Abstract
Fertilization can improve survival and growth of tree
seedlings, and their tolerance to pests in the forest, and may mitigate impact
of climate change on trees. Positive effects of fertilization on young
seedlings are even more pronounced in fast-growing tree species. Control-release
fertilizers are superior to the traditional agricultural fertilizers, providing
tree seedlings a slow, sustainable, and safe nutritional support. Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a native and
important element of the moist western Black Sea Region forests of Turkey. This
broadleaved tree species grows fast and has important ecologic and economic
functions and services. This papers reports the fifth-year results of a young
wild cherry plantation fertilized at different rates with a control-release
fertilizer on a mesic western Black Sea Region site. A control-release
fertilizer (Basacote® Plus 6 M, COMPO Benelux, Belgium) was applied in a
one-year old wild cherry plantation at five different rates (0, 80, 160, 240 ve
320 g seedlings-1) in the spring of 2009. Five years after treatment
(YAT), fertilizer rates did not make a significant effect on survival and
growth for wild cherry. Earlier positive fertilization effects on seedling growth
reported two YAT did not appear to be sustained after five years. The toxic effect of high-rate fertilizer in the
early assessment was also noted to a lesser degree five YAT. Mechanism by which
control-release fertilizer affects survival and growth of young wild cherry
seedlings seems to be complex and/or site-specific. Inherent site fertility and
lack of successive fertilization might account for the lack survival and growth
enhancement in cherry by fertilization.
References
- Anonymous. 2008. Akçakoca Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Bendere Amenajman Planı (2008-2027). Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
- Brix, H. 1983. Effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization on growth of Douglas-fir: Relative contribution of foliage quantity and efficiency, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 13(1):167-175.
- Brockley, R.P. 1988. The Effects of Fertilization on the Early Growth of Planted Seedlings: A Problem Analysis. For. Can. and B.C. Min. For., Res. Br., FRDA Report 011, Victoria, B.C.
- Burdett, A.N. 1990. Physiological processes in plantation establishment and the development of specifications for forest planting stock. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20:415–427.
- Cochran, P.H., Newman, R.P., Barrett J.W. 1991. Fertilization and Spacing Effects on Growth of Planted Ponderosa Pine. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Research Note, PNW-RN-500:1-16.
- Eşen, D., Ediş, S., Esen, U., Çetintaş, C., Yıldız, O. 2012. Early effects of a control-release fertilizer on the survival and growth of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings in Düzce. Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 14:77-83.
- Eşen, D., Yıldız O., Kulaç, Ş., Sargıncı, M. 2005. Türkiye ormanlarının ihmal edilen değerli yapraklı türü yabani kiraz. TBMMO Orman Mühendisleri Odası Dergisi, 4-5-6:18-22.
- From, F., Strengbom, J., Nordin, A. 2015. Residual long-term effects of forest fertilization on tree growth and nitrogen turnover in boreal forest. Forests, 6:1145-1156.
- Hedwall, P.O., Gong, P., Ingerslev, M., Bergh, J. 2014. Fertilization in northern forests–biological, economic and environmental constraints and possibilities. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 29(4):301–311.
- Hyvönen, R., Persson, T., Andersson, S., Olsson, B., Ågren, GI., Linder, S. 2008. Impact of long-term nitrogen addition on carbon stocks in trees and soils in northern Europe. Biogeochemistry, 89:121–137.
- Jacobs, D.F., Salifu, K.F., Seifert, J.R. 2005. Growth and nutritional response of hardwood seedlings to controlled-release fertilization at outplanting. Forest Ecology and Management, 214(1-3): 28-39.
- Nilsson, U., Allen, H.L. 2003. Short- and long-term effects of site preparation, fertilization and vegetation control on growth and stand development of planted loblolly pine. Forest Ecology and Management, 175:367-377.
- Oskarsson H., Sigurgeirsson, A., Raulund-Rasmussen, K. 2006. Survival, growth, and nutrition of tree seedlings fertilized at planting on andisol soils in Iceland: Six-year results. Forest Ecology and Management, 229: 88–97.
- Yildiz, O., Esen, D., Karaoz, O., Sarginci, M., Toprak, B., Soysal, Y. 2010. Effects of different site preparation methods on soil carbon and nutrient removal from eastern beech regeneration sites in Turkey’s Black Sea Region. Applied Soil Ecology, 45(1):49-55.
- SAS Institute Inc. 1996. SAS ⁄ STAT Users Guide. Version 6.12, Cary, NC, USA:SAS Institute.
- URL1, 2016, http://www.ilpas.com/pdf/Folder_Basacote.pdf.
Abstract
Gübreleme
fidan yaşama yüzdesi ve büyümesini ile fidanların zararlılara dayanıklılığını
artırmakla beraber iklim değişikliğinin ağaçlar üzerindeki etkisini ise
azaltabilmektedir. Gübrelemenin genç
fidanlar üzerindeki olumlu etkileri özellikle hızlı gelişen türlerde ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Geleneksel tarım gübrelerine kıyasla, kontrollü salınımlı gübreler
fidanlara yavaş, devamlı ve güvenilir bir besin takviyesi sağlamaktadır. Yabani
kiraz (Prunus avium L.) Türkiye’nin nemli Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi
ormanlarının önemli ve doğal bir unsurudur. Hızlı gelişen bu yapraklı ağaç türü
topluma birçok ekolojik ve ekonomik fayda ve hizmet sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada,
2009 ilkbaharında Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki bir yaşında fidanlarla kurulan
yabani kiraz dikim sahasında beş farklı dozda (0, 80, 160, 240 ve 320 g fidan-1)
uygulanan kontrollü salınımlı bir gübrenin (Basacote® Plus 6 M, COMPO Benelux,
Belçika) beşinci yıl sonuçları ele alınmıştır.
Denemeden beş yıl sonra, farklı gübre dozlarının yabani kiraz yaşama
yüzdesi ve büyümesi üzerinde önemli bir etki yapmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Denemenin ikinci yılında, yabani kiraz
büyümesinde görülen önemli olumlu etkiler denemenin beşinci yılında
kaybolmuştur. Önceki değerlendirmede de not
edilen yüksek dozlu gübrelemenin fidan değişkenleri üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi azalmakla
beraber beşinci yılsonunda da görülmüştür. Kontrollü salınımlı gübrelemenin,
yaban kiraz yaşama yüzdesi ve büyümesi üzerindeki etkisinin karmaşık ve sahaya
özgü bir mekanizmaya sahip olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Sahada mevcut yetişme ortamı
verimliliği ile gübrelemenin tek bir yılda yapılması ve sonrasında
tekrarlanmaması bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçları etkileyen etmenler olabilir.
References
- Anonymous. 2008. Akçakoca Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Bendere Amenajman Planı (2008-2027). Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
- Brix, H. 1983. Effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization on growth of Douglas-fir: Relative contribution of foliage quantity and efficiency, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 13(1):167-175.
- Brockley, R.P. 1988. The Effects of Fertilization on the Early Growth of Planted Seedlings: A Problem Analysis. For. Can. and B.C. Min. For., Res. Br., FRDA Report 011, Victoria, B.C.
- Burdett, A.N. 1990. Physiological processes in plantation establishment and the development of specifications for forest planting stock. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20:415–427.
- Cochran, P.H., Newman, R.P., Barrett J.W. 1991. Fertilization and Spacing Effects on Growth of Planted Ponderosa Pine. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Research Note, PNW-RN-500:1-16.
- Eşen, D., Ediş, S., Esen, U., Çetintaş, C., Yıldız, O. 2012. Early effects of a control-release fertilizer on the survival and growth of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings in Düzce. Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 14:77-83.
- Eşen, D., Yıldız O., Kulaç, Ş., Sargıncı, M. 2005. Türkiye ormanlarının ihmal edilen değerli yapraklı türü yabani kiraz. TBMMO Orman Mühendisleri Odası Dergisi, 4-5-6:18-22.
- From, F., Strengbom, J., Nordin, A. 2015. Residual long-term effects of forest fertilization on tree growth and nitrogen turnover in boreal forest. Forests, 6:1145-1156.
- Hedwall, P.O., Gong, P., Ingerslev, M., Bergh, J. 2014. Fertilization in northern forests–biological, economic and environmental constraints and possibilities. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 29(4):301–311.
- Hyvönen, R., Persson, T., Andersson, S., Olsson, B., Ågren, GI., Linder, S. 2008. Impact of long-term nitrogen addition on carbon stocks in trees and soils in northern Europe. Biogeochemistry, 89:121–137.
- Jacobs, D.F., Salifu, K.F., Seifert, J.R. 2005. Growth and nutritional response of hardwood seedlings to controlled-release fertilization at outplanting. Forest Ecology and Management, 214(1-3): 28-39.
- Nilsson, U., Allen, H.L. 2003. Short- and long-term effects of site preparation, fertilization and vegetation control on growth and stand development of planted loblolly pine. Forest Ecology and Management, 175:367-377.
- Oskarsson H., Sigurgeirsson, A., Raulund-Rasmussen, K. 2006. Survival, growth, and nutrition of tree seedlings fertilized at planting on andisol soils in Iceland: Six-year results. Forest Ecology and Management, 229: 88–97.
- Yildiz, O., Esen, D., Karaoz, O., Sarginci, M., Toprak, B., Soysal, Y. 2010. Effects of different site preparation methods on soil carbon and nutrient removal from eastern beech regeneration sites in Turkey’s Black Sea Region. Applied Soil Ecology, 45(1):49-55.
- SAS Institute Inc. 1996. SAS ⁄ STAT Users Guide. Version 6.12, Cary, NC, USA:SAS Institute.
- URL1, 2016, http://www.ilpas.com/pdf/Folder_Basacote.pdf.
Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 15, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 Volume: 18 Issue: 2 |
Bartin Orman Fakultesi Dergisi Editorship,
Bartin University, Faculty of Forestry, Dean Floor No:106, Agdaci District, 74100 Bartin-Turkey.
Fax: +90 (378) 223 5077, Fax: +90 (378) 223 5062,
E-mail: bofdergi@gmail.com