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The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)

Year 2021, Volume: 61 Issue: 4, 46 - 56, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.908510

Abstract

Hoeing time is important in weed management and is effective to reduce weed populations in sunflower cultivation. The study was conducted between 2018-2019 to determine the hoeing times for mechanical weed control in sunflower in Adana province of Turkey. To determine weed control time in experimental fields, weeds were allowed to germinate in natural conditions at intervals between 15 days for mechanical hoeing at the emergence of sunflower to the harvest time. The interactions between weeds and sunflower yield criteria were observed by periodic hoeing treatments. At the end of the experiments, the criteria for sunflower yield, seed yield, oil content, oil quality, head diameter, plant height, weed biomass, and coverages of hoeing time effects were determined. Combining the two-year data, it was observed that the sunflower yield and seed yield were the highest in plots of 75 and 90 days weed-free, while the lowest yield and seed yield were observed in 60, 75, and 90 days weedy. It was determined that the sunflower oil yield was higher in plots of long hoeing period time, but the oil quality did not change. It was found that sunflower height were statistically similar for each year in different hoeing period times, moreover, sunflower head diameter was not affected. In weedy plots with shorter hoeing times, higher weed biomass due to increased weed coverage was noted. As a result, it was determined that long-term hoeing in sunflower weed management increases the yield, and hoeing time is significant in sunflower weed management.

Supporting Institution

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü

Project Number

TAGEM-BSAD/16/1/04/02

Thanks

This study was financially supported by Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM) with the Project number "TAGEM-BSAD/16/1/04/02".

References

  • Arıoğlu H. H., 2007. Yağ Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı Ders Kitabı. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ofset Atölyesi, Adana.
  • Arslan İ., Kara A., 1997. The weed species which are determined in sunflower fields in Tekirdağ Region, their observation, frequency and intensities. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Turkish Herbology Congress, September 1-4, İzmir.
  • Asav Ü., Seri̇m A., 2019. Determination of weed species in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fields in Ankara, Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 59(4), 29-34.
  • Atakişi İ., Turan M., 1989. Marmara Bölgesinde endüstri bitkileri üretimi ve verimlilik sorunları. Marmara Bölgesinde Tarımın Verimlilik Sorunları Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Eylül 25-27, Bursa.
  • Başaran M., Seri̇m A., Asav Ü., 2017. Determination of the yield reductions and economic threshold caused by common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) in sunflower production fields in Ankara. Plant Protection Bulletin, 57(3), 251-262.
  • Cardinali F. J., Orioli G. A., Pereyra V. R., 1986. Effect of plant densities in two sunflower hybrids. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 6(3), 131-139.
  • Çoruh İ., Zengin H., 2009. Determination of the critical period of weed control in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In: Proceedings of the 3th Turkish Plant Protection Congress, July 15-18, Van.
  • D’Alessandro F., Bacchi M., Zora D., 1992. Effects on the productive response of the sunflower to different preparation time of the seed bed and to chemical weed control. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Sunflower Conference, September 7-11, Pisa.
  • Draham S., Dagar J. C., Gangwar B., 1993. Infestation by weeds and their management in oilseed crops - a review. Weed Abstracts, 42, 585.
  • Erol E. H., 2010. The effects of different densities of the common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) on the yield and yield elements of sunflower. Natural and Applied Sciences of Namık Kemal University, MSc Thesis, Tekirdağ.
  • FAO, 2018. Faostat. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Access date: 18.09.2020)
  • Fleck N. G., Mengarde I. P., Pinto J. J. O., 1991. Weed interference in sunflower. Competition in space. Weed Abstracts, 40, 232.
  • Gül V., Öztürk E., Polat T., 2016. The importance of sunflower to overcome deficiency of vegetable oil in Turkey. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 30(1), 70-76.
  • Heydarian H., Hadi M. R. H. S., Mahmoodabadi H. S., Kalateh M. N., 2012. Competitive effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) on three sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4(9), 525-528.
  • Hossein G., Mirshekari B., Hosseinzade M. A. H., Hanafian S. H., 2010. Critical period of weeds control in sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Agroecology Journal (Journal of New Agricultural Science), 5(17), 75-82.
  • İyigün Ö., Özer Z., Kutluk N. D., Konuşuk H., 1997. Studies on the effects of weed competition on sunflower yield around Kazova (Tokat). In: Proceedings of the 2nd Turkish Herbology Congress, September 1-4, İzmir.
  • Johnson B. J., 1973. Weed control system for sunflower. Weed Abstracts, 37, 47.
  • Kara K., 1986. Erzurum ekolojik koşullarında bazı yağlık ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) çeşitlerinin fenolojik, morfolojik özellikleriyle verim ve verim öğeleri üzerinde bir araştırma. Doğa Türk Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi, 1, 366-377.
  • Karabacak S., Uygur F. N., 2017. The most troublesome weed species infesting sunflower fields and their abundance in Çukurova Region. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 20(2), 46-54.
  • Kaya Y., 2016. The current situation and future direction of oil type sunflower production in Turkey. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 25(Special issue-2), 322-327.
  • Kaya Y., Başaran B., Kadıoğlu İ., Kılıç D., Özer E., Altıntaş A., Gökalp S., Mutlu N., 2020. Determination of the critical period for weed control in oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivation in Tokat Province. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 23(2), 81-87.
  • Lacey A. J., 1985. Weed control. In: Pesticide Application Principles and Practice. Haskell P. T. (Eds.). Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, 456-485 p.
  • Odum E. P., 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Sounders Company, Philadelphia, London, Toronto.
  • Oerke E. C., Dehne H. W., Schonbeck F., Weber A., 1994. Crop Production and Crop Protection: Estimated Losses in Major Food and Cash. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
  • Onofri A., Tei F., 1994. Competitive ability and threshold levels of three broadleaf weed species in sunflower. Weed Research, 34(6), 471-479.
  • Özer Z., Kadıoğlu İ., Önen H., Tursun N., 2001. Herboloji (Yabancı Ot Bilimi). Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Tokat.
  • Özkil M., Torun H., Eymirli S., Üremiş İ., Tursun N., 2019. Determination of weed frequencies and densities in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fields in Adana Province. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(2), 87-96.
  • Sağlam C., 1992. A research to determine the effect of different hoeing methods on the yield and yield characteristics of sunflower. Natural Science Institute of Thrace University, MSc Thesis, Edirne.
  • Salera E., 1991. Selective chemical weed control in sunflower crop, results of a three-year experimental period. Helia, 14(15), 87-100.
  • Selbert A. C., Pearce R. B., 1993. Growth analysis of weed and crop species with reference to seed weight. Weed Abstracts, 42, 604.
  • SPSS, 2015. IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, New York.
  • Swanton C. J., Weise S. E., 1991. Integrated weed management: The rationale and approach. Weed Technology, 5(3), 657-663.
  • Tepe I., 2014. Yabancı Otlarla Mücadele. Sidas Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti., Van.
  • TS EN ISO 659, 2009. Turkish Standards Institution, Oilseeds-Determination of oil content (Reference method). https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073084102080071057114067098098110089 (Access date: 15.12.2017)
  • TUIK, 2019. Turkey Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), Crop Production Statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (Access date: 15.12.2020)
  • Tursun N., Karaat E. F., Kutsal K. I., Işık R., Arslan S., Tursun A. Ö., 2017. The effect of flaming and cultivation for weed control in sunflower production. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 20(1), 10-17.
  • Uygur F. N., Koch W., Walter H., 1984. Yabancı Ot Bilimine Giriş PLITS 1984/2(1) Ders Kitabı. Verlag J. Margraf, Stuttgart.
  • Vasilev D. S., Degtyarenko V. A., Rudenko V. N., 1991. Weed control in sunflowers cultivated by industrial technology. Weed Abstracts, 40, 51.
  • Yay Ö. D., 2015. Determination of density and the frequency of occurrence of the important weed species in Edirne Province sunflower fields. Natural and Applied Sciences of Namık Kemal University, MSc Thesis, Tekirdağ.

Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annuus L.) yabancı ot mücadelesinde çapalama süresinin verim ve verim kriterlerine olan etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 61 Issue: 4, 46 - 56, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.908510

Abstract

Ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliğinde yabancı otlarla mücadelede çapalama süresi önemli olup, yabancı ot yoğunluklarının azaltılmasında etkilidir. Bu çalışmada, Adana ili ayçiçeğinde yabancı ot mücadelesi için mekanik çapalama sürelerine olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2018-2019 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme kurulan tarlalarda yabancı ot kontrol zamanlarını belirlemek için ayçiçeğinin çıkışından hasada kadar geçen sürede mekanik çapalamanın 15 gün ara ile etkileri belirlenmiş, yabancı otlanmanın doğal koşullarda oluşması sağlanmıştır. Parseller kurularak, ayçiçeği yetiştirme döneminde periyodik olarak yapılan mekanik çapalamanın yabancı ot-ayçiçeği verim kriterlerine olan etkileşimleri gözlemlenmiştir. Deneme sonunda yabancı otların yaş ağırlığı ve kaplama alanı ile çapalama süresi uzunluğunun ayçiçeği verimi, dane verimi, yağ verimi, yağ kalitesi, tabla çapı ve bitki boyuna olan kriterler belirlenmiştir. İki yıllık çalışma sonucuna göre ayçiçeği verimi ile dane verimi en yüksek 75 ve 90 gün boyunca çapa yapılmış parsellerde olduğu, en düşük ise 60, 75 ve 90 gün boyunca yabancı otlu bırakılan çapa yapılmayan parsellerde olduğu görülmüştür. Yağ veriminin çapa süresi daha uzun bırakılan parsellerde yüksek olduğu, ancak yağ kalitesinin değişmediği saptanmıştır. Çapa süresine bağlı olarak ayçiçeği bitki boy gelişimlerinin birbirine yakın olduğu, tabla çaplarının ise etkilenmediği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Çapa süresi daha az olan yabancı otlu parsellerde yabancı ot kaplama alanlarının artışına bağlı olarak yabancı ot yaş ağırlıklarında da artışların olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ayçiçeğinde yabancı ot yönetiminde uzun süre çapa yapılmasının verimi arttırdığı ve ayçiçeğinde yabancı otlarla mücadelede çapalama süresinin önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Project Number

TAGEM-BSAD/16/1/04/02

References

  • Arıoğlu H. H., 2007. Yağ Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı Ders Kitabı. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ofset Atölyesi, Adana.
  • Arslan İ., Kara A., 1997. The weed species which are determined in sunflower fields in Tekirdağ Region, their observation, frequency and intensities. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Turkish Herbology Congress, September 1-4, İzmir.
  • Asav Ü., Seri̇m A., 2019. Determination of weed species in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fields in Ankara, Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 59(4), 29-34.
  • Atakişi İ., Turan M., 1989. Marmara Bölgesinde endüstri bitkileri üretimi ve verimlilik sorunları. Marmara Bölgesinde Tarımın Verimlilik Sorunları Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Eylül 25-27, Bursa.
  • Başaran M., Seri̇m A., Asav Ü., 2017. Determination of the yield reductions and economic threshold caused by common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) in sunflower production fields in Ankara. Plant Protection Bulletin, 57(3), 251-262.
  • Cardinali F. J., Orioli G. A., Pereyra V. R., 1986. Effect of plant densities in two sunflower hybrids. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 6(3), 131-139.
  • Çoruh İ., Zengin H., 2009. Determination of the critical period of weed control in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In: Proceedings of the 3th Turkish Plant Protection Congress, July 15-18, Van.
  • D’Alessandro F., Bacchi M., Zora D., 1992. Effects on the productive response of the sunflower to different preparation time of the seed bed and to chemical weed control. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Sunflower Conference, September 7-11, Pisa.
  • Draham S., Dagar J. C., Gangwar B., 1993. Infestation by weeds and their management in oilseed crops - a review. Weed Abstracts, 42, 585.
  • Erol E. H., 2010. The effects of different densities of the common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) on the yield and yield elements of sunflower. Natural and Applied Sciences of Namık Kemal University, MSc Thesis, Tekirdağ.
  • FAO, 2018. Faostat. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Access date: 18.09.2020)
  • Fleck N. G., Mengarde I. P., Pinto J. J. O., 1991. Weed interference in sunflower. Competition in space. Weed Abstracts, 40, 232.
  • Gül V., Öztürk E., Polat T., 2016. The importance of sunflower to overcome deficiency of vegetable oil in Turkey. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 30(1), 70-76.
  • Heydarian H., Hadi M. R. H. S., Mahmoodabadi H. S., Kalateh M. N., 2012. Competitive effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) on three sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4(9), 525-528.
  • Hossein G., Mirshekari B., Hosseinzade M. A. H., Hanafian S. H., 2010. Critical period of weeds control in sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Agroecology Journal (Journal of New Agricultural Science), 5(17), 75-82.
  • İyigün Ö., Özer Z., Kutluk N. D., Konuşuk H., 1997. Studies on the effects of weed competition on sunflower yield around Kazova (Tokat). In: Proceedings of the 2nd Turkish Herbology Congress, September 1-4, İzmir.
  • Johnson B. J., 1973. Weed control system for sunflower. Weed Abstracts, 37, 47.
  • Kara K., 1986. Erzurum ekolojik koşullarında bazı yağlık ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) çeşitlerinin fenolojik, morfolojik özellikleriyle verim ve verim öğeleri üzerinde bir araştırma. Doğa Türk Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi, 1, 366-377.
  • Karabacak S., Uygur F. N., 2017. The most troublesome weed species infesting sunflower fields and their abundance in Çukurova Region. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 20(2), 46-54.
  • Kaya Y., 2016. The current situation and future direction of oil type sunflower production in Turkey. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 25(Special issue-2), 322-327.
  • Kaya Y., Başaran B., Kadıoğlu İ., Kılıç D., Özer E., Altıntaş A., Gökalp S., Mutlu N., 2020. Determination of the critical period for weed control in oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivation in Tokat Province. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 23(2), 81-87.
  • Lacey A. J., 1985. Weed control. In: Pesticide Application Principles and Practice. Haskell P. T. (Eds.). Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, 456-485 p.
  • Odum E. P., 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Sounders Company, Philadelphia, London, Toronto.
  • Oerke E. C., Dehne H. W., Schonbeck F., Weber A., 1994. Crop Production and Crop Protection: Estimated Losses in Major Food and Cash. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
  • Onofri A., Tei F., 1994. Competitive ability and threshold levels of three broadleaf weed species in sunflower. Weed Research, 34(6), 471-479.
  • Özer Z., Kadıoğlu İ., Önen H., Tursun N., 2001. Herboloji (Yabancı Ot Bilimi). Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Tokat.
  • Özkil M., Torun H., Eymirli S., Üremiş İ., Tursun N., 2019. Determination of weed frequencies and densities in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fields in Adana Province. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(2), 87-96.
  • Sağlam C., 1992. A research to determine the effect of different hoeing methods on the yield and yield characteristics of sunflower. Natural Science Institute of Thrace University, MSc Thesis, Edirne.
  • Salera E., 1991. Selective chemical weed control in sunflower crop, results of a three-year experimental period. Helia, 14(15), 87-100.
  • Selbert A. C., Pearce R. B., 1993. Growth analysis of weed and crop species with reference to seed weight. Weed Abstracts, 42, 604.
  • SPSS, 2015. IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, New York.
  • Swanton C. J., Weise S. E., 1991. Integrated weed management: The rationale and approach. Weed Technology, 5(3), 657-663.
  • Tepe I., 2014. Yabancı Otlarla Mücadele. Sidas Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti., Van.
  • TS EN ISO 659, 2009. Turkish Standards Institution, Oilseeds-Determination of oil content (Reference method). https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073084102080071057114067098098110089 (Access date: 15.12.2017)
  • TUIK, 2019. Turkey Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT), Crop Production Statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (Access date: 15.12.2020)
  • Tursun N., Karaat E. F., Kutsal K. I., Işık R., Arslan S., Tursun A. Ö., 2017. The effect of flaming and cultivation for weed control in sunflower production. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 20(1), 10-17.
  • Uygur F. N., Koch W., Walter H., 1984. Yabancı Ot Bilimine Giriş PLITS 1984/2(1) Ders Kitabı. Verlag J. Margraf, Stuttgart.
  • Vasilev D. S., Degtyarenko V. A., Rudenko V. N., 1991. Weed control in sunflowers cultivated by industrial technology. Weed Abstracts, 40, 51.
  • Yay Ö. D., 2015. Determination of density and the frequency of occurrence of the important weed species in Edirne Province sunflower fields. Natural and Applied Sciences of Namık Kemal University, MSc Thesis, Tekirdağ.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Hilmi Torun 0000-0001-6730-8809

Mine Özkil 0000-0002-7663-7361

Serdar Eymirli 0000-0003-4364-4095

İlhan Üremiş 0000-0001-5937-9244

Nihat Tursun 0000-0002-8765-0326

Project Number TAGEM-BSAD/16/1/04/02
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date April 2, 2021
Acceptance Date October 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 61 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Torun, H., Özkil, M., Eymirli, S., Üremiş, İ., et al. (2021). The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Protection Bulletin, 61(4), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.908510
AMA Torun H, Özkil M, Eymirli S, Üremiş İ, Tursun N. The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Protection Bulletin. December 2021;61(4):46-56. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.908510
Chicago Torun, Hilmi, Mine Özkil, Serdar Eymirli, İlhan Üremiş, and Nihat Tursun. “The Effect of Hoeing Time for Weed Management on Yield and Yield Criteria of Sunflowers (Helianthus Annuus L.)”. Plant Protection Bulletin 61, no. 4 (December 2021): 46-56. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.908510.
EndNote Torun H, Özkil M, Eymirli S, Üremiş İ, Tursun N (December 1, 2021) The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Protection Bulletin 61 4 46–56.
IEEE H. Torun, M. Özkil, S. Eymirli, İ. Üremiş, and N. Tursun, “The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)”, Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 46–56, 2021, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.908510.
ISNAD Torun, Hilmi et al. “The Effect of Hoeing Time for Weed Management on Yield and Yield Criteria of Sunflowers (Helianthus Annuus L.)”. Plant Protection Bulletin 61/4 (December 2021), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.908510.
JAMA Torun H, Özkil M, Eymirli S, Üremiş İ, Tursun N. The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Protection Bulletin. 2021;61:46–56.
MLA Torun, Hilmi et al. “The Effect of Hoeing Time for Weed Management on Yield and Yield Criteria of Sunflowers (Helianthus Annuus L.)”. Plant Protection Bulletin, vol. 61, no. 4, 2021, pp. 46-56, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.908510.
Vancouver Torun H, Özkil M, Eymirli S, Üremiş İ, Tursun N. The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Protection Bulletin. 2021;61(4):46-5.

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