The Morphology of the Sensilla on the Proboscis of Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Abstract
Proboscis structure and sensilla types are important morphological characters for the systematic analysis of Lepidoptera families. There is no study on proboscis structure and sensilla types of Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) despite the fact that it is an important pest. For this purpose, the sensilla types and proboscis structure of A. crataegi were investigated by using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope in detail. The results show that the proboscis of A. crataegi has three sensillum types (sensilla basiconica, sensilla trichodea, and sensilla styloconica). Sensilla basiconica consists of a sensory cone with a single terminal pore surrounded by a shallow socket and has a flat surface. Sensilla trichodea (chaetica) is bristle-shaped. The bristles of sensilla trichodea are poreless and smooth. Sensilla styloconicum has a smooth stylus, blunt tip, and long peg. In this study, the proboscis structure and sensilla types of A. crataegi were discussed with morphological similarities and differences of the other lepidopteran species’ proboscis structure and sensilla types. Thus, they contribute to the understanding of proboscis structure and sensilla types in Lepidoptera including Pieridae.
Keywords
Sensilla basiconica Sensilla trichodea Sensilla styloconica scanning electron microscope. taramalı elektron mikroskobu
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Thanks
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References
- Amsel, H.G. (1938). Amphimoea walkeri Bsd. Der Schwarmer mit dem längsten Rüssel. Entomologische Rundschau, 55, 165-167.
- Bibi, M., Bibi, S., Akhtar, N., Ullah, Z., Khan, M. F., & Qureshi, I. Z. (2022). Butterfly (Order: Lepidoptera) species Richness, diversity and distribution in different localities of Battagram, Pakistan. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29, 1853-1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.039
- Chen, Q.X., Li, W.L., Chen, Y.W., Chen, J., & Song, Y.Q. (2019). Morphological comparison of proboscides and associated sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera and Mythimna separate (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Arthropod Structure & Development, 49, 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2018.12.001
- Faucheux, M.J. (1991). Morphology and distribution of sensilla on the cephalic appendages, tarsi and ovipositor of the European sunflower moth, Homoeosoma nebulella Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 20, 291-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(91)90018-5
- Faucheux, M.J. (1995). Sensilla on the antennae, mouthparts, tarsi and ovipositor of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulster) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): a scanning electron microscopic study. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Zoologie, Biologie animale), 16, 121-136.
- Faucheux, M.J. (2005). Heterobathmia pseuderiocrania (Heterobathmiina): mouthparts, mouthpart sensilla, and comparison with other non-glossatan suborders (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nueva serie 7, 57-65.
- Faucheux, M.J. (2009). Deux types de sensilles basiconiques à pores pariétaux sur la trompe de l’Adèle de Réaumur, Adela reaumurella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Adelidae): Considérations morpho-fonctionnelles et implications phylogénétiques. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de l’Ouest de la France (n.s.), 31, 84-94.
- Faucheux, M.J. (2013). Sensillum types on the proboscis of the Lepidoptera: a review. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 49, 1, 73-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2013.767514
- Gilbert, L. E. (1972). Pollen feeding and reproductive biology of Heliconius butterflies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 69(6), 1403-1407.
- Gullan, P.J., & Cranston, P.S. (2014). The insects: an outline of entomology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, USA.
- Guo, M., Chen, Q., Liu, Y., Wang, G., & Han, Z. (2018). Chemoreception of mouthparts: sensilla morphology and discovery of chemosensory genes in proboscis and labial palps of adult Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 970. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00970
- Ilyinskiy, A.I. & Tropin, I.V. (1965). Surveillance, registration, and prognosis of mass growth of needle and leaf eating insects in the forests of the USSR. Moscow, Lesnaya Promyshlennost, 525 pp. (In Russian).
- Krenn H.W. (1990). Functional morphology and movements of the proboscis of Lepidoptera (Insecta). Zoomorphology, 110,105-114.
- Krenn, H.W. (1998). Proboscis sensilla in Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera): functional morphology and significance in flower-probing. Zoomorphology, 118, 23-30.
- Krenn H.W. & Kristensen N.P. (2004). Evolution of proboscis musculature in Lepidoptera. European Journal of Entomology, 101, 565-575.
- Ma, L., Hu, K., Li, P., Liu, J., & Yuan, X. (2019). Ultrastructure of the proboscis sensilla of ten species of butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Plos One, 14(3), e0214658. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214658
- Maximov, S.A. & Marushchak, V.N. (2012). Towards reasons of outbreaks of the Black-veined White in the Ural. Agrarnyy Vestnik Urala, 11(103), 28-30 (In Russian).
- Molleman, F., Krenn, H.W., Van Alphen, M. E., Brakefield, P.M., DeVries, P.J., & Zwaan, B.J. (2005). Food intake of fruit-feeding butterflies: evidence for adaptive variation in proboscis morphology. The Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 333-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00533.x
- Nation, J.L. (1983). A new method using hexamethyldisilazane for preparation of soft insect tissues for scanning electron microscopy. Stain Technology, 58(6), 347–351.
- Paulus, H.F., & Krenn, H.W. (1996). Vergleichende morphologie des schmetterlingsrüssels und seiner sensillen-ein beitrag zur phylogenetischen systematik der Papilionoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 34(4), 203-216.
- Reinwald, C., Bauder, J.A.S., Karolyi, F., Neulinger, M., Jaros, S., Metscher, B., & Krenn, H.W. (2022). Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera). Journal of Morphology, 283(11), 1390-1410. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21510
- Tolman, T. & Lewington, R. (2008). Collins butterfly guide. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd., London, pp 384.
- Zaspel, J.M., Coy, S., Habanek, K., & Weller, S.J. (2013). Presence and distribution of sensory structures on the mouthparts of self-medicating moths. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 253(1), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2013.06.001
- Zhang, C. M., Niu, Y., Hu, G. L., & Lu, J. Q. (2021). Ultramorphological comparison of proboscis and associated sensilla of Scotogramma trifolii and Protoschinia scutosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects, 12(11), 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12110992
Abstract
Lepidoptera familyalarının sistematik analizinde emme hortumu yapısı ve sensilla tipleri önemli morfolojik karakterlerdir. Zararlı bir tür olmasına rağmen Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)'nin emme hortumu yapısı ve sensilla tipleri üzerine bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu amaçla A. crataegi'nin sensilla tipleri ve hortum yapısı stereomikroskop ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılarak detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, A. crataegi'nin emme hortumunun üç sensilla tipine (sensilla basiconica, sensilla trichodea ve sensilla styloconica) sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Sensilla basiconica, sığ bir yuva ile çevrili tek bir terminal gözenek ve düz bir yüzeye sahip duyusal bir koniden oluşur. Sensilla trichodea (chaetica) kıl şeklindedir. Sensilla trichodea'nın kılları gözeneksiz ve pürüzsüzdür. Sensilla styloconicum'un kör uçlu, düz bir stilusu ve uzun bir peg kısmı vardır. Bu çalışmada A. crataegi'nin emme hortumu yapısı ve sensilla tipleri ile diğer lepidoptera türlerinin emme hortumu yapısı ve sensilla tiplerinin morfolojik benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları tartışılmıştır. Böylece, Pieridae dahil Lepidoptera'daki emme hortumu yapısı ve sensilla tiplerinin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunulmuştur.
Project Number
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References
- Amsel, H.G. (1938). Amphimoea walkeri Bsd. Der Schwarmer mit dem längsten Rüssel. Entomologische Rundschau, 55, 165-167.
- Bibi, M., Bibi, S., Akhtar, N., Ullah, Z., Khan, M. F., & Qureshi, I. Z. (2022). Butterfly (Order: Lepidoptera) species Richness, diversity and distribution in different localities of Battagram, Pakistan. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29, 1853-1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.039
- Chen, Q.X., Li, W.L., Chen, Y.W., Chen, J., & Song, Y.Q. (2019). Morphological comparison of proboscides and associated sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera and Mythimna separate (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Arthropod Structure & Development, 49, 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2018.12.001
- Faucheux, M.J. (1991). Morphology and distribution of sensilla on the cephalic appendages, tarsi and ovipositor of the European sunflower moth, Homoeosoma nebulella Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 20, 291-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(91)90018-5
- Faucheux, M.J. (1995). Sensilla on the antennae, mouthparts, tarsi and ovipositor of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulster) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): a scanning electron microscopic study. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Zoologie, Biologie animale), 16, 121-136.
- Faucheux, M.J. (2005). Heterobathmia pseuderiocrania (Heterobathmiina): mouthparts, mouthpart sensilla, and comparison with other non-glossatan suborders (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nueva serie 7, 57-65.
- Faucheux, M.J. (2009). Deux types de sensilles basiconiques à pores pariétaux sur la trompe de l’Adèle de Réaumur, Adela reaumurella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Adelidae): Considérations morpho-fonctionnelles et implications phylogénétiques. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de l’Ouest de la France (n.s.), 31, 84-94.
- Faucheux, M.J. (2013). Sensillum types on the proboscis of the Lepidoptera: a review. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 49, 1, 73-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2013.767514
- Gilbert, L. E. (1972). Pollen feeding and reproductive biology of Heliconius butterflies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 69(6), 1403-1407.
- Gullan, P.J., & Cranston, P.S. (2014). The insects: an outline of entomology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, USA.
- Guo, M., Chen, Q., Liu, Y., Wang, G., & Han, Z. (2018). Chemoreception of mouthparts: sensilla morphology and discovery of chemosensory genes in proboscis and labial palps of adult Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 970. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00970
- Ilyinskiy, A.I. & Tropin, I.V. (1965). Surveillance, registration, and prognosis of mass growth of needle and leaf eating insects in the forests of the USSR. Moscow, Lesnaya Promyshlennost, 525 pp. (In Russian).
- Krenn H.W. (1990). Functional morphology and movements of the proboscis of Lepidoptera (Insecta). Zoomorphology, 110,105-114.
- Krenn, H.W. (1998). Proboscis sensilla in Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera): functional morphology and significance in flower-probing. Zoomorphology, 118, 23-30.
- Krenn H.W. & Kristensen N.P. (2004). Evolution of proboscis musculature in Lepidoptera. European Journal of Entomology, 101, 565-575.
- Ma, L., Hu, K., Li, P., Liu, J., & Yuan, X. (2019). Ultrastructure of the proboscis sensilla of ten species of butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Plos One, 14(3), e0214658. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214658
- Maximov, S.A. & Marushchak, V.N. (2012). Towards reasons of outbreaks of the Black-veined White in the Ural. Agrarnyy Vestnik Urala, 11(103), 28-30 (In Russian).
- Molleman, F., Krenn, H.W., Van Alphen, M. E., Brakefield, P.M., DeVries, P.J., & Zwaan, B.J. (2005). Food intake of fruit-feeding butterflies: evidence for adaptive variation in proboscis morphology. The Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 333-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00533.x
- Nation, J.L. (1983). A new method using hexamethyldisilazane for preparation of soft insect tissues for scanning electron microscopy. Stain Technology, 58(6), 347–351.
- Paulus, H.F., & Krenn, H.W. (1996). Vergleichende morphologie des schmetterlingsrüssels und seiner sensillen-ein beitrag zur phylogenetischen systematik der Papilionoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 34(4), 203-216.
- Reinwald, C., Bauder, J.A.S., Karolyi, F., Neulinger, M., Jaros, S., Metscher, B., & Krenn, H.W. (2022). Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera). Journal of Morphology, 283(11), 1390-1410. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21510
- Tolman, T. & Lewington, R. (2008). Collins butterfly guide. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd., London, pp 384.
- Zaspel, J.M., Coy, S., Habanek, K., & Weller, S.J. (2013). Presence and distribution of sensory structures on the mouthparts of self-medicating moths. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 253(1), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2013.06.001
- Zhang, C. M., Niu, Y., Hu, G. L., & Lu, J. Q. (2021). Ultramorphological comparison of proboscis and associated sensilla of Scotogramma trifolii and Protoschinia scutosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects, 12(11), 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12110992
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Structural Biology |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | - |
| Early Pub Date | September 4, 2022 |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2022 |
| Submission Date | October 11, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | December 5, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 |
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