Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 73 - 81, 29.12.2020

Abstract

Doksorubisin (DOX) göğüs kanseri ve hepatosellüler karsinomların yanı sıra sarkoma ve akut lenfoblastik lösemi gibi birçok kanser türünün tedavisinde de antineoplastik ajan olarak yaygın şekilde kullanılan bir antrasiklin antibiyotiktir. Ancak kronik veya yüksek dozlarda uygulandığında hepatotoksisiteye neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, doksorubisinin sıçan karaciğer dokularındaki doz bağımlı etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla, 30 adet Wistar albino ırkı sıçan 3 gruba ayrıldı: Grup I: Kontrol grubu, Grup II: Kümülatif dozda (2 mg/kg, haftada iki defa, toplam 20 mg/kg, i.p.) doksorubisin uygulanan Kronik DOX grubu, Grup III: Deneyin 20. günü tek doz (15 mg/kg, i.p.) doksorubisin uygulanan Akut DOX grubu. 30. günün sonunda, deney hayvanları sakrifiye edildi ve histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal analizler için karaciğer dokuları alındı. Karaciğer dokularından elde edilen kesitler hematoksilen-eozin ile boyandı ve dokulardaki TNF- ve IL-6 ekspresyonları immünohistokimyasal boyamalar ile belirlendi. Hem kronik hem de akut doksorubisin uygulamaları karaciğer dokularında ciddi bir hasara neden oldu. Bununla birlikte, akut tek doz doksorubisin uygulanan gruptaki karaciğer hasarının kümülatif dozda doksorubisin uygulanan gruptakinden daha fazla olduğu gözlendi. TNF- ve IL-6 ekspresyonlarının hem Kronik DOX grubunda hem de Akut DOX grubunda Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı belirlendi. Ancak, Akut DOX grubundaki TNF- immunoreaktivitesinin Kronik DOX grubuna göre anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı görüldü. Bu sonuçlar, akut tek doz olarak uygulanan doksorubisinin sıçan karaciğer dokularında kümülatif dozlara göre daha ciddi bir karaciğer hasarı ve inflamatuvar yanıt meydana getirdiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, doksorubisinin akut uygulamalarının koruyucu anti-inflamatuvar ajanlarla kombinasyon halinde kullanımına ilişkin çalışmaların artırılması tavsiye edilebilir.

Supporting Institution

Erciyes Üniversitesi

Project Number

FDK-2018-8165

References

  • Arnon J, Meirow D, Lewis-Roness H, Ornoy A. Genetic and teratogenic effects of cancer treatments on gametes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7(4):394-403.
  • Pugazhendhi A, Edison T, Velmurugan BK, Jacob JA, Karuppusamy I. Toxicity of Doxorubicin (Dox) to different experimental organ systems. Life Sci. 2018;200:26-30.
  • Yokochi T, Robertson KD. Doxorubicin inhibits DNMT1, resulting in conditional apoptosis. Mol Pharmacol. 2004;66(6):1415-20.
  • Ahmed F, Urooj A, Karim AA. Protective effects of Ficus racemosa stem bark against doxorubucin-induced renal and testicular toxicity. Pharmacogn Mag. 2013;9(34):130-4.
  • Malekinejad H, Janbaz-Acyabar H, Razi M, Varasteh S. Preventive and protective effects of silymarin on doxorubicin-induced testicular damages correlate with changes in c-myc gene expression. Phytomedicine. 2012;19(12):1077-84.
  • Miyata S, Takemura G, Kosai K, Takahashi T, Esaki M, Li L, et al. Anti-Fas gene therapy prevents doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity through mechanisms independent of apoptosis. Am J Pathol. 2010;176(2):687-98.
  • Omobowale TO, Oyagbemi AA, Ajufo UE, Adejumobi OA, Ola-Davies OE, Adedapo AA, et al. Ameliorative Effect of Gallic Acid in Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats Through Antioxidant Defense System. J Diet Suppl. 2018;15(2):183-96.
  • Trivedi PP, Tripathi DN, Jena GB. Hesperetin protects testicular toxicity of doxorubicin in rat: role of NFkappaB, p38 and caspase-3. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011;49(4):838-47.
  • Noronha IL, Niemir Z, Stein H, Waldherr R. Cytokines and growth factors in renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995;10(6):775-86.
  • He Y, Yang Z, Li J, Li E. Dexmedetomidine reduces the inflammation and apoptosis of doxorubicin-induced myocardial cells. Exp Mol Pathol. 2020;113:104371.
  • Zhang S, You ZQ, Yang L, Li LL, Wu YP, Gu LQ, et al. Protective effect of Shenmai injection on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via regulation of inflammatory mediators. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):317.
  • Nordgren KKS, Wallace KB. Disruption of the Keap1/Nrf2-Antioxidant Response System After Chronic Doxorubicin Exposure In Vivo. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2020;20(6):557-70.
  • Hinkley JM, Morton AB, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Huertas AM, Smuder AJ. Exercise Training Prevents Doxorubicin-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction of the Liver. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(6):1106-15.
  • Shivakumar P, Rani MU, Reddy AG, Anjaneyulu Y. A study on the toxic effects of Doxorubicin on the histology of certain organs. Toxicol Int. 2012;19(3):241-4.
  • Mansouri E, Jangaran A, Ashtari A. Protective effect of pravastatin on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2017;118(5):273-7.
  • Karabulut D, Ozturk E, Kuloglu N, Akin AT, Kaymak E, Yakan B. Effects of vitamin B12 on methotrexate hepatotoxicity: evaluation of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020;393(12):2473-80.
  • Sönmez MF, Ozdemir Ş, Guzel M, Kaymak E. The ameliorative effects of vinpocetine on apoptosis and HSP-70 expression in testicular torsion in rats. Biotech Histochem. 2017;92(2):92-9.
  • Bayatli F, Akkus D, Kilic E, Saraymen R, Sonmez MF. The protective effects of grape seed extract on MDA, AOPP, apoptosis and eNOS expression in testicular torsion: an experimental study. World J Urol. 2013;31(3):615-22.
  • Karabulut D, Ozturk E, Kaymak E, Akin AT, Yakan B. Thymoquinone attenuates doxorubicin-cardiotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020:e22618.
  • Sonmez MF, Karabulut D, Kilic E, Akalin H, Sakalar C, Gunduz Y, et al. The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on ghrelin expression in rat testis: biochemical and immunohistochemical study. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2015;53(1):26-34.
  • Sonmez MF, Kilic E, Karabulut D, Cilenk K, Deligonul E, Dundar M. Nitric oxide synthase in diabetic rat testicular tissue and the effects of pentoxifylline therapy. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2016;62(1):22-30.
  • Öztürk E, Kaymak E, Akin AT, Karabulut D, Ünsal HM, Yakan B. Thymoquinone is a protective agent that reduces the negative effects of doxorubicin in rat testis. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2020;39(10):1364-73.
  • Kaymak E, Akin AT, Tufan E, Başaran KE, Taheri S, Özdamar S, et al. The effect of chloroquine on the TRPC1, TRPC6, and CaSR in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in hypoxia-induced experimental pulmonary artery hypertension. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020:e22636.
  • Wang H, Wei W, Wang NP, Gui SY, Wu L, Sun WY, et al. Melatonin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrogenesis in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress. Life Sci. 2005;77(15):1902-15.
  • Okuyama H, Nakamura H, Shimahara Y, Araya S, Kawada N, Yamaoka Y, et al. Overexpression of thioredoxin prevents acute hepatitis caused by thioacetamide or lipopolysaccharide in mice. Hepatology. 2003;37(5):1015-25.
  • Li J, Li L, Li X, Wu S. Long noncoding RNA LINC00339 aggravates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting MiR-484. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018;503(4):3038-43.
  • El-Sayed EM, Mansour AM, El-Sawy WS. Protective effect of proanthocyanidins against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2017;31(11).
  • Hozayen W. Effect of hesperidin and rutin on doxorubicin induced testicular toxicity in male rats. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2012;1:31-42.
  • Jiang W, Guo H, Su D, Xu H, Gu H, Hao K. Ameliorative effect of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate on hepatic encephalopathy by Epirubicin. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;75:105774.
  • Swardfager W, Lanctôt K, Rothenburg L, Wong A, Cappell J, Herrmann N. A meta-analysis of cytokines in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68(10):930-41.

Comparison of the acute and cumulative dose administrations in doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity via evaluation of the histopathological changes and inflammation in rats

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 73 - 81, 29.12.2020

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic, and it is widely used as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of many cancer types such as sarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and as well as breast and liver cancers. However, it may lead to hepatotoxicity when administered chronically or in a high dose. The aim of this study is to determine dose-dependent effects of DOX in rat liver tissue. For this purpose, thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: Group I as Control; Group II: Chronic DOX administered cumulative dose of DOX (2 mg/kg, twice in a week, total 20 mg/kg, i.p); Groups III: Acute DOX group administered single dose DOX (15 mg/kg, i.p) at the 20th day of the experiment. At the end of the 30th day, animals were sacrificed, and liver tissues were extracted for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate the histopathological changes and TNF- and IL-6 expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Both chronic and acute administrations of DOX triggered significant liver damage. However, it was observed that liver damage induced by acute single dose DOX administrations were higher than those cumulative chronic DOX administrations. TNF- and IL-6 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in both Chronic DOX group and Acute DOX group compared to Control group. However, immunoreactivity of TNF- was substantially higher in the Acute DOX group compared to Chronic DOX group. These results demonstrated that acute administrations of DOX relatively induce serious liver damage and inflammatory response when compared to cumulative chronic administrations. In conclusion, it may be advisable to increase studies on the use of acute doses in combination with protective anti-inflammatory agents.

Project Number

FDK-2018-8165

References

  • Arnon J, Meirow D, Lewis-Roness H, Ornoy A. Genetic and teratogenic effects of cancer treatments on gametes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7(4):394-403.
  • Pugazhendhi A, Edison T, Velmurugan BK, Jacob JA, Karuppusamy I. Toxicity of Doxorubicin (Dox) to different experimental organ systems. Life Sci. 2018;200:26-30.
  • Yokochi T, Robertson KD. Doxorubicin inhibits DNMT1, resulting in conditional apoptosis. Mol Pharmacol. 2004;66(6):1415-20.
  • Ahmed F, Urooj A, Karim AA. Protective effects of Ficus racemosa stem bark against doxorubucin-induced renal and testicular toxicity. Pharmacogn Mag. 2013;9(34):130-4.
  • Malekinejad H, Janbaz-Acyabar H, Razi M, Varasteh S. Preventive and protective effects of silymarin on doxorubicin-induced testicular damages correlate with changes in c-myc gene expression. Phytomedicine. 2012;19(12):1077-84.
  • Miyata S, Takemura G, Kosai K, Takahashi T, Esaki M, Li L, et al. Anti-Fas gene therapy prevents doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity through mechanisms independent of apoptosis. Am J Pathol. 2010;176(2):687-98.
  • Omobowale TO, Oyagbemi AA, Ajufo UE, Adejumobi OA, Ola-Davies OE, Adedapo AA, et al. Ameliorative Effect of Gallic Acid in Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats Through Antioxidant Defense System. J Diet Suppl. 2018;15(2):183-96.
  • Trivedi PP, Tripathi DN, Jena GB. Hesperetin protects testicular toxicity of doxorubicin in rat: role of NFkappaB, p38 and caspase-3. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011;49(4):838-47.
  • Noronha IL, Niemir Z, Stein H, Waldherr R. Cytokines and growth factors in renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995;10(6):775-86.
  • He Y, Yang Z, Li J, Li E. Dexmedetomidine reduces the inflammation and apoptosis of doxorubicin-induced myocardial cells. Exp Mol Pathol. 2020;113:104371.
  • Zhang S, You ZQ, Yang L, Li LL, Wu YP, Gu LQ, et al. Protective effect of Shenmai injection on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via regulation of inflammatory mediators. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):317.
  • Nordgren KKS, Wallace KB. Disruption of the Keap1/Nrf2-Antioxidant Response System After Chronic Doxorubicin Exposure In Vivo. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2020;20(6):557-70.
  • Hinkley JM, Morton AB, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Huertas AM, Smuder AJ. Exercise Training Prevents Doxorubicin-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction of the Liver. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(6):1106-15.
  • Shivakumar P, Rani MU, Reddy AG, Anjaneyulu Y. A study on the toxic effects of Doxorubicin on the histology of certain organs. Toxicol Int. 2012;19(3):241-4.
  • Mansouri E, Jangaran A, Ashtari A. Protective effect of pravastatin on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2017;118(5):273-7.
  • Karabulut D, Ozturk E, Kuloglu N, Akin AT, Kaymak E, Yakan B. Effects of vitamin B12 on methotrexate hepatotoxicity: evaluation of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020;393(12):2473-80.
  • Sönmez MF, Ozdemir Ş, Guzel M, Kaymak E. The ameliorative effects of vinpocetine on apoptosis and HSP-70 expression in testicular torsion in rats. Biotech Histochem. 2017;92(2):92-9.
  • Bayatli F, Akkus D, Kilic E, Saraymen R, Sonmez MF. The protective effects of grape seed extract on MDA, AOPP, apoptosis and eNOS expression in testicular torsion: an experimental study. World J Urol. 2013;31(3):615-22.
  • Karabulut D, Ozturk E, Kaymak E, Akin AT, Yakan B. Thymoquinone attenuates doxorubicin-cardiotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020:e22618.
  • Sonmez MF, Karabulut D, Kilic E, Akalin H, Sakalar C, Gunduz Y, et al. The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on ghrelin expression in rat testis: biochemical and immunohistochemical study. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2015;53(1):26-34.
  • Sonmez MF, Kilic E, Karabulut D, Cilenk K, Deligonul E, Dundar M. Nitric oxide synthase in diabetic rat testicular tissue and the effects of pentoxifylline therapy. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2016;62(1):22-30.
  • Öztürk E, Kaymak E, Akin AT, Karabulut D, Ünsal HM, Yakan B. Thymoquinone is a protective agent that reduces the negative effects of doxorubicin in rat testis. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2020;39(10):1364-73.
  • Kaymak E, Akin AT, Tufan E, Başaran KE, Taheri S, Özdamar S, et al. The effect of chloroquine on the TRPC1, TRPC6, and CaSR in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in hypoxia-induced experimental pulmonary artery hypertension. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020:e22636.
  • Wang H, Wei W, Wang NP, Gui SY, Wu L, Sun WY, et al. Melatonin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrogenesis in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress. Life Sci. 2005;77(15):1902-15.
  • Okuyama H, Nakamura H, Shimahara Y, Araya S, Kawada N, Yamaoka Y, et al. Overexpression of thioredoxin prevents acute hepatitis caused by thioacetamide or lipopolysaccharide in mice. Hepatology. 2003;37(5):1015-25.
  • Li J, Li L, Li X, Wu S. Long noncoding RNA LINC00339 aggravates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting MiR-484. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018;503(4):3038-43.
  • El-Sayed EM, Mansour AM, El-Sawy WS. Protective effect of proanthocyanidins against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2017;31(11).
  • Hozayen W. Effect of hesperidin and rutin on doxorubicin induced testicular toxicity in male rats. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2012;1:31-42.
  • Jiang W, Guo H, Su D, Xu H, Gu H, Hao K. Ameliorative effect of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate on hepatic encephalopathy by Epirubicin. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;75:105774.
  • Swardfager W, Lanctôt K, Rothenburg L, Wong A, Cappell J, Herrmann N. A meta-analysis of cytokines in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68(10):930-41.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ali Akın 0000-0002-1408-8571

Emin Kaymak

Derya Karabulut

Züleyha Doğanyiğit

Tayfun Ceylan 0000-0002-0917-0378

Ayşe Toluk

Saim Özdamar

Project Number FDK-2018-8165
Publication Date December 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 1 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Akın A, Kaymak E, Karabulut D, Doğanyiğit Z, Ceylan T, Toluk A, Özdamar S. Comparison of the acute and cumulative dose administrations in doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity via evaluation of the histopathological changes and inflammation in rats. Exp Appl Med Sci. 2020;1(3):73-81.

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