Research Article
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The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 72 - 78, 30.06.2022

Ece Börteçine Kasapoğlu Uludamar

https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2022.75

Abstract

Determination of distribution and population density of citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb (1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae) is essential for effective control. In this study, 42 different soil and root samples were taken from citrus orchards of different ages in Adana (Yüreğir) and Mersin (Yenice) provinces, where flood irrigation and drip irrigation were applied. The samples were collected from the orchards twice in 2015, in March-April and September-October. Tylenchulus semipenetrans was detected in 100%, 88.8%, 85.7% 75%, 66.6% of the surveyed orchards. Citrus nematode was found in all the samples taken from these orchards. The population density was found to be lower in newly established or early age and drip irrigation orchards. It has been observed that the nematode is above the economic damage threshold and tolerates it in mature orchards.

Keywords

tylenchulus semipenetrans Citrus spp. distrubution population density plant parasitic nematodes

References

  • Abd-Elgawad, M.M.M., Askary, T.H. (2015) Impact of phytonematodes on agriculture economy. (Ed. T.H. Askary & P.R.P. Martinelli, Biocontrol Agents of Phytonematodes), 3–49, CAB International, Wallingford.
  • Abd-Elgawad, M.M.M., Koura, F.F.H., Montasser, S.A., Hammam, M.M.A. (2016). Distribution and losses of Tylenchulus semipenetrans in citrus orchards on reclaimed land in Egypt, Nematology,18(10): 1141–1150.
  • Abd-Elgawad, M.M.M. (2020). Managing nematodes in Egyptian citrus orchards. Bull Natl Res Cent, 44, 41.
  • Barker, K.R., (1985). Nematode extraction and bioassays. In: an advanced treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. II Methodology. (Ed. Barker, K.R., Sasser, J.N., Carter C.C.). 19-35 p, United States Agency for International Development, North Carolina State University Graphics. Raleigh, NC.
  • Bello A., Navas A., Belart C., 1986. Nematodes of citrus groves in the Spanish levante ecological study focused to their control. In: integrated pest control in citrus groves. Cavalloro, R., Di Martino, E. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Expert’s Meeting, Acireale, March 26-29, 1985. A.A. Balkema Publication Co., Rotterdam, Boston, 217-226 p.
  • Bora, T., Karaca, İ. (1970). Kültür Bitkilerinde Hastalığın ve Zararın Ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı, Yayın No: 167, E.Ü. Matbaası, Bornova-İzmir, 8s.
  • Cohn, E., 1965. The development of the citrus nematode on some of its hosts. Nematol, 11: 593–600.
  • Cohn, E. (1969). The citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, as a pest of citrus in Israel. Proceedings of the First International Citrus Symposium, 2:1013-1017.
  • Deepa, S.P., Subramanian, S., Ramakrishnan, S. (2011) Biomanagement of citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb on lemon, Citrus limonia L. J Biopest 4(2):205.
  • Duncan, L.W. (2005) Nematode Parasites of Citrus. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. (Ed. Luc, R., Sikora, R.A., Bridge, J.) 437-466 pp. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
  • Duncan, L.W., Cohn. E. (1990) Nematode parasites of citrus. (Ed. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora, Bridge J.) Pp. 321–346, Plant-parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
  • Duncan LW, Eissenstat D.M. (1993) Responses of Tylenchulus semipenetrans to Citrus Fruit Removal: Implications for Carbohydrate Competition. J Nematol 25(1):7-14
  • Elekcioğlu, İ.H. (1995) Plant parasitic nematodes associated with citrus in the east mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 24 (1): 29-37.
  • Emre, E., Kaşkavalcı, G. (2015) The determination of distribution and population densities of citrus nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Satsuma Mandarin growing areas of Izmir province. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 52 (3):269-276.
  • Garabedian, S., Van Gundy, S. D., Mankau, R. and Radewald, J. D., 1984. Nematodes: In: Integrated Pest Management for Citrus. Univ. of California, Riverside, 129-131 pp.
  • Hooper, D.J. (1986) Extraction of free-living stages from soil. In: laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes. (Ed. Southey, J.F.), 5–30 p. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
  • Kasapoğlu Uludamar, E.B., Çimen, B., Elekcioğlu, İ.H. (2021). Investigation of the resistance of some citrus rootstocks against citrus nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] under field conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Plant Protection Bulletin, 61(1): 41-47.
  • McKenry, M. V., T. Buzo, S. Kako, and D. Dougherty (1997). Field comparison of 20 potential methyl bromide alternatives for tree and vine nurseries. Pp. 47, 1–2. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. 3–5 November 1997. San Diego, California.
  • Moltmann E., (1988). Kairomone im wurzelexsudat von getreide: ihre bedeutung für die wirtsfindung der infektionslarven des getreidezystenaelchens Heterodera avenae und ihre charakterisierung. Hohenheim Universität, Doktorarbeit, 148 p.
  • Nagachandrabose, S. (2020) Management of potato cyst nematodes using liquid bioformulations of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma viride. Potato Res 63:479–496.
  • Robinson, A.F., Heald, C.M., Flanagan, S.L., Thames, W.H., Amador, J. (1987) Geographical Distributions of Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne incognita, and Tylenchulus semipenetrans in the lower rio grande valley as related to soil texture and land use. J Nematol 19(1):20-25.
  • Selvaraj, S., Ganeshamoorthi, P., Theerthagiri, A., Raguchander, T., Seenivasan, N., Samiyappan, R. (2014) Evaluation of a liquid formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and Helicotylenchus multicinctus in banana plantation. BioControl 59:345-355.
  • Sorribas, F.J., Verdejo-Lucas, S., Forner, J.B., Alcaide, A., Pons, J., Ornat, C., (2000) Seasonality of Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb and Pasteuria sp. in citrus orchards in Spain. J Nematol 32 (4S): 622–632.
  • Sorribas, F.J., Verdejo-Lucas, S., Pastor, J., Ornat, C., Pons, J., Valero, J., (2008) Population densities of Tylenchulus semipenetrans related to physicochemical properties of soil and yield of clementine mandarin in Spain. Plant Dis 92: 445-450.
  • Southey, J.F. (1986) Principles of sampling for nematodes 1-4. In: laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes. (Ed. J. F. Southey), 1-4 p. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK.
  • Toktay, H., & İ. H. Elekçioğlu, 2001. “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb (Nemata, Tylenchulidae)’ın popülasyon dalgalanması ve Washington Navel portakal çeşidinde verime olan etkisinin belirlenmesi”. Türkiye IV. Entomoloji Kongresi. (12–15 Eylül 2000, Aydın, Turkey), 569 pp.
  • Toktay, H., Elekçioğlu, İ., Özarslan, A. (2005). Determination of Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.) biotypes in East Mediterranean region of Turkey. Plant Protec Bull 45 (1), 9-16.
  • TÜİK, (2021) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2021-37249. Accessed 10 February 2022.
  • Verdejo-Lucas, S, McKenry, M.V. (2004) Management of the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans.” J Nematol, 36(4):424-32. Walter, D. E., Kaplan D. T. (1990) Antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes in Florida citrus. J Nematol 22:567–573.

Adana ve Mersin illerinde Farklı Sulama uygulanan Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida:Tylenchulidae)’ın Yayılışı ve Yoğunluklarının Saptanması

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 72 - 78, 30.06.2022

Ece Börteçine Kasapoğlu Uludamar

https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2022.75

Abstract

Turunçgil nematodu, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb (1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)’nun dağılımının ve popülasyon yoğunluğunun belirlenmesi etkili bir mücadele için gereklidir. Bu çalışmada Adana (Yüreğir) ve Mersin (Yenice)’de damlama ve salma sulama yapılan farklı yaşlardaki 42 farklı bahçeden toprak ve kök örneği alınmıştır. Örnekler 2 defa olmak üzere, 2015 Mart-Nisan ve Eylül-Ekim aylarında bahçelerden toplanmıştır. Sürvey yapılan bahçelerde Tylenchulus semipenetrans 100%, 88.8%, 85.7% 75%, 66.6% oranında tespit edilmiştir. Bu bahçelerden alınan örneklerin hepsinde Turunçgil nematodu bulunmuştur. Yeni kurulan veya genç yaştaki ve damlama sulama yapılan bahçelerde popülasyon yoğunluğu diğerlerine göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Yaşlı bahçelerde zararlının ekonomik zarar eşiğinin üzerinde olduğu ve bunu tolere ettiği gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

Tylenchulus semipenetrans Citrus spp. yayılış populasyon yoğunluğu bitki paraziti nematodlar

References

  • Abd-Elgawad, M.M.M., Askary, T.H. (2015) Impact of phytonematodes on agriculture economy. (Ed. T.H. Askary & P.R.P. Martinelli, Biocontrol Agents of Phytonematodes), 3–49, CAB International, Wallingford.
  • Abd-Elgawad, M.M.M., Koura, F.F.H., Montasser, S.A., Hammam, M.M.A. (2016). Distribution and losses of Tylenchulus semipenetrans in citrus orchards on reclaimed land in Egypt, Nematology,18(10): 1141–1150.
  • Abd-Elgawad, M.M.M. (2020). Managing nematodes in Egyptian citrus orchards. Bull Natl Res Cent, 44, 41.
  • Barker, K.R., (1985). Nematode extraction and bioassays. In: an advanced treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. II Methodology. (Ed. Barker, K.R., Sasser, J.N., Carter C.C.). 19-35 p, United States Agency for International Development, North Carolina State University Graphics. Raleigh, NC.
  • Bello A., Navas A., Belart C., 1986. Nematodes of citrus groves in the Spanish levante ecological study focused to their control. In: integrated pest control in citrus groves. Cavalloro, R., Di Martino, E. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Expert’s Meeting, Acireale, March 26-29, 1985. A.A. Balkema Publication Co., Rotterdam, Boston, 217-226 p.
  • Bora, T., Karaca, İ. (1970). Kültür Bitkilerinde Hastalığın ve Zararın Ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı, Yayın No: 167, E.Ü. Matbaası, Bornova-İzmir, 8s.
  • Cohn, E., 1965. The development of the citrus nematode on some of its hosts. Nematol, 11: 593–600.
  • Cohn, E. (1969). The citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, as a pest of citrus in Israel. Proceedings of the First International Citrus Symposium, 2:1013-1017.
  • Deepa, S.P., Subramanian, S., Ramakrishnan, S. (2011) Biomanagement of citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb on lemon, Citrus limonia L. J Biopest 4(2):205.
  • Duncan, L.W. (2005) Nematode Parasites of Citrus. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. (Ed. Luc, R., Sikora, R.A., Bridge, J.) 437-466 pp. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
  • Duncan, L.W., Cohn. E. (1990) Nematode parasites of citrus. (Ed. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora, Bridge J.) Pp. 321–346, Plant-parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
  • Duncan LW, Eissenstat D.M. (1993) Responses of Tylenchulus semipenetrans to Citrus Fruit Removal: Implications for Carbohydrate Competition. J Nematol 25(1):7-14
  • Elekcioğlu, İ.H. (1995) Plant parasitic nematodes associated with citrus in the east mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 24 (1): 29-37.
  • Emre, E., Kaşkavalcı, G. (2015) The determination of distribution and population densities of citrus nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Satsuma Mandarin growing areas of Izmir province. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 52 (3):269-276.
  • Garabedian, S., Van Gundy, S. D., Mankau, R. and Radewald, J. D., 1984. Nematodes: In: Integrated Pest Management for Citrus. Univ. of California, Riverside, 129-131 pp.
  • Hooper, D.J. (1986) Extraction of free-living stages from soil. In: laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes. (Ed. Southey, J.F.), 5–30 p. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
  • Kasapoğlu Uludamar, E.B., Çimen, B., Elekcioğlu, İ.H. (2021). Investigation of the resistance of some citrus rootstocks against citrus nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] under field conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Plant Protection Bulletin, 61(1): 41-47.
  • McKenry, M. V., T. Buzo, S. Kako, and D. Dougherty (1997). Field comparison of 20 potential methyl bromide alternatives for tree and vine nurseries. Pp. 47, 1–2. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. 3–5 November 1997. San Diego, California.
  • Moltmann E., (1988). Kairomone im wurzelexsudat von getreide: ihre bedeutung für die wirtsfindung der infektionslarven des getreidezystenaelchens Heterodera avenae und ihre charakterisierung. Hohenheim Universität, Doktorarbeit, 148 p.
  • Nagachandrabose, S. (2020) Management of potato cyst nematodes using liquid bioformulations of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma viride. Potato Res 63:479–496.
  • Robinson, A.F., Heald, C.M., Flanagan, S.L., Thames, W.H., Amador, J. (1987) Geographical Distributions of Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne incognita, and Tylenchulus semipenetrans in the lower rio grande valley as related to soil texture and land use. J Nematol 19(1):20-25.
  • Selvaraj, S., Ganeshamoorthi, P., Theerthagiri, A., Raguchander, T., Seenivasan, N., Samiyappan, R. (2014) Evaluation of a liquid formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and Helicotylenchus multicinctus in banana plantation. BioControl 59:345-355.
  • Sorribas, F.J., Verdejo-Lucas, S., Forner, J.B., Alcaide, A., Pons, J., Ornat, C., (2000) Seasonality of Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb and Pasteuria sp. in citrus orchards in Spain. J Nematol 32 (4S): 622–632.
  • Sorribas, F.J., Verdejo-Lucas, S., Pastor, J., Ornat, C., Pons, J., Valero, J., (2008) Population densities of Tylenchulus semipenetrans related to physicochemical properties of soil and yield of clementine mandarin in Spain. Plant Dis 92: 445-450.
  • Southey, J.F. (1986) Principles of sampling for nematodes 1-4. In: laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes. (Ed. J. F. Southey), 1-4 p. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK.
  • Toktay, H., & İ. H. Elekçioğlu, 2001. “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb (Nemata, Tylenchulidae)’ın popülasyon dalgalanması ve Washington Navel portakal çeşidinde verime olan etkisinin belirlenmesi”. Türkiye IV. Entomoloji Kongresi. (12–15 Eylül 2000, Aydın, Turkey), 569 pp.
  • Toktay, H., Elekçioğlu, İ., Özarslan, A. (2005). Determination of Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.) biotypes in East Mediterranean region of Turkey. Plant Protec Bull 45 (1), 9-16.
  • TÜİK, (2021) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2021-37249. Accessed 10 February 2022.
  • Verdejo-Lucas, S, McKenry, M.V. (2004) Management of the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans.” J Nematol, 36(4):424-32. Walter, D. E., Kaplan D. T. (1990) Antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes in Florida citrus. J Nematol 22:567–573.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ece Börteçine Kasapoğlu Uludamar 0000-0003-0936-3759

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 37 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kasapoğlu Uludamar, E. B. (2022). The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces. Çukurova Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 37(1), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2022.75
AMA Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB. The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces. Çukurova J. Agric. Food. Sciences. June 2022;37(1):72-78. doi:10.36846/CJAFS.2022.75
Chicago Kasapoğlu Uludamar, Ece Börteçine. “The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus Semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces”. Çukurova Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 37, no. 1 (June 2022): 72-78. https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2022.75.
EndNote Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB (June 1, 2022) The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 37 1 72–78.
IEEE E. B. Kasapoğlu Uludamar, “The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces”, Çukurova J. Agric. Food. Sciences, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 72–78, 2022, doi: 10.36846/CJAFS.2022.75.
ISNAD Kasapoğlu Uludamar, Ece Börteçine. “The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus Semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces”. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 37/1 (June 2022), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2022.75.
JAMA Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB. The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces. Çukurova J. Agric. Food. Sciences. 2022;37:72–78.
MLA Kasapoğlu Uludamar, Ece Börteçine. “The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus Semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces”. Çukurova Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 37, no. 1, 2022, pp. 72-78, doi:10.36846/CJAFS.2022.75.
Vancouver Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB. The Effect of Different Irrigation Types on Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Citrus Orchards in Adana and Mersin Provinces. Çukurova J. Agric. Food. Sciences. 2022;37(1):72-8.
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