
  • Yetiş, Z. (2019). Bitki sıklıklarının aynısefa (Calendula officinalis L.) bitkisinde çiçek verimi ve bazı etken maddeler üzerine etkileri. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Samsun.

Determination of The Effect of Different Sowing Times on Quality Properties of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Cultured in Konya Ecological Conditions

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 99 - 104, 11.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1124583

Abstract

Objective: Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It has been used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes among people since ancient times. Due to its chemical composition marigold is used in traditional and complementary medicine applications. It is used in colds, wound treatments, febrile diseases, insect bites, baby diaper rash, dental diseases, hemorrhoids, stomach cramps, and phytotherapy. The beautiful bright yellow and orange flowers of the plant are used as ornamental plants in landscaping and cut flowers. In this study, the effect of sowing time on some quality characteristics of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), cultivated in Konya ecological conditions, was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Field studies were established during March-August 2017 growing period according to the " Random Blocks Trial Design" with three replications. The total amount of phenolic and flavonoid, essential oil yield and components, fixed oil yield and components of marigold flowers that grow were examined.
Results: The results obtained from the quality analyses, the total phenolic content were 513.25-575.15 mg GAE/L, the total flavonoid amount were 91.08-110.13 mg QEs/L, the flower essential oil yields were 0.02-0.08%. The major component of the essential from the flower, alfa-kadinol, varied between 35.6%-39.9%. The oil yield of the flower was in betwen 5.52 % and 6.17 % and the total unsaturated fatty acids in this composition were from 41.53 % to 49.15 %.
Conclusion: According to the research, it was concluded that although the essential and fixed oil yield of the marigold increased as the sowing time was delayed, different sowing times did not cause differences in essential oil and fixed oil components and the total phenolic amount was high in the flowers harvested in the first week of April. It was concluded that the total flavonoid amount increased as the sowing time was delayed, and the total phenolic amount was high in the flowers of marigold sown in the first week of April.

Project Number

2016-ÖYP-035 nolu Yükseklisans Tezi

References

  • Ashwlayan, V. D., Kumar, A., M. Verma M., Garg, V.K., & Gupta, S.K. (2018). Therapeutic potential of Calendula officinalis L. Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal, 6(2), 149‒155.
  • Avcı, A.B. & İnan M. (2020). Comparing of cultivated annual and perennial Calendula officinalis L. species. KSU J. Agric. Nat., 24(3), 579-585.
  • Badami, R., & Morris, L. (1965). The oxygenated fatty acid of calendula seed oil, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 42 (12), 1119-1121.
  • Basch, E., Bent, S., Foppa, I., Haskmi, S., Kroll, D., Mele, M., Szapary, P., Ulbricht, C., Vora, M., & Yong, S. (2006). Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) an evidence-based systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 6 (3-4), 135-159.
  • Başer, K.H.C. (2009). Aynısafa (Calendula officinalis L.), papatyagiller (Asteraceae) aile. Bağbahçe 21. Baydar, H. (2019). Tıbbi, Aromatik ve Aromatik Bitkiler Bilimi ve Teknolojisi. 7. Basım, Yayın No: 2328, Isparta. ISBN: 978-605-7846-38-9.
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Türkiyede bitkiler ile tedavi (geçmişte ve bugün), 40, İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Bruneton, J. (1995). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing Inc.
  • Danielski, L., Campos, L. M., Bresciani, L. F., Hense, H., Yunes, R. A. & Ferreira, S. R. (2007). Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) oleoresin: solubility in SC-CO2 and composition profile, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 46 (2), 99-106.
  • Deniz, L., Serteser, A. & Kargıoğlu, M. (2010). Uşak Üniversitesi ve yakın çevresindeki bazı bitkilerin mahalli adları ve etnobotanik özellikleri, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10 (1), 57-72.
  • EP6 (2007).European Pharmacopoeia Sixth Edition, Council of Europe, Strasbourg: France.
  • Faydaoğlu, E. & Sürücüoğlu, M. S. (2011). Geçmişten Günümüze Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kullanılması ve Ekonomik Önemi. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty , 11 (1) , 52-67.
  • Gruenwald, J., Brendler, T. & Jaenicke, C. (2004). PDR for Herbal Medicines Londra, Thomson Healthcare, 546-548. Gazim, Z. C., Rezende, C. M., Fraga, S. R., Dias Filho, B. P., Nakamura, C. V. & Cortez, D. A. G. (2008). Analysis of the essential oils from Calendula officinalis growing in Brazil using three different extraction procedures, Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 44 (3), 391-395.
  • Honório, I. C. G., Bonfim, F. P. G., Montoya, S. G., Casali, V. W. D., Leite, J. P. V. & Cecon, P. R. (2016). Growth, development and content of flavonoids in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 38 (1), 69-75.
  • Kan, Y., Arslan, N., Altun, L. & Kartal, M. 2004, Türkiye’de Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kültürünün Önemi XV. Bitkisel İlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı, 53-63.
  • Khalid, K. A. & da Silva, J. A. T. (2010). Yield, essential oil and pigment content of Calendula officinalis L. flower heads cultivated under salt stress conditions, Scientia horticulturae, 126 (2), 297-305.
  • Khalid, K. A. & da Silva, J. T. (2012). Biology of Calendula officinalis Linn.: focus on pharmacology, biological activities and agronomic practices. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 6 (1), 12-27.
  • Król, B. (2012). Yield and chemical composition of flower heads of selected cultivars of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 11 (1), 215-225.
  • Kemper, K. J. (1999). Calendula, The Longwood Herbal Task Force and The Center for Holistic Pediatric Education and Research, 1-13.
  • Miguel, M. G., Duarte, F., Venâncio, F. & Tavares, R. (2004). Composition of the essential oils from Portuguese Thymus albicans collected at different regions of Ria Formosa (Algarve). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16 (4), 308-311.
  • Muley, B.P., Khadabadi, S.S. & Banarase, N.B. (2009). Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): a review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, October, 8 (5): 455- 465.
  • Okoh, O., Sadimenko, A. & Afolayan, A. (2007). The effects of age on the yield and composition of the essential oils of Calendula officinalis, Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(23): 3806- 3810.
  • Okoh, O., Sadimenko, A., Asekun, O. & Afolayan, A. (2008). The effects of drying on the chemical components of essential oils of Calendula officinalis L. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (10),1500-1502.
  • Orhan, I., Şenol, F., Gülpinar, A., Kartal, M., Şekeroglu, N., Deveci, M., Kan, Y. & Şener, B. (2009). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant properties of Cyclotrichium niveum, Thymus praecox subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus, Echinacea purpurea and E. pallida, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47 (6), 1304-1310.
  • Ourabia, I., Djebbar, R., Tata, S., Sabaou, N. & Djebbar, D., (2019). Determination of essential oil composition, phenolic content and antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivated in Algeria, Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 11(2): 93- 110.
  • Rigane, G., Ben, Y., Ghazghazi, H. & Ben, S. (2013). Investigation into the biological activities and chemical composition of Calendula officinalis L. growing in Tunisia. International Food Research Journal, 20 (6), 3001-3007.
  • Wilen, R., Barl, B., Slinkard, A. & Bandara, M. (2004). Feasibility of cultivation calendula as a dual purpose industrial oilseed and medicinal crop, Acta Horticulturae, 199-206.
  • Willuhn, G. & Westhau, R.G. (1987). Loliolide (Calendin) from Calendula officinalis, Planta medica. Downloaded by: University of Arizona Library. Copyrighted material.
  • Woisky, R. G. & Salatino, A. (1998). Analysis of propolis: some parameters and procedures for chemical quality control, Journal of apicultural research, 37 (2), 99-105.
  • Yetiş, Z. (2019). Bitki sıklıklarının aynısefa (Calendula officinalis L.) bitkisinde çiçek verimi ve bazı etken maddeler üzerine etkileri. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Samsun.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

İrem Ayran 0000-0002-8005-8231

Yüksel Kan 0000-0002-1095-2326

Project Number 2016-ÖYP-035 nolu Yükseklisans Tezi
Publication Date July 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ayran, İ., & Kan, Y. (2023). Konya Ekolojik Şartlarında Kültürü Yapılan Aynısefa (Calendula officinalis L.) Bitkisinin Farklı Ekim Zamanlarının Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 12(1), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1124583