Determination in Forage Yield and Quality of Chicory and Different Plants Mixtures in Grazing Maturity Period
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine forage yield and quality of chicory (Cichorium inthybus L.) in a pure stand and a simple pasture (two-species) in the grazing maturity period. The experiment design was a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The experimental site was located on the grounds of the Ondokuz Mayıs University Agricultural Faculty during the 2017 and 2018 growing periods. In this study, chicory (C), orchardgrass (OG), and red clover (RC) were grown as forage plant materials in a rainfed cropping system in North Türkiye. Simple pastures comprised of 80%C + 20%OG, 60%C +40%OG, 40%C + 60%OG, 20%C + 80%OG, 80%C + 20%RC, 60%C + 40%RC, 40%C + 60%RC, 20%C + 80%RC. Five sequential harvests were made when chicory plants reached 25 cm of plant height in both years. The average plant height ranged from 17.3 to 35.6 cm, and 29.1 to 38.3 cm in 2017 and 2018 respectively. The highest fresh forage yield was determined in red clover mixtures (6519-5443 kg/da) in 2017 and 80%C+20%RC mixture (as 7137 kg/da) in 2018. Total dry matter production was ranged from 216 to 1238 and 279 to 1164 kg/da in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In pure stand chicory pasture, dry matter production was evaluated 216 kg/da in 2017 and 908 kg/da in 2018. Considering the calculated area equivalence ratios (LER) of mixed planting plots in both years and in all forms, it was determined that all mixtures were superior to plain plantings (LER≥1).
References
- Acar Z, Ayan İ. 2000. Yembitkileri Kültürü. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Ders Kitabı No: 2, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 152.
- Acar Z, Tan M, Ayan İ, Önal Aşçı Ö, Mut H, Başaran U, Gülümser E, Can M, Kaymak G. 2020. Türkiye’de Yem Bitkileri Tarımının Durumu ve Geliştirme Olanakları. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği IX. Teknik Kongresi, January 13-17, 2020, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 529-553.
- Açıkgöz E. 2001. Yem bitkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı, Yayın No: 182, VIPAŞ Anonim Şirketi Yayın No: 58, Bursa, Türkiye, pp: 584.
- Albayrak S, Sevimay C, Töngel Ö. 2004. Effects of inoculation with rhizobium on forage yield and yield components of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Turkish J Agri Forest, (28): 405-411.
- Athanasiadou S, Githiori J, Kyriazakis I. 2007. Medicinal plants for helminth parasite control: facts and fiction. Animal, 1: 1392-1400.
- Barry A. 1998. The feeding value of chicory (Cichorium intybus) for ruminant livestock. J Agri Sci, 131: 251-257.
- Boz AR. 2006. Çukurova koşullarında ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) ve börülce (Vigna sinensis L.)’nin hasıl olarak birlikte yetiştirilme olanaklarının saptanması üzerine bir araştırma. Doktora tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, Türkiye, pp: 111.
- Dhima KV, Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou IB, Dordas CA. 2007. Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crop Res, 100: 249-256.
- Dordas CA, Vlachostergios DN, Lithourgidis AS. 2012. Growth dynamics and agronomic-economic benefits of pea– oat and pea–barley intercrops. Crop and Pasture Sci, 63: 45-52.
- Gülser C, Aşkın T, Özdemir N. 2003. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi kampüs topraklarının erozyon duyarlılıklarının değerlendirilmesi. OMÜ Zir Fak Derg, 18(1): 1-6.
- Kemp PD, Matthew C, Lucas RJ. 2002. Pasture species and cultivars. Oxford University Press, Auckland, New Zealand, pp: 83-99.
- Kızılşimşek M, Erol A. 2000. Yem bitkilerini karışım olarak yetiştirmelerde alan eşdeğerlik oranı, rekabet indeksi ve besin sağlama indeksi. Fen ve Müh Derg, 3(1): 14-22.
- Li G, Kemp PD, Hodgson J. 1997. Control of reproductive growth of Puna chicory by grazing management. Proc New Zealand Grassland Assoc, 56: 213-217.
- Lithourgidis AS, Vlachostergios DN, Dordas CA, Damalas CA. 2011. Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea-cereal intercropping systems. Eur J Agron, 34: 287-294.
- Molle G, Decandia M, Sölter U, Greef JM, Rochon JJ, Sitzia M, Hopkins A, Rook AJ. 2008. The effect of different legume-based swards on intake and performance of grazing ruminants under Mediterranean and cool temperate conditions. Grass Forage Sci, 63(4): 513-530.
- Piluzza G, Sulas L, Bullitta S. 2014. Dry matter yield, feeding value, and antioxidant activity in Mediterranean chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) germplasm. Turk J Agric Forest, 38: 506-514.
- Sanderson M. 2010. Nutritive value and herbage accumulation rates of pastures sown to grass, legume and chicory mixtures. Agron J, 102: 728-733.
- Tan M, Temel S. 2012. Alternatif Yem Bitkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 246, Erzurum, Türkiye, pp: 233.
- Uzun A, Asik FF. 2012. The effect of mixture rates and cutting stages on some yield and quality characters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) + oat (Avena sativa L.) mixture. Turk J Field Crops, 17(1): 62-66.
Determination in Forage Yield and Quality of Chicory and Different Plants Mixtures in Grazing Maturity Period
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine forage yield and quality of chicory (Cichorium inthybus L.) in a pure stand and a simple pasture (two-species) in the grazing maturity period. The experiment design was a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The experimental site was located on the grounds of the Ondokuz Mayıs University Agricultural Faculty during the 2017 and 2018 growing periods. In this study, chicory (C), orchardgrass (OG), and red clover (RC) were grown as forage plant materials in a rainfed cropping system in North Türkiye. Simple pastures comprised of 80%C + 20%OG, 60%C +40%OG, 40%C + 60%OG, 20%C + 80%OG, 80%C + 20%RC, 60%C + 40%RC, 40%C + 60%RC, 20%C + 80%RC. Five sequential harvests were made when chicory plants reached 25 cm of plant height in both years. The average plant height ranged from 17.3 to 35.6 cm, and 29.1 to 38.3 cm in 2017 and 2018 respectively. The highest fresh forage yield was determined in red clover mixtures (6519-5443 kg/da) in 2017 and 80%C+20%RC mixture (as 7137 kg/da) in 2018. Total dry matter production was ranged from 216 to 1238 and 279 to 1164 kg/da in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In pure stand chicory pasture, dry matter production was evaluated 216 kg/da in 2017 and 908 kg/da in 2018. Considering the calculated area equivalence ratios (LER) of mixed planting plots in both years and in all forms, it was determined that all mixtures were superior to plain plantings (LER≥1).
References
- Acar Z, Ayan İ. 2000. Yembitkileri Kültürü. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Ders Kitabı No: 2, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 152.
- Acar Z, Tan M, Ayan İ, Önal Aşçı Ö, Mut H, Başaran U, Gülümser E, Can M, Kaymak G. 2020. Türkiye’de Yem Bitkileri Tarımının Durumu ve Geliştirme Olanakları. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği IX. Teknik Kongresi, January 13-17, 2020, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 529-553.
- Açıkgöz E. 2001. Yem bitkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı, Yayın No: 182, VIPAŞ Anonim Şirketi Yayın No: 58, Bursa, Türkiye, pp: 584.
- Albayrak S, Sevimay C, Töngel Ö. 2004. Effects of inoculation with rhizobium on forage yield and yield components of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Turkish J Agri Forest, (28): 405-411.
- Athanasiadou S, Githiori J, Kyriazakis I. 2007. Medicinal plants for helminth parasite control: facts and fiction. Animal, 1: 1392-1400.
- Barry A. 1998. The feeding value of chicory (Cichorium intybus) for ruminant livestock. J Agri Sci, 131: 251-257.
- Boz AR. 2006. Çukurova koşullarında ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) ve börülce (Vigna sinensis L.)’nin hasıl olarak birlikte yetiştirilme olanaklarının saptanması üzerine bir araştırma. Doktora tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, Türkiye, pp: 111.
- Dhima KV, Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou IB, Dordas CA. 2007. Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crop Res, 100: 249-256.
- Dordas CA, Vlachostergios DN, Lithourgidis AS. 2012. Growth dynamics and agronomic-economic benefits of pea– oat and pea–barley intercrops. Crop and Pasture Sci, 63: 45-52.
- Gülser C, Aşkın T, Özdemir N. 2003. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi kampüs topraklarının erozyon duyarlılıklarının değerlendirilmesi. OMÜ Zir Fak Derg, 18(1): 1-6.
- Kemp PD, Matthew C, Lucas RJ. 2002. Pasture species and cultivars. Oxford University Press, Auckland, New Zealand, pp: 83-99.
- Kızılşimşek M, Erol A. 2000. Yem bitkilerini karışım olarak yetiştirmelerde alan eşdeğerlik oranı, rekabet indeksi ve besin sağlama indeksi. Fen ve Müh Derg, 3(1): 14-22.
- Li G, Kemp PD, Hodgson J. 1997. Control of reproductive growth of Puna chicory by grazing management. Proc New Zealand Grassland Assoc, 56: 213-217.
- Lithourgidis AS, Vlachostergios DN, Dordas CA, Damalas CA. 2011. Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea-cereal intercropping systems. Eur J Agron, 34: 287-294.
- Molle G, Decandia M, Sölter U, Greef JM, Rochon JJ, Sitzia M, Hopkins A, Rook AJ. 2008. The effect of different legume-based swards on intake and performance of grazing ruminants under Mediterranean and cool temperate conditions. Grass Forage Sci, 63(4): 513-530.
- Piluzza G, Sulas L, Bullitta S. 2014. Dry matter yield, feeding value, and antioxidant activity in Mediterranean chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) germplasm. Turk J Agric Forest, 38: 506-514.
- Sanderson M. 2010. Nutritive value and herbage accumulation rates of pastures sown to grass, legume and chicory mixtures. Agron J, 102: 728-733.
- Tan M, Temel S. 2012. Alternatif Yem Bitkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 246, Erzurum, Türkiye, pp: 233.
- Uzun A, Asik FF. 2012. The effect of mixture rates and cutting stages on some yield and quality characters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) + oat (Avena sativa L.) mixture. Turk J Field Crops, 17(1): 62-66.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 26, 2023 |
| Publication Date | July 1, 2023 |
| Submission Date | April 11, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | April 25, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 4 |
