Diyarbakır ilinde yetişen badem ağaçlarında sorun olan kök çürüklüğü ve solgunluk hastalık etmenlerinin karakterizasyonu ve yaygınlığı
Abstract
Badem (Prunus dulcis L.) Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin önemli ürünlerinden biridir. Dünya genelinde bademin toprak kökenli fungal hastalık etmenlerinin kayda değer önemli kayıplara sebep olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bademlerde kök çürüklüğü ve solgunluk hastalığına, toprak kaynaklı herhangi bir veya birden fazla türün yer aldığı kombinasyon neden olabilir. Diyarbakır ilinde 2017 bahar döneminde badem bahçelerinde ve fidanlıklarında sürveyler yapılmış, rastgele seçilmiş tatlı badem ağaçları/fidanları, kök-kökboğazı çürüklüğü ve solgunluk hastalıklarına neden olan fungal hastalık etmenlerinin görülme sıklığı ve yaygınlığını değerlendirmek için incelenmiştir. Zayıf gelişmiş, sararmış, solgunluk ve ölüm belirtisi gösteren şüpheli badem ağaçlarının/fidanlarının kök ve kökboğazlarından bitki örnekleri alınmıştır. Sürvey yapılan bölgelerden toplanan hastalık belirtisi gösteren bademlerin kök, kök boğazı ve gövdelerinden yapılan izolasyonlardan elde edilen izolatların patojenisiteleri, morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Şüpheli bitki örneklerinden yapılan izolasyonlar sonucu elde edilen izolatların dağılımına göre en sık rastlanan ve karakterize edilen toprak kaynaklı fungal hastalık etmeni, %28.9 yaygınlık ve %38.0 rastlanma sıklığı ile Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium solgunluğu hastalığı etmeni) olup, bu hastalık etmenini %24.6 yaygınlık ve %21.5 rastlanma sıklığı ile Macrophomina phaseolina (Kömür çürüklüğü hastalığı etmeni), %19.3 yaygınlık ve %11.3 rastlanma sıklığı ile Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Beyaz küf hastalığı etmeni) ve %16.7 yaygınlık ve %18.3 rastlanma sıklığı ile Ceratobasidium sp., (Ceratobasidium kök çürüklüğü hastalığı etmeni) takip etmiştir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, Ceratobasidium sp., F. oxysporum, M. phaseolina ve S. sclerotiorum hastalık etmenlerinin Türkiye'de yetişen bademlerde hastalıklara neden olduğu ilk kez bu çalışmayla bildirilmiştir.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Başkanlığı
Project Number
Proje Numarası: BAP-16444
Thanks
Bu çalışma Zekiye Ceren Aktan’ın Yüksek Lisans tez çalışmasının bir parçası olup, çalışma Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Başkanlığı tarafından finansal olarak desteklenmiştir (Proje Numarası: BAP-16444)
References
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- Mordue, J.E.M., Holliday, P., 1976. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria 513.
- Nelson, P.E., Tousson, T.A., Marasas, W.F.O., 1983. Fusarium species, an illustrated manual for identification, The Pensylvania State University Press.
- O’Donnel, K. 1993. Fusarium and its near relatives. In: The Fungal Holomorphs: Mitotic and Pleomorphic Speciation in Fungal Systematics. Reynolds, D.R, Taylor, J.W., (Eds.). CAB International, Wallingford, 225-233.
- Ogawa, J.M., English, H., 1991. Diseases of temperate zone tree fruit and nut crops. UCANR Publications No.3345. 461 p
- Saroj, A., Kumar, A., Saeed, S. T., Samad, A., Alam, M., 2013. First report of Tagetes erecta damping off caused by Ceratobasidium sp. from India. Plant Disease, 97 (9), 1251.
- Schroeder, K.L., Paulitz, T.C., 2012. First report of root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-10 on canola in Washington State. Plant Disease, 96 (4), 584.
- Türkölmez, Ş., Derviş, S., Çiftçi, O., Ulubaş Serçe, Ç., 2016. First report of Phytophthora chlamydospora causing root and crown rot on Almond (Prunus dulcis) trees in Turkey. Plant Disease, 100 (8), 1796.
- You, J.M., Lin, X.M., Guo, J., Zhang, M. D., Liao, C.L., He, M.J., Sun, Y.L., 2013. First report of root rot on Atractylodes macrocephala (Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome) caused by Ceratobasidium sp. in China. Plant Disease, 97 (1), 139.
- Zhou, H., Gao, Q., Gong, Q.F., Qiu, S., He, J.X., Huang, J., He, Y.Q., 2017. First report of stem and root rot of the medicinal herb Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) caused by Ceratobasidium sp. AG-R in Guangxi, China. Plant Disease, 101 (9), 1679.
- White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., and Taylor, J.W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: A Guide to methods and applications. Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., and White, T.J. (Eds.). Academic Press, Inc., New York, 38: 315–322.
- Wicks, T.J., Lee, T.C., Scott, E.S., 1997. Phytophthora crown rot of almonds in Australia. Bulletin OEPP, 27, 501–506.
Characterization and prevalence of disease agents of root rot and wilt disease on sweet almond trees grown in Diyarbakır province
Abstract
Sweet almond (Prunus dulcis L.) is one of the most important nut fruit growing in South East Anatolia region of Turkey. It has been reported that almond causes significant losses in fungal disease factors of soil origin throughout the world. Root rot and wilt disease of almond may be caused by any single or a combination of several common soilborne fungal species. During the spring of 2017, almond orchards and nurseries located in Diyarbakır province were surveyed to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of the fungal disease agent(s) causing root-foot rot and wilt diseases on randomly selected sweet almond trees/seedlings. Several root and crown tissues were collected from suspecious almond trees/seedlings showing poor growth, yellowing, and wilting and death symptoms. All isolates were subjected to pathogenicity test and all were identified according to morphological and molecular methods. According to the results of fungal isolations from roots, crowns and stems collected from suspicious almond plants indicated that the most frequently encountered soil-borne fungal disease agent isolated and characterised in surveyed districts was Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt disease agent) with the 28.9% prevalence and 38.0% incidence which was followed by Macrophomina phaseolina (Charcoal rot disease agent) with the 24.6% prevalence and 21.5% incidence, Sclerotinia sclerotiorumum (white mold disease agent) with 19.3% prevalence and 11.3% incidence and Ceratobasidium sp. (Ceratobasidium root rot disease agent) with the 16.7% prevalence and 18.3% incidence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Ceratobasidium sp., F. oxysporum, M. phaseolina and S. sclerotiorum causing almond root rot and wilt diseases in Turkey.
Project Number
Proje Numarası: BAP-16444
References
- Anonim, 2018. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. http://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019)
- Anonimous, 2018. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Erişim Tarihi 02.05.2019)
- Akbar, D.I., 2005. Study on decline of almond trees caused by soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi. FAO, AGRIS sitesinden: http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=IR2007000541 (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2019)
- Aslantaş, R., Güleryüz, M., 1999. Almond selection in microclimate areas of Northeast Anatolia. XI. Grempa meeting on Pistacios and Almonds, Univ. of Harran, Faculty of Agric. Pistacio Research and Application Center (1-4 September 1999, Şanlıurfa), p. 91.
- Baiswar, P., Ngachan, S.V., 2018. First report of root and collar rot of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) caused by Ceratobasidium sp. AG-B(o) (Binucleate Rhizoctonia) in India. Plant Disease, 102, 1035.
- Baten, M.D.A., Asano, T., Motohashi, K., Ishiguro, Y., Rahman, M.Z., Inaba, S., Suga, H., Kageyama, K., 2014. Phylogenetic relationships among Phytopythium species, and re-evaluation of Phytopythium fagopyri comb. nov., recovered from damped-off buckwheat seedlings in Japan. Mycological Progress, 13, 1145–1156.
- Beck, J.J., Higbee, B.S., Merrill, G.B., Roitman, J.N., 2008a. Comparison of volatile emissions from undamaged and mechanically damaged almonds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88 (8), 1363-1368.
- Beck, J.J., Merrill, G.B., Palumbo, J.D., O Keeffe, T.L. 2008b. Strain of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from almond hulls produces styrene and 7-Methyl-1,3,5-Cyclooctatriene as the principal volatile components. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56 (23), 11392-11398.
- Browne, G.T., 2017. Resistance to Phytophthora species among rootstocks for cultivated Prunus species. HortScience, 52 (11), 1471-1476.
- Camele I., Marcone, C., Cristinzio, G., 2005. Detection and identification of Phytophthora species in southern Italy by RFLP and sequence analysis of PCR-amplified nuclear ribosomal DNA. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 113, 1-14
- Çeliker, N.M., Poyraz, D., 2007. Muğla İli Datça İlçesinde Badem Ağaçlarında Kurumaya Neden Olan Fungal Hastalıklar Üzerinde Çalışmalar, Türkiye II. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, Isparta.
- Çiftçi, O., Türkölmez, Ş., Derviş, S., Serçe, Ç.U., 2016. First report of canker and root rot of almond caused by Phytophthora plurivora in Turkey. Plant Disease, 100, 1507.
- Dalal, J., Kulkarni, N., 2013. Antagonistic and plant growth promoting potentials of indigenous endophytic bacteria of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril). Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1 (2), 62-69.
- Gouk, C., 2014. Almond diseases and disorders. In: XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes, (IHC2014), 1109 (pp. 249-254).
- Holliday, P., Punithalingam, E., 1970. Macrophomina phaseolina. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, 275, 1-2.
- Horst, R.K., 2008. Host Plants and Their Diseases. In: Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook. Horst, R. K. (Ed.). Springer, Netherlands, 699-1145 p.
- Kurbetli, I., Değirmenci, K., 2010. First report of root and crown rot of almond caused by Phytophthora spp. in Turkey. Plant Disease, 94 (10), 1261-1261.
- Kurbetli, I., Değirmenci, K., 2011. First report of Phytophthora taxon niederhauserii causing decline of almond in Turkey. New Disease Reports, 23, 14.
- Kurbetli, I., Yılmaz, A., 2015. First report of Phytophthora megasperma causing crown and root rot of almond in Turkey. New Disease Reports, 32, 25.
- Martins, M., Sarmento, D., Oliveira, M.M., 2002. Search form olecular markers linked to Fusicoccum tolerance in almond. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Plumand Prune Genetics, Breeding and Pomology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 20–24 August 2001, Acta–Horticulturae, No.577, 87–90.
- Martin F.N., 2003. Development of alternative strategies for management of soilborne pathogens currently controlled with methyl bromide. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 41, 325-350.
- Meza-Moller, A., Rentería-Martínez, M.E., Guerra-Camacho, M.A., Romo-Tamayo, F., Ochoa-Meza, A., Moreno-Salazar, S.F., 2014. First report of root rot of watermelon caused by Ceratobasidium sp. in Sonora, Mexico. Plant Disease, 98 (6), 847.
- Mordue, J.E.M., Holliday, P., 1976. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria 513.
- Nelson, P.E., Tousson, T.A., Marasas, W.F.O., 1983. Fusarium species, an illustrated manual for identification, The Pensylvania State University Press.
- O’Donnel, K. 1993. Fusarium and its near relatives. In: The Fungal Holomorphs: Mitotic and Pleomorphic Speciation in Fungal Systematics. Reynolds, D.R, Taylor, J.W., (Eds.). CAB International, Wallingford, 225-233.
- Ogawa, J.M., English, H., 1991. Diseases of temperate zone tree fruit and nut crops. UCANR Publications No.3345. 461 p
- Saroj, A., Kumar, A., Saeed, S. T., Samad, A., Alam, M., 2013. First report of Tagetes erecta damping off caused by Ceratobasidium sp. from India. Plant Disease, 97 (9), 1251.
- Schroeder, K.L., Paulitz, T.C., 2012. First report of root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-10 on canola in Washington State. Plant Disease, 96 (4), 584.
- Türkölmez, Ş., Derviş, S., Çiftçi, O., Ulubaş Serçe, Ç., 2016. First report of Phytophthora chlamydospora causing root and crown rot on Almond (Prunus dulcis) trees in Turkey. Plant Disease, 100 (8), 1796.
- You, J.M., Lin, X.M., Guo, J., Zhang, M. D., Liao, C.L., He, M.J., Sun, Y.L., 2013. First report of root rot on Atractylodes macrocephala (Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome) caused by Ceratobasidium sp. in China. Plant Disease, 97 (1), 139.
- Zhou, H., Gao, Q., Gong, Q.F., Qiu, S., He, J.X., Huang, J., He, Y.Q., 2017. First report of stem and root rot of the medicinal herb Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) caused by Ceratobasidium sp. AG-R in Guangxi, China. Plant Disease, 101 (9), 1679.
- White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., and Taylor, J.W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: A Guide to methods and applications. Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., and White, T.J. (Eds.). Academic Press, Inc., New York, 38: 315–322.
- Wicks, T.J., Lee, T.C., Scott, E.S., 1997. Phytophthora crown rot of almonds in Australia. Bulletin OEPP, 27, 501–506.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | Proje Numarası: BAP-16444 |
| Publication Date | March 31, 2020 |
| Submission Date | May 7, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | December 2, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 60 Issue: 1 |
