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Konya ve Karaman’daki Yabani Bitkilerden Faydalı Rizobakterilerin İzole Edilmesi ve Bazı Etki Mekanizmalarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 102 - 111, 28.12.2022

Osman Yener Ahmet Eşitken

Abstract

Bu çalışma 2020 yılında Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Bitki Sağlığı laboratuvarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Konya ve Karaman illerinin muhtelif bölgelerindeki kültüre alınmamış tamamen doğal şartlarda yetişmiş ve özellikle de toprak yapısı olarak sıkıntılı (kuraklık, tuz, kireç vb) bölgelerdeki farklı bitkilerin kök bölgesinden alınan topraklardaki rizobakterilerin izolasyonu, patojenite testleri, tanımlanması, ACC deaminaz etkinliği, azot fiksetme, fosforu çözme, potasyumu çözme ve kalsiyumu kullanma özellikleri belirlenmiştir. 29 bitkinin rizosfer bölgesinden alınan toprak örneklerinde toplam 110 bakteri izole edilmiştir. Bakterilerin tamamı potajenite bakımından negatif sonuç vermiştir. ACC deaminaz aktivitesi yönünden 35 bakteri straini kuvvetli pozitif, 16 strain pozitif, 59 strain ise negatif sonuç vermiştir. Azot fikse etme özelliği yönünden 48 strain kuvvetli pozitif, 42 strain pozitif, 18 strain zayıf pozitif, 2 strain ise negatif sonuç vermiştir. Fosforu çözme özelliği yönünden 4 strain kuvvetli pozitif, 21 strain pozitif, 29 strain zayıf pozitif, 56 strain ise negatif sonuç vermiştir. Potasyumu çözme özelliği yönünden 1 strain zayıf pozitif, 109 strain ise negatif sonuç vermiştir. Kalsiyumu kullanma özelliği yönünden bütün strainler negatif sonuç vermiştir. Sonuç olarak izole ettiğimiz bakterilerin potasyum çözme ve kalsiyumu kullanma özellikleri bakımından negatif sonuç verip ACC deaminaz etkinliği, azot fiksetme ve fosforu çözme özellikleri bakımından pozitif sonuç vermeleri yaşadıkları ortamda canlılıklarını devam ettirebilmek için ihtiyaç duyulan karakterlerini geliştirdikleri yönünde kanaatin oluşmasına yol açmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak faydalı rizobakteri izolasyon çalışmalarında bu durumun dikkate alınarak uygun alanlarda çalışmanın daha faydalı olacağı söylenebilir.

Keywords

ACC deaminaz Azot Fiksetme BBAR Fosfor Çözme Rizobakteri

Supporting Institution

Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü

Project Number

TAGEM/BBAD/A/21/A1/P3/2427

References

  • Antoun, H. ve Prévost, D. (2005). Ecology of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, In: PGPR: Biocontrol and biofertilization, Eds: Springer, p. 1-38.
  • Arora, N. K., Tewari, S., Singh, S., Lal, N. ve Maheshwari, D. K. (2012). PGPR for protection of plant health under saline conditions, Bacteria in agrobiology: stress management, 239-258.
  • Bagyalakshmi, B., Ponmurugan, P. ve Balamurugan, A. (2017). Potassium solubilization, plant growth promoting substances by potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from southern Indian Tea plantation soil, Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology, 12, 116-124.
  • Barriuso, J., Pereyra, M., García, J. L., Megias, M., Manero, F. G. ve Ramos, B. (2005). Screening for putative PGPR to improve establishment of the symbiosis Lactarius deliciosus-Pinus sp, Microbial ecology, 50 (1), 82-89.
  • Bashan, Y., Holguin, G. ve Lifshitz, R. (1993). Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Methods in plant molecular biology and biotechnology, 331-345.
  • Bhattacharyya, P. N. ve Jha, D. K. (2012). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28 (4), 1327-1350.
  • Çakmakçı, D. R. (2015). Bitki gelişmesini teşvik edici bakterilerin çayda gelişme, verim, bazı kalite parametreleri ve enzim aktivitelerine etkilerinin araştırılması.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Ertürk, Y., Dönmez, M. F., Mustafa, E., Kutlu, M., Sekban, R. ve Haznedar, A. (2012). Azot fikseri ve fosfat çözücü bakterilerin Muradiye 10 çay klonunda gelişme, verim ve besin alımı üzerine etkisi, International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 5 (2), 176-181.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Kotan, R., Atasever, A., Mustafa, E., Türkyılmaz, K., Sekban, R. ve Haznedar, A. ( 2017). Çayda Besin Alımı, Gelişme, Enzim Aktivitesi ve Verimim Artırılması İçin Farklı Bitki Büyümesini Teşvik Edici Bakterilerin Birlikte Aşılamasının Etkinliği, Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26, 86-91.
  • De Freitas, J., Banerjee, M. ve Germida, J. (1997). Phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria enhance the growth and yield but not phosphorus uptake of canola (Brassica napus L.), Biology and Fertility of Soils, 24 (4), 358-364.
  • Djordjevic, M. A., Gabriel, D. W. ve Rolfe, B. G. (1987). Rhizobium-the refined parasite of legumes, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 25 (1), 145-168.
  • Döbereiner, J. (1989). Isolation and identification of root associated diazotrophs, In: Nitrogen fixation with non-legumes, Eds: Springer, p. 103-108.
  • Duan, J., Müller, K., Charles, T., Vesely, S. ve Glick, B. (2006). 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase genes in Rhizobia: Isolation, characterization and regulation, Proceedings of the 7th International PGPR Workshop (50 pp). Amsterdam.
  • Esitken, A., Pirlak, L., Turan, M. ve Sahin, F. (2006). Effects of floral and foliar application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrition of sweet cherry, Scientia Horticulturae, 110 (4), 324-327.
  • Ferreira, M., Fernandes, M. ve Döbereiner, J. (1987). Role of Azospirillum brasilense nitrate reductase in nitrate assimilation by wheat plants, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 4 (1-2), 47-53.
  • Garcı́a, J. A. L., Domenech, J., Santamarı́a, C., Camacho, M. a., Daza, A. ve Mañero, F. J. G. (2004). Growth of forest plants (pine and holm-oak) inoculated with rhizobacteria: relationship with microbial community structure and biological activity of its rhizosphere, Environmental and experimental botany, 52 (3), 239-251.
  • Glick, B. R. (1995). The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 41 (2), 109-117.
  • Glick, B. R., Penrose, D. M. ve Li, J. (1998). A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth-promoting bacteria, Journal of theoretical biology, 190 (1), 63-68.
  • Grichko, V. P. ve Glick, B. R. (2001). Amelioration of flooding stress by ACC deaminase-containingplant growth-promoting bacteria, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 39 (1), 11-17.
  • İmriz, G., Özdemir, F., Topal, İ., Ercan, B., Taş, M., Yakışır, E. ve Okur, O. (2014). Bitkisel üretimde bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakteri (PGPR)'ler ve etki mekanizmaları, Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 12 (2), 1-19.
  • Kaya Özdoğan, D. (2020). Ankara ili topraklarından bitki büyümesini teşvik edici bakterilerin izolasyonu, tanımlanması ve genetik çeşitliliklerinin belirlenmesi.
  • Klement, Z. ve Goodman, R. (1967). The hypersensitive reaction to infection by bacterial plant pathogens, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 5 (1), 17-44.
  • Kloepper, J., Schroth, M. ve Miller, T. (1980). Effects of rhizosphere colonization by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on potato plant development and yield, Phytopathology, 70 (11), 1078-1082.
  • Kumar, V. ve Narula, N. (1999). Solubilization of inorganic phosphates and growth emergence of wheat as affected by Azotobacter chroococcum mutants, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 28 (3), 301-305.
  • Lelliott, R. A. ve Stead, D. E. (1987). Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases of plants, Blackwell Scientific Publications, p.
  • Lucy, M., Reed, E. ve Glick, B. R. (2004). Applications of free living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Antonie van leeuwenhoek, 86 (1), 1-25.
  • Ma, L., Ruan, J., Yang, Y., Han, W. ve Shi, Y. (2005). Effect of magnesium nutrition on the formation and transport of free amino acids in tea plants, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Innovation in Tea Science and Sustainable Development in Tea Industry, 10-15.
  • Maurya, B., Meena, V. S. ve Meena, O. (2014). Influence of Inceptisol and Alfisol’s potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) isolates on release of K from waste mica, Vegetos, 27 (1), 181-187.
  • Meena, V., Maurya, B. ve Bahadur, I. (2014a). Potassium solubilization by bacterial strain in waste mica, Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 43 (2), 235-237.
  • Meena, V. S., Maurya, B. ve Verma, J. P. (2014b). Does a rhizospheric microorganism enhance K+ availability in agricultural soils?, Microbiological research, 169 (5-6), 337-347.
  • Meena, V. S., Maurya, B. R., Verma, J. P. ve Meena, R. S. (2016). Potassium solubilizing microorganisms for sustainable agriculture, Springer, p, 331.
  • Nautiyal, C. S. (1999). An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, FEMS microbiology Letters, 170 (1), 265-270.
  • Okon, Y. ve Kapulnik, Y. (1986). Development and function ofAzospirillum-inoculated roots, Plant and soil, 90 (1-3), 3-16.
  • Parmar, P. ve Sindhu, S. (2013). Potassium solubilization by rhizosphere bacteria: influence of nutritional and environmental conditions, J Microbiol Res, 3 (1), 25-31.
  • Penrose, D. M., Moffatt, B. A. ve Glick, B. R. (2001). Determination of 1-aminocycopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to assess the effects of ACC deaminase-containing bacteria on roots of canola seedlings, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 47 (1), 77-80.
  • Penrose, D. M. ve Glick, B. R. (2003). Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminase‐containing plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, Physiologia Plantarum, 118 (1), 10-15.
  • Ram, R., Maji, C. ve Bindroo, B. (2013). Role of PGPR in different crops-an overview, Indian Journal of Sericulture, 52 (1), 1-13.
  • Rangarajan, S., Saleena, L. M., Vasudevan, P. ve Nair, S. (2003). Biological suppression of rice diseases by Pseudomonas spp. under saline soil conditions, Plant and soil, 251 (1), 73-82.
  • Riggs, P. J., Chelius, M. K., Iniguez, A. L., Kaeppler, S. M. ve Triplett, E. W. (2001). Enhanced maize productivity by inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria, Functional Plant Biology, 28 (9), 829-836.
  • Safronova, V. I., Stepanok, V. V., Engqvist, G. L., Alekseyev, Y. V. ve Belimov, A. A. (2006). Root-associated bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase improve growth and nutrient uptake by pea genotypes cultivated in cadmium supplemented soil, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 42 (3), 267-272.
  • Sasser, M. (1990). Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids, MIDI technical note 101. Newark, DE: MIDI inc.
  • Sparks, D. ve Huang, P. (1985). Physical chemistry of soil potassium, Potassium in agriculture, 201-276.
  • Whitelaw, M. A. (1999). Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing fungi, In: Advances in agronomy, Eds: Elsevier, p. 99-151.
  • Xiao, Y., Wang, X., Chen, W. ve Huang, Q. (2017). Isolation and identification of three potassium-solubilizing bacteria from rape rhizospheric soil and their effects on ryegrass, Geomicrobiology Journal, 34 (10), 873-880.
  • Yadav, K. ve Dadarwal, K. (1997). Phosphate solubilization and mobilization through soil microorganisms, Biotechnological approaches in soil microorganisms for sustainable crop production, 293-308.
  • Yılmaz, S., Dönmez, M. F. ve Çoruh, İ. (2020). Farklı lokasyonlarda yabani bitki türlerinden izole edilen bakterilerin tanısı ve azot fikse etme, fosfor, potasyum ve kalsiyum çözme özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Journal of Agriculture, 3 (2), 71-90.

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 102 - 111, 28.12.2022

Osman Yener Ahmet Eşitken

Abstract

Project Number

TAGEM/BBAD/A/21/A1/P3/2427

References

  • Antoun, H. ve Prévost, D. (2005). Ecology of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, In: PGPR: Biocontrol and biofertilization, Eds: Springer, p. 1-38.
  • Arora, N. K., Tewari, S., Singh, S., Lal, N. ve Maheshwari, D. K. (2012). PGPR for protection of plant health under saline conditions, Bacteria in agrobiology: stress management, 239-258.
  • Bagyalakshmi, B., Ponmurugan, P. ve Balamurugan, A. (2017). Potassium solubilization, plant growth promoting substances by potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from southern Indian Tea plantation soil, Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology, 12, 116-124.
  • Barriuso, J., Pereyra, M., García, J. L., Megias, M., Manero, F. G. ve Ramos, B. (2005). Screening for putative PGPR to improve establishment of the symbiosis Lactarius deliciosus-Pinus sp, Microbial ecology, 50 (1), 82-89.
  • Bashan, Y., Holguin, G. ve Lifshitz, R. (1993). Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Methods in plant molecular biology and biotechnology, 331-345.
  • Bhattacharyya, P. N. ve Jha, D. K. (2012). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28 (4), 1327-1350.
  • Çakmakçı, D. R. (2015). Bitki gelişmesini teşvik edici bakterilerin çayda gelişme, verim, bazı kalite parametreleri ve enzim aktivitelerine etkilerinin araştırılması.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Ertürk, Y., Dönmez, M. F., Mustafa, E., Kutlu, M., Sekban, R. ve Haznedar, A. (2012). Azot fikseri ve fosfat çözücü bakterilerin Muradiye 10 çay klonunda gelişme, verim ve besin alımı üzerine etkisi, International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 5 (2), 176-181.
  • Çakmakçı, R., Kotan, R., Atasever, A., Mustafa, E., Türkyılmaz, K., Sekban, R. ve Haznedar, A. ( 2017). Çayda Besin Alımı, Gelişme, Enzim Aktivitesi ve Verimim Artırılması İçin Farklı Bitki Büyümesini Teşvik Edici Bakterilerin Birlikte Aşılamasının Etkinliği, Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26, 86-91.
  • De Freitas, J., Banerjee, M. ve Germida, J. (1997). Phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria enhance the growth and yield but not phosphorus uptake of canola (Brassica napus L.), Biology and Fertility of Soils, 24 (4), 358-364.
  • Djordjevic, M. A., Gabriel, D. W. ve Rolfe, B. G. (1987). Rhizobium-the refined parasite of legumes, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 25 (1), 145-168.
  • Döbereiner, J. (1989). Isolation and identification of root associated diazotrophs, In: Nitrogen fixation with non-legumes, Eds: Springer, p. 103-108.
  • Duan, J., Müller, K., Charles, T., Vesely, S. ve Glick, B. (2006). 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase genes in Rhizobia: Isolation, characterization and regulation, Proceedings of the 7th International PGPR Workshop (50 pp). Amsterdam.
  • Esitken, A., Pirlak, L., Turan, M. ve Sahin, F. (2006). Effects of floral and foliar application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrition of sweet cherry, Scientia Horticulturae, 110 (4), 324-327.
  • Ferreira, M., Fernandes, M. ve Döbereiner, J. (1987). Role of Azospirillum brasilense nitrate reductase in nitrate assimilation by wheat plants, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 4 (1-2), 47-53.
  • Garcı́a, J. A. L., Domenech, J., Santamarı́a, C., Camacho, M. a., Daza, A. ve Mañero, F. J. G. (2004). Growth of forest plants (pine and holm-oak) inoculated with rhizobacteria: relationship with microbial community structure and biological activity of its rhizosphere, Environmental and experimental botany, 52 (3), 239-251.
  • Glick, B. R. (1995). The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 41 (2), 109-117.
  • Glick, B. R., Penrose, D. M. ve Li, J. (1998). A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth-promoting bacteria, Journal of theoretical biology, 190 (1), 63-68.
  • Grichko, V. P. ve Glick, B. R. (2001). Amelioration of flooding stress by ACC deaminase-containingplant growth-promoting bacteria, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 39 (1), 11-17.
  • İmriz, G., Özdemir, F., Topal, İ., Ercan, B., Taş, M., Yakışır, E. ve Okur, O. (2014). Bitkisel üretimde bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakteri (PGPR)'ler ve etki mekanizmaları, Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 12 (2), 1-19.
  • Kaya Özdoğan, D. (2020). Ankara ili topraklarından bitki büyümesini teşvik edici bakterilerin izolasyonu, tanımlanması ve genetik çeşitliliklerinin belirlenmesi.
  • Klement, Z. ve Goodman, R. (1967). The hypersensitive reaction to infection by bacterial plant pathogens, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 5 (1), 17-44.
  • Kloepper, J., Schroth, M. ve Miller, T. (1980). Effects of rhizosphere colonization by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on potato plant development and yield, Phytopathology, 70 (11), 1078-1082.
  • Kumar, V. ve Narula, N. (1999). Solubilization of inorganic phosphates and growth emergence of wheat as affected by Azotobacter chroococcum mutants, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 28 (3), 301-305.
  • Lelliott, R. A. ve Stead, D. E. (1987). Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases of plants, Blackwell Scientific Publications, p.
  • Lucy, M., Reed, E. ve Glick, B. R. (2004). Applications of free living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Antonie van leeuwenhoek, 86 (1), 1-25.
  • Ma, L., Ruan, J., Yang, Y., Han, W. ve Shi, Y. (2005). Effect of magnesium nutrition on the formation and transport of free amino acids in tea plants, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Innovation in Tea Science and Sustainable Development in Tea Industry, 10-15.
  • Maurya, B., Meena, V. S. ve Meena, O. (2014). Influence of Inceptisol and Alfisol’s potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) isolates on release of K from waste mica, Vegetos, 27 (1), 181-187.
  • Meena, V., Maurya, B. ve Bahadur, I. (2014a). Potassium solubilization by bacterial strain in waste mica, Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 43 (2), 235-237.
  • Meena, V. S., Maurya, B. ve Verma, J. P. (2014b). Does a rhizospheric microorganism enhance K+ availability in agricultural soils?, Microbiological research, 169 (5-6), 337-347.
  • Meena, V. S., Maurya, B. R., Verma, J. P. ve Meena, R. S. (2016). Potassium solubilizing microorganisms for sustainable agriculture, Springer, p, 331.
  • Nautiyal, C. S. (1999). An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, FEMS microbiology Letters, 170 (1), 265-270.
  • Okon, Y. ve Kapulnik, Y. (1986). Development and function ofAzospirillum-inoculated roots, Plant and soil, 90 (1-3), 3-16.
  • Parmar, P. ve Sindhu, S. (2013). Potassium solubilization by rhizosphere bacteria: influence of nutritional and environmental conditions, J Microbiol Res, 3 (1), 25-31.
  • Penrose, D. M., Moffatt, B. A. ve Glick, B. R. (2001). Determination of 1-aminocycopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to assess the effects of ACC deaminase-containing bacteria on roots of canola seedlings, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 47 (1), 77-80.
  • Penrose, D. M. ve Glick, B. R. (2003). Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminase‐containing plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, Physiologia Plantarum, 118 (1), 10-15.
  • Ram, R., Maji, C. ve Bindroo, B. (2013). Role of PGPR in different crops-an overview, Indian Journal of Sericulture, 52 (1), 1-13.
  • Rangarajan, S., Saleena, L. M., Vasudevan, P. ve Nair, S. (2003). Biological suppression of rice diseases by Pseudomonas spp. under saline soil conditions, Plant and soil, 251 (1), 73-82.
  • Riggs, P. J., Chelius, M. K., Iniguez, A. L., Kaeppler, S. M. ve Triplett, E. W. (2001). Enhanced maize productivity by inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria, Functional Plant Biology, 28 (9), 829-836.
  • Safronova, V. I., Stepanok, V. V., Engqvist, G. L., Alekseyev, Y. V. ve Belimov, A. A. (2006). Root-associated bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase improve growth and nutrient uptake by pea genotypes cultivated in cadmium supplemented soil, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 42 (3), 267-272.
  • Sasser, M. (1990). Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids, MIDI technical note 101. Newark, DE: MIDI inc.
  • Sparks, D. ve Huang, P. (1985). Physical chemistry of soil potassium, Potassium in agriculture, 201-276.
  • Whitelaw, M. A. (1999). Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing fungi, In: Advances in agronomy, Eds: Elsevier, p. 99-151.
  • Xiao, Y., Wang, X., Chen, W. ve Huang, Q. (2017). Isolation and identification of three potassium-solubilizing bacteria from rape rhizospheric soil and their effects on ryegrass, Geomicrobiology Journal, 34 (10), 873-880.
  • Yadav, K. ve Dadarwal, K. (1997). Phosphate solubilization and mobilization through soil microorganisms, Biotechnological approaches in soil microorganisms for sustainable crop production, 293-308.
  • Yılmaz, S., Dönmez, M. F. ve Çoruh, İ. (2020). Farklı lokasyonlarda yabani bitki türlerinden izole edilen bakterilerin tanısı ve azot fikse etme, fosfor, potasyum ve kalsiyum çözme özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Journal of Agriculture, 3 (2), 71-90.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Research
Authors

Osman Yener

Ahmet Eşitken 0000-0002-6140-7782

Project Number TAGEM/BBAD/A/21/A1/P3/2427
Publication Date December 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yener, O., & Eşitken, A. (2022). Konya ve Karaman’daki Yabani Bitkilerden Faydalı Rizobakterilerin İzole Edilmesi ve Bazı Etki Mekanizmalarının Belirlenmesi. Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 11(2), 102-111.
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