Abstract
Bluetongue is a viral
infection that is commonly encountered in domestic and wild ruminants and is
transmitted by biting midges. The cause of the disease is within Orbivirus
genus of Reoviridae family and has 24 known serotypes. The infection is spread
by the flies of Culicoides species. The aim of this study was to determine the
serological presence of the bluetongue infection in sheep raised in various
locations of Siirt province and to obtain information about the spread of the
infection in the region as a whole. The study was conducted between August 2017
and February 2018, and the study consisted of 465 sheep (1-3 years old). 5 mL
blood samples were taken from the jugular veins of the sheep to
non-anticoagulant tubes for laboratory analyses. The blood samples were
centrifuged at 3000 rpm/10 minutes and the serum were transferred to Eppendorf
tubes, which were stored at -20 ºC until analysis was carried out.
Determination of the Bluetongue-specific antibodies in the serum samples was
performed using a commercial test kit by ELISA device. The results of the
specific-antibody analysis revealed that 340 (73.12%) of 465 sheep were
seropositive, while 125 (26.88%) were seronegative. As a result, the seroprevalence of Bluetongue
disease was found to be considerably high in various locations of Siirt
province. Considering the findings of the study, in addition to the measures
like the establishment of quarantine protocols and vector controls, utilization
of different diagnostic methods and use of vaccines specific to the virus
serotypes are suggested to fight the infection.
Keywords
References
- 1. Saltık HS, Kale M. (2017). Bluetongue Virus Disease. MAKÜ Sag Bil Enst Derg. 5 (1): 32-44.
- 2. Yıldırım Y, Burgu İ. (2005). The Seroprevalence of Bluetongue (BT), IBR, PI-3, EBL and BVD Infections in Cattle in Northeastern Anatolia. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 52: 113-117.
- 3. Henning M. (1956). Animal Diseases in South Africa. Vol. 3rd. South Africa: Central News Agency Ltd.
- 4. Wilson AJ, Mellor PS. (2009). Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future. Philos Trans Royal Soc B. 364 (1530): 2669-2681.
- 5. Albayrak H, Özan E. (2010). Seroprevalence of Some Arboviral Infections Transported Blood Sucking Insects in Ruminants and Equids in Middle Blacksea. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 16 (1): 33-36.
- 6. Studdert M, Pangborn J, Addison R. (1966). Bluetongue Virus Structure. Virology. 29 (3): 509-511.
- 7. Mellor P, Wittmann E. (2002). Bluetongue Virus in the Mediterranean Basin 1998–2001. Vet J. 164 (1): 20-37.
- 8. Kulaç E, Kırmızıgül AH, Yıldırım Y. (2016). Seroprevalance of Bluetongue Infection in Cattle in Rize Region. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg. 11 (2): 151-158.
- 9. Purse BV, Mellor PS, Rogers DJ, et al. (2006). Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe. Nat Rev Microbiol. 3: 171-181.
- 10. Toussaint J, Vandenbussche F, Mast J, et al. (2006). Bluetongue in Northern Europe. Vet Rec. 159 (10): 327.
- 11. Walton T. (2004). The History of Bluetongue and a Current Global Overview. Vet Ital. 40 (3): 31-38.
- 12. Tweedle N, Mellor P. (2002). Technical review–bluetongue: The virus, Hosts and Vectors. Veterinary Exotic Disease Divi-sion. DEFRA. Version. 1 21.
- 13. Darpel KE, Batten CA, Veronesi E, et al. (2009). Transplacental Transmission of Bluetongue Virus in Cattle, UK. Emerg Infect Dis. 15 (12): 2025.
- 14. Jacquot M, Nomikou K, Palmarini M, Mertens P, Biek R. (2017). Bluetongue Virus Spread in Europe is a Consequence of Climatic, Landscape and Vertebrate Host Factors as Revealed by Phylogeographic Inference. Proc R Soc B. 284 (1864): 20170919.
- 15. Marku N, Bërxholi K, Spahiu J, Sherifi K, Rexhepi A. (2016). Preliminary Results On Seroprevalence Of Bluetongue In Sheep In Kosovo. Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medici-ne. LXII (1):91-93.
- 16. Meteorology. (2018). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Available from: https://goo.gl/ud7dBK. Access date: 15.09.2017.
- 17. Yapici O, Bulut O, Avci O, et al. (2014). First Report on Serop-revalence of Bluetongue, Border Disease and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infections in Sheep in Kyrgyzstan. Indian J Anim Res. 8 (5): 469.
- 18. Odiawa G, Blue J, Tyler D, Shotts E. (1985). Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Ruminants in Georgia: Survey by Serotest and Virologic Isolation. Am J Vet Res. 46 (10): 2193-2196.
- 19. Bitew M, Nandi S, Ravishankar C, Somvanshi R. (2013). Serological and Molecular Evidence of Bluetongue in Sheep and Goats in Uttar Pradesh, India. Afr J Biotechnol. 12 (19): 2699-2705.
- 20. Di Ventura M, Tittarelli M, Semproni G, et al. (2004). Serologi-al Surveillance of Bluetongue Virus in Cattle, Sheep and Goats in Albania. Vet Ital. 40 (3): 101-104.
- 21. Mahmoud M, Khafagi MH. (2014). Seroprevalence of Blueton-gue in Sheep and Goats in Egypt. Vet World. 7 (4): 205-208.
- 22. Oryan A, Amrabadi O, Mohagheghzadeh M. (2014). Seroprevalence of Bluetongue in Sheep and Goats in Southern Iran with an Overview of Four Decades of Its Epidemiological Status in Iran. Com Clin Pathol. 23 (5): 1515-1523.
- 23. Hasanpour A, Mosakhani F, Mirzaii H, Mostofi S. (2008). Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus Infection in Sheep in East-Azerbaijan Province in Iran. Res J Biol Sci. 3 (11): 1265-1270.
- 24. Gizaw D, Sibhat D, Ayalew B, Sehal M. (2016). Seroprevalence Study of Bluetongue Infection in Sheep and Goats in Selected Areas of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Vet J. 20 (1): 105-114.
- 25. Yousef MR, Al-Eesa AA, Al-Blowi MH. (2012). High Seropreva-lence of Bluetongue Virus Antibodies in Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Camel in Different Districts of Saudi Arabia. Vet World. 5 (7): 389-393.
- 26. Ma J-G, Zhang X-X, Zheng W-B, et al. (2017). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bluetongue Virus Infection in Tibetan Sheep and Yaks in Tibetan Plateau, China. BioMed Res Int. 2017:5139703
- 27. Gür S. (2008). An Investigation of Blue Tongue Virus Infection Using Competative ELISA in Afyonkarahisar province. Vet Bil Derg. 24 (1): 35-39.
- 28. Özgünlük I. (2003). Seroepidemiological Investigation of Blue-tongue (bt), Akabane (aka) and Ibaraki (iba) Disease in Cattle in Southeastern Project (GAP) area. Ankara Üniv Sağ Bil Enst, Doktora Tezi, Ankara.
- 29. Savini G, MacLachlan NJ, Sanchez-Vizcaino J-M, Zientara S. (2008). Vaccines Against Bluetongue in Europe. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 31 (2-3): 101-120.
- 30. Bulut O, Yavru S, Yapkic O, et al. (2006). Serological Investiga-tion of Bluetongue Virus Infection by Serum Neutralization Test and ELISA in Sheep and Goats. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 50 (3): 305.
- 31. Celik O, Sahin T. (2018). Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease in the Cattle in Siirt Province, Turkey. J Agric Vet Sci. 11 (12): 39-41.
- 32. Öztürk F, Yavru S, Eröz S. (1990). The Serological Survey On Bluetongue Virus Infection In Sheep. S Ü Vet Fak Derg. 6 (1): 37-40.
- 33. Yiğit G. (2009). Serological Investigation of Bluetongue Virus Infection by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) in Sheep in Konya Region, in Biology (Master thesis). Selcuk University, Institute of Science: Konya.
- 34. Yılmaz V, Yıldırım Y, Coşkun N. (2015). Serological Investigation of Bluetongue Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus Infections in Sheep in Kars Province of Turkey. Van Vet J. 26 (3): 119-122.
- 35. Girgin H, Yonguç A. (1988). Türkiye’deki Koyunların Mavidil Hastalığının Serolojik, Etiyolojik ve Patolojik Durumu Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Etlik Vet Mikrob Derg. 6: 13-24.
- 36. Özgünlük I, Cabalar M. (2013). Investigation of Bluetongue Virus (BTV Antibodies in Sheep and Goats in Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2: 12-17.
- 37. Uslu U, Dik B. (2004). Seasonal Distribution of Species Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Konya Province. Vet Bil Derg. 20 (4): 5-10.
- 38. Mellor P. (1994). Bluetongue. State Vet J. 4:7-10.
Abstract
Mavidil, evcil ve yabani
ruminantlarda görülen ve sokucu sineklerle bulaştırılan viral bir hastalıktır.
Hastalığın etkeni, Reoviridae ailesinin Orbivirus cinsi içinde yer alır ve
bilinen 24 serotipi bulunmaktadır. Hastalık Culicoides türü sinekler ile
yayılmaktadır. Bu araştırma, Siirt ilinin farklı lokalitelerinde yetiştirilen
koyunlarda mavidil enfeksiyonun varlığının serolojik olarak belirlenmesi ve
yöredeki yaygınlığı hakkında bilgi edinilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma
Ağustos 2017- Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasında Siirt ilinin farklı lokalitelerinde
yetiştirilen 1-3 yaş aralığında toplam 465 koyun üzerinde gerçekleştirildi.
Laboratuvar analizleri için koyunların vena jugularisinden antikoagulansız
tüplere 5 mL kan örneği alındı. Alınan örnekler 3000 devirde 10 dakika
santrifüje edilip serumları ependorf tüplerine aktarıldı ve analiz yapılıncaya
kadar -20 ºC de saklandı. Serum örneklerinde mavidil virüsü spesifik antikor
tespiti, ticari test kiti kullanılarak ELISA reader ile gerçekleştirildi.
Mavidil virüs antikor tespiti için yapılan analiz sonucunda çalışmanın
materyalini oluşturan 465 koyunun 340 (%73.12)’ı seropozitif bulunurken, 125 (%
26.88)’i seronegatif tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak; Siirt ilinin farklı
lokalitelerinde mavidil hastalığının seroprevalansı oldukça yüksek tespit
edilmiştir. Çalışma verileri dikkate alındığında teşhiste farklı tanı
yöntemlerinin kullanılması, hastalıkla mücadelede karantina ve vektör
kontrolüne yönelik önlemler yanında, virüs serotiplerine spesifik aşıların
kullanılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Keywords
References
- 1. Saltık HS, Kale M. (2017). Bluetongue Virus Disease. MAKÜ Sag Bil Enst Derg. 5 (1): 32-44.
- 2. Yıldırım Y, Burgu İ. (2005). The Seroprevalence of Bluetongue (BT), IBR, PI-3, EBL and BVD Infections in Cattle in Northeastern Anatolia. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 52: 113-117.
- 3. Henning M. (1956). Animal Diseases in South Africa. Vol. 3rd. South Africa: Central News Agency Ltd.
- 4. Wilson AJ, Mellor PS. (2009). Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future. Philos Trans Royal Soc B. 364 (1530): 2669-2681.
- 5. Albayrak H, Özan E. (2010). Seroprevalence of Some Arboviral Infections Transported Blood Sucking Insects in Ruminants and Equids in Middle Blacksea. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 16 (1): 33-36.
- 6. Studdert M, Pangborn J, Addison R. (1966). Bluetongue Virus Structure. Virology. 29 (3): 509-511.
- 7. Mellor P, Wittmann E. (2002). Bluetongue Virus in the Mediterranean Basin 1998–2001. Vet J. 164 (1): 20-37.
- 8. Kulaç E, Kırmızıgül AH, Yıldırım Y. (2016). Seroprevalance of Bluetongue Infection in Cattle in Rize Region. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg. 11 (2): 151-158.
- 9. Purse BV, Mellor PS, Rogers DJ, et al. (2006). Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe. Nat Rev Microbiol. 3: 171-181.
- 10. Toussaint J, Vandenbussche F, Mast J, et al. (2006). Bluetongue in Northern Europe. Vet Rec. 159 (10): 327.
- 11. Walton T. (2004). The History of Bluetongue and a Current Global Overview. Vet Ital. 40 (3): 31-38.
- 12. Tweedle N, Mellor P. (2002). Technical review–bluetongue: The virus, Hosts and Vectors. Veterinary Exotic Disease Divi-sion. DEFRA. Version. 1 21.
- 13. Darpel KE, Batten CA, Veronesi E, et al. (2009). Transplacental Transmission of Bluetongue Virus in Cattle, UK. Emerg Infect Dis. 15 (12): 2025.
- 14. Jacquot M, Nomikou K, Palmarini M, Mertens P, Biek R. (2017). Bluetongue Virus Spread in Europe is a Consequence of Climatic, Landscape and Vertebrate Host Factors as Revealed by Phylogeographic Inference. Proc R Soc B. 284 (1864): 20170919.
- 15. Marku N, Bërxholi K, Spahiu J, Sherifi K, Rexhepi A. (2016). Preliminary Results On Seroprevalence Of Bluetongue In Sheep In Kosovo. Scientific Works Series C. Veterinary Medici-ne. LXII (1):91-93.
- 16. Meteorology. (2018). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Available from: https://goo.gl/ud7dBK. Access date: 15.09.2017.
- 17. Yapici O, Bulut O, Avci O, et al. (2014). First Report on Serop-revalence of Bluetongue, Border Disease and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infections in Sheep in Kyrgyzstan. Indian J Anim Res. 8 (5): 469.
- 18. Odiawa G, Blue J, Tyler D, Shotts E. (1985). Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Ruminants in Georgia: Survey by Serotest and Virologic Isolation. Am J Vet Res. 46 (10): 2193-2196.
- 19. Bitew M, Nandi S, Ravishankar C, Somvanshi R. (2013). Serological and Molecular Evidence of Bluetongue in Sheep and Goats in Uttar Pradesh, India. Afr J Biotechnol. 12 (19): 2699-2705.
- 20. Di Ventura M, Tittarelli M, Semproni G, et al. (2004). Serologi-al Surveillance of Bluetongue Virus in Cattle, Sheep and Goats in Albania. Vet Ital. 40 (3): 101-104.
- 21. Mahmoud M, Khafagi MH. (2014). Seroprevalence of Blueton-gue in Sheep and Goats in Egypt. Vet World. 7 (4): 205-208.
- 22. Oryan A, Amrabadi O, Mohagheghzadeh M. (2014). Seroprevalence of Bluetongue in Sheep and Goats in Southern Iran with an Overview of Four Decades of Its Epidemiological Status in Iran. Com Clin Pathol. 23 (5): 1515-1523.
- 23. Hasanpour A, Mosakhani F, Mirzaii H, Mostofi S. (2008). Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Virus Infection in Sheep in East-Azerbaijan Province in Iran. Res J Biol Sci. 3 (11): 1265-1270.
- 24. Gizaw D, Sibhat D, Ayalew B, Sehal M. (2016). Seroprevalence Study of Bluetongue Infection in Sheep and Goats in Selected Areas of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Vet J. 20 (1): 105-114.
- 25. Yousef MR, Al-Eesa AA, Al-Blowi MH. (2012). High Seropreva-lence of Bluetongue Virus Antibodies in Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Camel in Different Districts of Saudi Arabia. Vet World. 5 (7): 389-393.
- 26. Ma J-G, Zhang X-X, Zheng W-B, et al. (2017). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bluetongue Virus Infection in Tibetan Sheep and Yaks in Tibetan Plateau, China. BioMed Res Int. 2017:5139703
- 27. Gür S. (2008). An Investigation of Blue Tongue Virus Infection Using Competative ELISA in Afyonkarahisar province. Vet Bil Derg. 24 (1): 35-39.
- 28. Özgünlük I. (2003). Seroepidemiological Investigation of Blue-tongue (bt), Akabane (aka) and Ibaraki (iba) Disease in Cattle in Southeastern Project (GAP) area. Ankara Üniv Sağ Bil Enst, Doktora Tezi, Ankara.
- 29. Savini G, MacLachlan NJ, Sanchez-Vizcaino J-M, Zientara S. (2008). Vaccines Against Bluetongue in Europe. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 31 (2-3): 101-120.
- 30. Bulut O, Yavru S, Yapkic O, et al. (2006). Serological Investiga-tion of Bluetongue Virus Infection by Serum Neutralization Test and ELISA in Sheep and Goats. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 50 (3): 305.
- 31. Celik O, Sahin T. (2018). Seroprevalence of Bluetongue Disease in the Cattle in Siirt Province, Turkey. J Agric Vet Sci. 11 (12): 39-41.
- 32. Öztürk F, Yavru S, Eröz S. (1990). The Serological Survey On Bluetongue Virus Infection In Sheep. S Ü Vet Fak Derg. 6 (1): 37-40.
- 33. Yiğit G. (2009). Serological Investigation of Bluetongue Virus Infection by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) in Sheep in Konya Region, in Biology (Master thesis). Selcuk University, Institute of Science: Konya.
- 34. Yılmaz V, Yıldırım Y, Coşkun N. (2015). Serological Investigation of Bluetongue Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus Infections in Sheep in Kars Province of Turkey. Van Vet J. 26 (3): 119-122.
- 35. Girgin H, Yonguç A. (1988). Türkiye’deki Koyunların Mavidil Hastalığının Serolojik, Etiyolojik ve Patolojik Durumu Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Etlik Vet Mikrob Derg. 6: 13-24.
- 36. Özgünlük I, Cabalar M. (2013). Investigation of Bluetongue Virus (BTV Antibodies in Sheep and Goats in Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2: 12-17.
- 37. Uslu U, Dik B. (2004). Seasonal Distribution of Species Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Konya Province. Vet Bil Derg. 20 (4): 5-10.
- 38. Mellor P. (1994). Bluetongue. State Vet J. 4:7-10.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | June 25, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 12 Issue: 1 |
Cite
DANIŞMA KURULU
Prof. Dr. Abit AKTAŞ, İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa
Prof. Dr. Yılmaz ARAL, Ankara Üniversitesi
Prof. Dr. Ali ARSLAN, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ
Prof. Dr. M. Sedat BARAN, Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır
Prof. Dr. Cengiz CEYLAN, Balıkesir Üniversitesi
Prof. Dr. Ahmet ÇAKIR, Ankara Üniversitesi
Prof. Dr. Burhan ÇETİNKAYA, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ
Prof. Dr. Ülker EREN, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın
Prof. Dr. Abdurrahman GÜL, Bingöl Üniversitesi
Prof. Dr. Hakki KARA, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Sivas
Prof. Dr. Narin LİMAN, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri
Prof. Dr. Abdullah ÖZEN, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ
Prof. Dr. Ayşe SERBEST, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Bursa
Prof. Dr. Kazım ŞAHİN, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ
Prof. Dr. Tekin ŞAHİN, Siirt Üniversitesi
Prof. Dr. Nihat ŞINDAK, Siirt Üniversitesi
Prof. Dr. Muzaffer TAŞ, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ
Prof. Dr. Necati TİMURKAN Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ
Prof. Dr. Emine ÜNSALDI, Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ
Prof. Dr. Murat YILDIRIM, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Doç. Dr. M. Osman ATLI, Harran Üniversitesi, Şanlıurfa
Doç. Dr. Bülent ELİTOK, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi
Doç. Dr. Serkan ERDOĞAN, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Zelal KARAKOÇ, Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ersin UYSAL, Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır
*Not: Yayın ve Danışma Kurulu Üyeleri alfabetik sıraya göre dizilmiştir.