Research Article
Fermentation Properties and Nutritive Value of Sunflower Ensiled With Different Mixing Ratios of Silage Maize, Sweet Corn and Sweet Sorghum
Abstract
In recent years, with the effect of global warming, researches on the potential of plants that are more resistant to drought as forage crops and their ensiling properties have become increasingly widespread. Current study aimed to investigate the ability of ensiling, fermentation quality and nutritive value of a sunflower variety, which is more drought resistant than many forage crops, with silage corn, sweet corn and sweet sorghum at different mixing ratios. Plant species used as silage material in present study were grown simultaneously in separate plots. All plants were harvested by hand in the range of about 25-32% dry matter and these harvested crops were theoretically chopped with 2-3 cm electric shredding machine for silage. In addition to pure silages of all crop materials, mixed silages of 25%+75%, 50%+50% and 75%+25% were made in 3 replications. Besides some properties of silage beginning materials, some fermentation properties and feed quality parameters of resulted silages were investigated. As a result of this study, 50%+50% mixed silage of the sunflower variety used as silage material with maize, sweet corn and sweet sorghum increased the silage fermentation quality compared to the pure sunflower silages and improved the silage feed quality compared to the pure cereal (corn, sweet corn and sweet sorghum) silages.
References
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- Ball DM, Collins M, Lacefield GD, Martin NP, Mertens DA, Olson KE, Putnam D, Undersander D, Wolf M 2001. Understanding forage quality. American Farm Bureau Fed Pub, 1(01): 1-15.
- Beauchemin KA 1996. Using ADF and NDF in dairy cattle diet formulation-a western Canadian perspective. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 58: 101-111.
- Broderick BA 2003. Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 86: 1370–1381.
- Cruvinel WS, Costa KAP, Teixeira DAA, Da Silva JT, Epifonio PS, Costa PHCP, Fernandes PB 2017. Fermentation profile and nutritional value of sunflower silage with Urochloa brizantha cultivars in the off-season. Rev Bras Saúde Prod Anim, 18 (2): 249-259.
- de Quiros ARB, Yusty MAL, Hernandez JL 2009. HPLC analysis of organic acids using a novel stationary phase. Talanta, 78: 643–646.
- Di Miceli G, Licata M, Marceddu R 2023. Forage mixture productivity and silage quality from a grass/legume intercrop in a semiarid Mediterranean environment. Agron J, 115: 1131–1145.
- Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem, 28: 350–356.
- Errtekin İ, Kızılşimşek M 2020. Effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculation in pre-harvesting period on fermentation and feed quality properties of alfalfa silage. Asian Australas J Anim Sci, 33(2): 245-253.
- Ertekin İ. 2021. Effects of different sowing patterns and mixture ratios in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. saccharatum) and mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) grown under Amik lowland conditions. PhD thesis, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Institute of Science, Department of Field Crops, Hatay, Türkiye, pp: 215.
- Ertekin I, Atis I, Aygun YZ, Yilmaz S, Kizilsimsek M 2022. Effects of different nitrogen doses and cultivars on fermentation quality and nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silages. Anim Biosci, 35(1): 39-46.
- Ertekin I, Yilmaz S 2022. The effects of sowing designs on forage yield and quality of sweet sorghum and mung bean mixtures under Mediterranean conditions. Turkish J Field Crop, 27 (2): 188-199.
- Kennedy PC, Dawson LER, Lively FO, Steen RWV, Fearon AM, Moss BW, Kilpatrick DJ 2018. Effects of offering lupins/triticale and vetch/ barley silages alone or in combination with grass silage on animal performance, meat quality and the fatty acid composition of lean meat from beef cattle. J Agric Sci, 156: 1005–1016.
- Kizilsimsek M, Erol A, Ertekin I, Donmez R, Katranci B 2016. Relationship among silage micro flora and their effects on silage fermentation and quality. KSU J Nat Sci, 19(2): 136-140.
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- Kung Jr L, Shaver RD, Grant RJ, Schmidt RJ 2018. Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. J Dairy Sci, 101(5): 4020-4033.
- Li H, Zeng T, Du Z, Dong X, Xin Y, Wu Y, Huang L, Liu L, Kang B, Jiang D, Wu B, Yang W, Yan Y 2022. Assessment on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of mixed silage of faba bean with forage wheat or oat. Front Microbiol, 13: 875819.
- Manaye T, Tolera A, Zewdu T 2009. Feed intake, digestibility and body weight gain of sheep fed Napier grass mixed with different levels of Sesbania sesban. Livestock Sci, 122: 24–29.
- Mu L, Wang Q, Cao X, Zhang Z. 2021. Effects of fatty acid salts on fermentation characteristics, bacterial diversity and aerobic stability of mixed silage prepared with alfalfa, rice straw and wheat bran. J Sci Food Agric, 102: 1475–1487.
- Nurk L, Graβ R, Pekrun C, Wachendorf C 2017. Methane yield and feed quality parameters of mixed silages from maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bioenerg Res, 10: 64–73.
- Ozduven ML, Koc F, Polat C, Coskuntuna L 2009. The effects of lactic acid bacteria and enzyme mixture inoculants on fermentation and nutrient digestibility of sunflower silage. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15(2): 195-199.
- Pursiainen P, Tuori M 2008. Effect of ensiling field bean, field pea and common vetch in different proportions with whole-crop wheat using formic acid or an inoculant on fermentation characteristics. Grass Forage Sci, 63: 60–78.
- Quirino DF, Palma MNN, Franco MO, Detmann E 2023. Variations in methods for quantification of crude ash in animal feeds. J AOAC Int, 106(1): 6–13.
- Rezende VT, Ali S, Bonaudo T, Gameiro AH 2023. Brazilian soybeans as feed for livestock in Europe: an insight into the nitrogen fows. Reg Environ Change, 23:33.
- Souza BPS, Coelho SG, Gonçalves LC, Vieira FAP, Borges ALCC, Rodriguez NM, Rodrigues JAS, Borges I, Saliba ES 2005. Composição bromatológica da silagem de quatro genótipos de girassol, ensilados em cinco diferentes idades de corte. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 57: 204-211.
- Temür C, Güney M, Erdoğan S, Demirel M 2021. Fermentation and digestibility characteristics of soybean, sunflower and their mixture silages. J Anim Sci Prod, 4(2): 191-198.
- Tomich TR, Gonçalves LC, Tomich RGP, Rodrigues JAS, Borges I, Rodriguez NM 2003. Características químicas e digestibilidade in vitro de silagens de girassol. Rev Bras Zootec, 33(6): 1672-1682.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74 (10): 3583-3597. Wang M, Franco M, Cai Y, Yu Z 2020. Dynamics of fermentation profile and bacterial community of silage prepared with alfalfa, whole-plant corn and their mixture. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 270: 114702.
- Wang M, Gao R, Franco M, Hannaway DB, Ke W, Ding Z, Yu Z, Guo X 2021. Effect of mixing alfalfa with whole-plant corn in different proportions on fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of silage. Agric, 11: 174.
- Wang M, Wang L, Yu Z 2019. Fermentation dynamics and bacterial diversity of mixed lucerne and sweet corn stalk silage ensiled at six ratios. Grass Forage Sci, 74: 264–273.
- Yan Y, Li X, Guan H, Huang L, Ma X, Peng Y, Li Z, Nie G, Zhou J, Yang W, Cai Y, Zhang X. 2019. Microbial community and fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with corn stover and lactic acid bacteria. Bioresour Technol, 279: 166-173.
- Yıldız S, Deniz S, Özkan F, Altaçlı S 2022. The effects of making silage at different ratios of sunflower and sugar beet on silage quality, in-vitro digestibility and energy content. J Inst Sci Technol, 12(2): 1154-1162.
- Zeng T, Li X, Guan H, Yang W, Liu W, Liu J, Zhaochang D, Xiaomei L, Qiyin X, Xiaochun W, Xinquan Z, Linkai H, Quanju X, Quanhui P, Yanhong Y 2020. Dynamic microbial diversity and fermentation quality of the mixed silage of corn and soybean grown in strip intercropping system. Bioresour Technol, 313:123655.
Year 2023,
Volume: 6 Issue: 5, 578 - 583, 01.09.2023
Abstract
References
- AOAC 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official method of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA, 15th ed., pp: 66–68.
- Ball DM, Collins M, Lacefield GD, Martin NP, Mertens DA, Olson KE, Putnam D, Undersander D, Wolf M 2001. Understanding forage quality. American Farm Bureau Fed Pub, 1(01): 1-15.
- Beauchemin KA 1996. Using ADF and NDF in dairy cattle diet formulation-a western Canadian perspective. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 58: 101-111.
- Broderick BA 2003. Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 86: 1370–1381.
- Cruvinel WS, Costa KAP, Teixeira DAA, Da Silva JT, Epifonio PS, Costa PHCP, Fernandes PB 2017. Fermentation profile and nutritional value of sunflower silage with Urochloa brizantha cultivars in the off-season. Rev Bras Saúde Prod Anim, 18 (2): 249-259.
- de Quiros ARB, Yusty MAL, Hernandez JL 2009. HPLC analysis of organic acids using a novel stationary phase. Talanta, 78: 643–646.
- Di Miceli G, Licata M, Marceddu R 2023. Forage mixture productivity and silage quality from a grass/legume intercrop in a semiarid Mediterranean environment. Agron J, 115: 1131–1145.
- Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem, 28: 350–356.
- Errtekin İ, Kızılşimşek M 2020. Effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculation in pre-harvesting period on fermentation and feed quality properties of alfalfa silage. Asian Australas J Anim Sci, 33(2): 245-253.
- Ertekin İ. 2021. Effects of different sowing patterns and mixture ratios in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. saccharatum) and mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) grown under Amik lowland conditions. PhD thesis, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Institute of Science, Department of Field Crops, Hatay, Türkiye, pp: 215.
- Ertekin I, Atis I, Aygun YZ, Yilmaz S, Kizilsimsek M 2022. Effects of different nitrogen doses and cultivars on fermentation quality and nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silages. Anim Biosci, 35(1): 39-46.
- Ertekin I, Yilmaz S 2022. The effects of sowing designs on forage yield and quality of sweet sorghum and mung bean mixtures under Mediterranean conditions. Turkish J Field Crop, 27 (2): 188-199.
- Kennedy PC, Dawson LER, Lively FO, Steen RWV, Fearon AM, Moss BW, Kilpatrick DJ 2018. Effects of offering lupins/triticale and vetch/ barley silages alone or in combination with grass silage on animal performance, meat quality and the fatty acid composition of lean meat from beef cattle. J Agric Sci, 156: 1005–1016.
- Kizilsimsek M, Erol A, Ertekin I, Donmez R, Katranci B 2016. Relationship among silage micro flora and their effects on silage fermentation and quality. KSU J Nat Sci, 19(2): 136-140.
- Kizilsimsek M, Ozturk C, Yanar K, Ertekin I, Ozkan CO, Kamalak A 2017. Associative effects of ensiling soybean and corn plant as mixtures on the nutritive value, fermentation and methane emission. Fresenius Environ Bull, 26(10): 5754-5760.
- Kung Jr L, Shaver RD, Grant RJ, Schmidt RJ 2018. Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. J Dairy Sci, 101(5): 4020-4033.
- Li H, Zeng T, Du Z, Dong X, Xin Y, Wu Y, Huang L, Liu L, Kang B, Jiang D, Wu B, Yang W, Yan Y 2022. Assessment on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of mixed silage of faba bean with forage wheat or oat. Front Microbiol, 13: 875819.
- Manaye T, Tolera A, Zewdu T 2009. Feed intake, digestibility and body weight gain of sheep fed Napier grass mixed with different levels of Sesbania sesban. Livestock Sci, 122: 24–29.
- Mu L, Wang Q, Cao X, Zhang Z. 2021. Effects of fatty acid salts on fermentation characteristics, bacterial diversity and aerobic stability of mixed silage prepared with alfalfa, rice straw and wheat bran. J Sci Food Agric, 102: 1475–1487.
- Nurk L, Graβ R, Pekrun C, Wachendorf C 2017. Methane yield and feed quality parameters of mixed silages from maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bioenerg Res, 10: 64–73.
- Ozduven ML, Koc F, Polat C, Coskuntuna L 2009. The effects of lactic acid bacteria and enzyme mixture inoculants on fermentation and nutrient digestibility of sunflower silage. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15(2): 195-199.
- Pursiainen P, Tuori M 2008. Effect of ensiling field bean, field pea and common vetch in different proportions with whole-crop wheat using formic acid or an inoculant on fermentation characteristics. Grass Forage Sci, 63: 60–78.
- Quirino DF, Palma MNN, Franco MO, Detmann E 2023. Variations in methods for quantification of crude ash in animal feeds. J AOAC Int, 106(1): 6–13.
- Rezende VT, Ali S, Bonaudo T, Gameiro AH 2023. Brazilian soybeans as feed for livestock in Europe: an insight into the nitrogen fows. Reg Environ Change, 23:33.
- Souza BPS, Coelho SG, Gonçalves LC, Vieira FAP, Borges ALCC, Rodriguez NM, Rodrigues JAS, Borges I, Saliba ES 2005. Composição bromatológica da silagem de quatro genótipos de girassol, ensilados em cinco diferentes idades de corte. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 57: 204-211.
- Temür C, Güney M, Erdoğan S, Demirel M 2021. Fermentation and digestibility characteristics of soybean, sunflower and their mixture silages. J Anim Sci Prod, 4(2): 191-198.
- Tomich TR, Gonçalves LC, Tomich RGP, Rodrigues JAS, Borges I, Rodriguez NM 2003. Características químicas e digestibilidade in vitro de silagens de girassol. Rev Bras Zootec, 33(6): 1672-1682.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74 (10): 3583-3597. Wang M, Franco M, Cai Y, Yu Z 2020. Dynamics of fermentation profile and bacterial community of silage prepared with alfalfa, whole-plant corn and their mixture. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 270: 114702.
- Wang M, Gao R, Franco M, Hannaway DB, Ke W, Ding Z, Yu Z, Guo X 2021. Effect of mixing alfalfa with whole-plant corn in different proportions on fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of silage. Agric, 11: 174.
- Wang M, Wang L, Yu Z 2019. Fermentation dynamics and bacterial diversity of mixed lucerne and sweet corn stalk silage ensiled at six ratios. Grass Forage Sci, 74: 264–273.
- Yan Y, Li X, Guan H, Huang L, Ma X, Peng Y, Li Z, Nie G, Zhou J, Yang W, Cai Y, Zhang X. 2019. Microbial community and fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with corn stover and lactic acid bacteria. Bioresour Technol, 279: 166-173.
- Yıldız S, Deniz S, Özkan F, Altaçlı S 2022. The effects of making silage at different ratios of sunflower and sugar beet on silage quality, in-vitro digestibility and energy content. J Inst Sci Technol, 12(2): 1154-1162.
- Zeng T, Li X, Guan H, Yang W, Liu W, Liu J, Zhaochang D, Xiaomei L, Qiyin X, Xiaochun W, Xinquan Z, Linkai H, Quanju X, Quanhui P, Yanhong Y 2020. Dynamic microbial diversity and fermentation quality of the mixed silage of corn and soybean grown in strip intercropping system. Bioresour Technol, 313:123655.
There are 33 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Zootechny (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 1, 2023 |
| Submission Date | July 28, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | August 28, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 5 |
