Research Article
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Determination of effects of some alcohol blends on performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise in diesel engines

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 259 - 267, 20.12.2023

Nurullah Gültekin Halil Erdi Gülcan Murat Ciniviz

https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.1337150

Abstract

The use of alcohol-derived fuels produced from renewable resources is an effective method to reduce dependence on petroleum. However, alcohols can improve the combustion process by changing the fuel chemistry. In this way, performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise values can be improved in diesel engines. In this study; New fuel forms (D90E10, D90IB10, D80E10IB10, D77.5E10IB10DEE2.5, 75E10IB10DEE5) were formed by mixing ethanol, isobutanol and diethyl ether alcohols with diesel fuel in certain proportions. The fuels generated was used in experiments. The studies were conducted with four different loads (%25, 50, 75, and 100) at a constant speed (2800 rpm). The optimum fuel mixture was determined by examining the engine performance, exhaust emissions, mechanical vibrations and noise data obtained in the experiments. When the most important data output of the test results is evaluated; In tests with D75E10IB10DEE5 fuel, it was determined that smoke emissions were reduced by 24.6% and mechanical vibrations by 14.2% compared to standard diesel fuel at full load.

Keywords

Diesel engine alcohol blends performance emissions mechanical vibrations noise.

Thanks

The authors thank Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University and Selçuk University.

References

  • [1] Gültekin, N., Mayda, M., & Kilit, M. (2017). Benzin ve Dizel Motorlarda Devir Sayısının Titreşime Olan Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 39-43.
  • [2] Gürbüz, H., & Demirtürk, S. (2020). Investigation of dual-fuel combustion by different port injection fuels (Neat Ethanol and E85) in a DE95 diesel/ethanol blend fueled compression ignition engine. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 142(12), 122306.
  • [3] Shafiee, S., & Topal, E. (2008, June). An overview of fossil fuel reserve depletion time. In 31st IAEE International Conference, Istanbul (pp. 18-20).
  • [4] Ediger, V. Ş. (2019). An integrated review and analysis of multi-energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables. Energy Procedia, 156, 2-6.
  • [5] Cook, P. J. (2022). Resources and reserves in a carbon-constrained world. Mineral Economics, 35(3-4), 361-371.
  • [6] Yang, Y., Liu, Z., Saydaliev, H. B., & Iqbal, S. (2022). Economic impact of crude oil supply disruption on social welfare losses and strategic petroleum reserves. Resources Policy, 77, 102689.
  • [7] Gurbuz, H. (2020). The effect of H2 purity on the combustion, performance, emissions and energy costs in an SI engine. Thermal Science, 24(1 Part A), 37-49.
  • [8] Cinar, C., Uyumaz, A., Solmaz, H., Sahin, F., Polat, S., & Yilmaz, E. (2015). Effects of intake air temperature on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a HCCI engine fueled with the blends of 20% n-heptane and 80% isooctane fuels. Fuel Processing Technology, 130, 275-281.
  • [9] Agarwal, A. K. (2007). Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines. Progress in energy and combustion science, 33(3), 233-271.
  • [10] Vergel, O. A., Cárdenas, D., García-Contreras, R., & Mata, C. (2020). Bioethanol-Diesel Blends Used in Diesel Engines and Vehicles under Transient Operation. Bioethanol Technologies.
  • [11] Örs, İ., Sarıkoç, S., Atabani, A. E., & Ünalan, S. (2019). Experimental investigation of effects on performance, emissions and combustion parameters of biodiesel–diesel–butanol blends in a direct-injection CI engine. Biofuels.
  • [12] Örs, I., Sarıkoç, S., Atabani, A. E., Ünalan, S., & Akansu, S. O. (2018). The effects on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of DICI engine fuelled with TiO2 nanoparticles addition in diesel/biodiesel/n-butanol blends. Fuel, 234, 177-188.
  • [13] Chao, M. R., Lin, T. C., Chao, H. R., Chang, F. H., & Chen, C. B. (2001). Effects of methanol-containing additive on emission characteristics from a heavy-duty diesel engine. Science of the Total Environment, 279(1-3), 167-179.
  • [14] Yilmaz, N., & Davis, S. M. (2016). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends. Fuel, 181, 729-740.
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  • [16] Abu-Qudais, M., Haddad, O., & Qudaisat, M. (2000). The effect of alcohol fumigation on diesel engine performance and emissions. Energy conversion and management, 41(4), 389-399.
  • [17] Bilgin, A., Durgun, O., & Sahin, Z. (2002). The effects of diesel-ethanol blends on diesel engine performance. Energy sources, 24(5), 431-440.
  • [18] Mofijur, M., Rasul, M. G., & Hyde, J. J. P. E. (2015). Recent developments on internal combustion engine performance and emissions fuelled with biodiesel-diesel-ethanol blends. Procedia Engineering, 105, 658-664.
  • [19] Lujaji, F., Kristóf, L., Bereczky, A., & Mbarawa, M. (2011). Experimental investigation of fuel properties, engine performance, combustion and emissions of blends containing croton oil, butanol, and diesel on a CI engine. Fuel, 90(2), 505-510.
  • [20] Datta, A., & Mandal, B. K. (2016). Impact of alcohol addition to diesel on the performance combustion and emissions of a compression ignition engine. Applied thermal engineering, 98, 670-682.
  • [21] Emiroğlu, A. O., & Şen, M. (2018). Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of various alcohol blends in a single cylinder diesel engine. Fuel, 212, 34-40.
  • [22] Redel-Macías, M. D., Pinzi, S., Babaie, M., Zare, A., Cubero-Atienza, A., & Dorado, M. P. (2021). Bibliometric studies on emissions from diesel engines running on alcohol/diesel fuel blends. A case study about noise emissions. Processes, 9(4), 623.
  • [23] Zaman, Ç., Topgül, T., & Sarıdemir, S. (2022). İçten Yanmalı Motorlu Bir Taşıtta Titreşim ve Gürültünün Deneysel Olarak Belirlenmesi. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 10(2), 230-241.
  • [24] Topgül, T. O. L. G. A., SARIDEMİR, S., & Zaman, Ç. (2020). Tek Nokta Enjeksiyonlu Buji ile Ateşlemeli Bir Motorda Motor Devri ve Yükünün Motor Titreşimleri ve Gürültüye Etkisinin Deneysel İncelenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 8(3), 1948-1956.
  • [25] Sharma, N., Patel, C., Tiwari, N., & Agarwal, A. K. (2019). Experimental investigations of noise and vibration characteristics of gasoline-methanol blend fuelled gasoline direct injection engine and their relationship with combustion characteristics. Applied Thermal Engineering, 158, 113754.
  • [26] Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A., Ghobadian, B., Tavakoli-Hashjin, T., & Mohtasebi, S. S. (2012). Vibration analysis of a diesel engine using biodiesel and petrodiesel fuel blends. fuel, 102, 414-422.
  • [27] Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A., & Rezaei-Asl, A. (2016). The effect of added ethanol to diesel fuel on performance, vibration, combustion and knocking of a CI engine. Fuel, 185, 718-733.
  • [28] Morgul, O. K. (2021). Experimental analysis for assessing noise and vibration of the diesel engine fuelled with a butanol–diesel blend under different injection pressures and engine speeds. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(7), 2019-2030.
  • [29] Karagöz, M. (2020). Dizel-Metanol-Nanopartikül ile Çalışan Bir Dizel Motorda Titreşim ve Gürültü Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 8(3), 1995-2004.
  • [30] Kumar, B. R., & Saravanan, S. (2016). Use of higher alcohol biofuels in diesel engines: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 84-115.
  • [31] Zheng, Z., Li, C., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Zhong, X., & Yao, M. (2015). Experimental study on diesel conventional and low temperature combustion by fueling four isomers of butanol. Fuel, 141, 109-119.
  • [32] Kolhe, A. V., Malwe, P. D., Chopkar, Y., Panchal, H., Ağbulut, Ü., Mubarak, N. M., ... & Amesho, K. T. (2023). Performance analysis of biofuel–ethanol blends in diesel engine and its validation with computational fluid dynamics. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-21.
  • [33] Krishnan, M. G., Rajkumar, S., Thangaraja, J., & Devarajan, Y. (2023). Exploring the synergistic potential of higher alcohols and biodiesel in blended and dual fuel combustion modes in diesel engines: A comprehensive review. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 35, 101180.
  • [34]https://anadolumotor.com/uploads/teknik-olculer/antor-ad-320.pdf
  • [35] Qi, D. H., Chen, H., Geng, L. M., & Bian, Y. Z. (2011). Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel engine. Renewable energy, 36(4), 1252-1258.
  • [35] Patnaik, P. P., Jena, S. P., Acharya, S. K., & Das, H. C. (2017). Effect of FeCl3 and diethyl ether as additives on compression ignition engine emissions. Sustainable Environment Research, 27(3), 154-161.
  • [36] Banapurmath, N. R., Khandal, S. V., Swamy, R. L., & Chandrashekar, T. (2015). Alcohol (ethanol and diethyl ethyl ether)-diesel blended fuels for diesel engine applications-a feasible solution. Advances in Automobile Engineering, 4(1), 1-8.
  • [37] Paul, A., Bose, P. K., Panua, R., & Debroy, D. (2015). Study of performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder CI engine using diethyl ether and ethanol blends. Journal of the energy institute, 88(1), 1-10.
  • [38] Temizer, I., Gücer, F., & Cihan, Ö. (2022). A numerical approach in the investigation of the effects of diethyl ether and ethanol mixtures on combustion characteristics and NO emissions in a DI diesel engine. European Mechanical Science, 6(2), 110-118.
  • [39] FIRAT, M., Altun, Ş., Mutlu, O. K. C. U., & Varol, Y. (2021). Bir RCCI motorun yanma ve egzoz emisyon karakteristikleri üzerinde benzin ön karışım oranı ve motor yükünün etkisinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 541-554.
  • [40] Gülcan, H. E., & Ciniviz, M. (2023). The effect of pure methane energy fraction on combustion performance, energy analysis and environmental-economic cost indicators in a single-cylinder common rail methane-diesel dual fuel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 230, 120712.
  • [41] Gulcan, H. E., & Ciniviz, M. (2023). Experimental study on the effect of piston bowl geometry on the combustion performance and pollutant emissions of methane-diesel common rail dual-fuel engine. Fuel, 345, 128175.
  • [42] Gülcan, H. E., Gültekin, N., & Ciniviz, M. (2022). The Effect of Methanol-Dodecanol Addition on Performance and Smoke Emission in a CI Engine with Diesel Fuel. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 6(2), 207-213.
  • [43] Kumar, B. R., & Saravanan, S. (2016). Use of higher alcohol biofuels in diesel engines: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 84-115.
  • [44] Karabektas, M., & Hosoz, M. (2009). Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using isobutanol–diesel fuel blends. Renewable Energy, 34(6), 1554-1559.
  • [45] Ibrahim, A. (2016). Investigating the effect of using diethyl ether as a fuel additive on diesel engine performance and combustion. Applied Thermal Engineering, 107, 853-862.

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 259 - 267, 20.12.2023

Nurullah Gültekin Halil Erdi Gülcan Murat Ciniviz

https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.1337150

Abstract

References

  • [1] Gültekin, N., Mayda, M., & Kilit, M. (2017). Benzin ve Dizel Motorlarda Devir Sayısının Titreşime Olan Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 39-43.
  • [2] Gürbüz, H., & Demirtürk, S. (2020). Investigation of dual-fuel combustion by different port injection fuels (Neat Ethanol and E85) in a DE95 diesel/ethanol blend fueled compression ignition engine. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 142(12), 122306.
  • [3] Shafiee, S., & Topal, E. (2008, June). An overview of fossil fuel reserve depletion time. In 31st IAEE International Conference, Istanbul (pp. 18-20).
  • [4] Ediger, V. Ş. (2019). An integrated review and analysis of multi-energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables. Energy Procedia, 156, 2-6.
  • [5] Cook, P. J. (2022). Resources and reserves in a carbon-constrained world. Mineral Economics, 35(3-4), 361-371.
  • [6] Yang, Y., Liu, Z., Saydaliev, H. B., & Iqbal, S. (2022). Economic impact of crude oil supply disruption on social welfare losses and strategic petroleum reserves. Resources Policy, 77, 102689.
  • [7] Gurbuz, H. (2020). The effect of H2 purity on the combustion, performance, emissions and energy costs in an SI engine. Thermal Science, 24(1 Part A), 37-49.
  • [8] Cinar, C., Uyumaz, A., Solmaz, H., Sahin, F., Polat, S., & Yilmaz, E. (2015). Effects of intake air temperature on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a HCCI engine fueled with the blends of 20% n-heptane and 80% isooctane fuels. Fuel Processing Technology, 130, 275-281.
  • [9] Agarwal, A. K. (2007). Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines. Progress in energy and combustion science, 33(3), 233-271.
  • [10] Vergel, O. A., Cárdenas, D., García-Contreras, R., & Mata, C. (2020). Bioethanol-Diesel Blends Used in Diesel Engines and Vehicles under Transient Operation. Bioethanol Technologies.
  • [11] Örs, İ., Sarıkoç, S., Atabani, A. E., & Ünalan, S. (2019). Experimental investigation of effects on performance, emissions and combustion parameters of biodiesel–diesel–butanol blends in a direct-injection CI engine. Biofuels.
  • [12] Örs, I., Sarıkoç, S., Atabani, A. E., Ünalan, S., & Akansu, S. O. (2018). The effects on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of DICI engine fuelled with TiO2 nanoparticles addition in diesel/biodiesel/n-butanol blends. Fuel, 234, 177-188.
  • [13] Chao, M. R., Lin, T. C., Chao, H. R., Chang, F. H., & Chen, C. B. (2001). Effects of methanol-containing additive on emission characteristics from a heavy-duty diesel engine. Science of the Total Environment, 279(1-3), 167-179.
  • [14] Yilmaz, N., & Davis, S. M. (2016). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends. Fuel, 181, 729-740.
  • [15] Yao, C., Cheung, C. S., Cheng, C., Wang, Y., Chan, T. L., & Lee, S. C. (2008). Effect of diesel/methanol compound combustion on diesel engine combustion and emissions. Energy conversion and management, 49(6), 1696-1704.
  • [16] Abu-Qudais, M., Haddad, O., & Qudaisat, M. (2000). The effect of alcohol fumigation on diesel engine performance and emissions. Energy conversion and management, 41(4), 389-399.
  • [17] Bilgin, A., Durgun, O., & Sahin, Z. (2002). The effects of diesel-ethanol blends on diesel engine performance. Energy sources, 24(5), 431-440.
  • [18] Mofijur, M., Rasul, M. G., & Hyde, J. J. P. E. (2015). Recent developments on internal combustion engine performance and emissions fuelled with biodiesel-diesel-ethanol blends. Procedia Engineering, 105, 658-664.
  • [19] Lujaji, F., Kristóf, L., Bereczky, A., & Mbarawa, M. (2011). Experimental investigation of fuel properties, engine performance, combustion and emissions of blends containing croton oil, butanol, and diesel on a CI engine. Fuel, 90(2), 505-510.
  • [20] Datta, A., & Mandal, B. K. (2016). Impact of alcohol addition to diesel on the performance combustion and emissions of a compression ignition engine. Applied thermal engineering, 98, 670-682.
  • [21] Emiroğlu, A. O., & Şen, M. (2018). Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of various alcohol blends in a single cylinder diesel engine. Fuel, 212, 34-40.
  • [22] Redel-Macías, M. D., Pinzi, S., Babaie, M., Zare, A., Cubero-Atienza, A., & Dorado, M. P. (2021). Bibliometric studies on emissions from diesel engines running on alcohol/diesel fuel blends. A case study about noise emissions. Processes, 9(4), 623.
  • [23] Zaman, Ç., Topgül, T., & Sarıdemir, S. (2022). İçten Yanmalı Motorlu Bir Taşıtta Titreşim ve Gürültünün Deneysel Olarak Belirlenmesi. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 10(2), 230-241.
  • [24] Topgül, T. O. L. G. A., SARIDEMİR, S., & Zaman, Ç. (2020). Tek Nokta Enjeksiyonlu Buji ile Ateşlemeli Bir Motorda Motor Devri ve Yükünün Motor Titreşimleri ve Gürültüye Etkisinin Deneysel İncelenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 8(3), 1948-1956.
  • [25] Sharma, N., Patel, C., Tiwari, N., & Agarwal, A. K. (2019). Experimental investigations of noise and vibration characteristics of gasoline-methanol blend fuelled gasoline direct injection engine and their relationship with combustion characteristics. Applied Thermal Engineering, 158, 113754.
  • [26] Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A., Ghobadian, B., Tavakoli-Hashjin, T., & Mohtasebi, S. S. (2012). Vibration analysis of a diesel engine using biodiesel and petrodiesel fuel blends. fuel, 102, 414-422.
  • [27] Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A., & Rezaei-Asl, A. (2016). The effect of added ethanol to diesel fuel on performance, vibration, combustion and knocking of a CI engine. Fuel, 185, 718-733.
  • [28] Morgul, O. K. (2021). Experimental analysis for assessing noise and vibration of the diesel engine fuelled with a butanol–diesel blend under different injection pressures and engine speeds. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(7), 2019-2030.
  • [29] Karagöz, M. (2020). Dizel-Metanol-Nanopartikül ile Çalışan Bir Dizel Motorda Titreşim ve Gürültü Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 8(3), 1995-2004.
  • [30] Kumar, B. R., & Saravanan, S. (2016). Use of higher alcohol biofuels in diesel engines: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 84-115.
  • [31] Zheng, Z., Li, C., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Zhong, X., & Yao, M. (2015). Experimental study on diesel conventional and low temperature combustion by fueling four isomers of butanol. Fuel, 141, 109-119.
  • [32] Kolhe, A. V., Malwe, P. D., Chopkar, Y., Panchal, H., Ağbulut, Ü., Mubarak, N. M., ... & Amesho, K. T. (2023). Performance analysis of biofuel–ethanol blends in diesel engine and its validation with computational fluid dynamics. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-21.
  • [33] Krishnan, M. G., Rajkumar, S., Thangaraja, J., & Devarajan, Y. (2023). Exploring the synergistic potential of higher alcohols and biodiesel in blended and dual fuel combustion modes in diesel engines: A comprehensive review. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 35, 101180.
  • [34]https://anadolumotor.com/uploads/teknik-olculer/antor-ad-320.pdf
  • [35] Qi, D. H., Chen, H., Geng, L. M., & Bian, Y. Z. (2011). Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel engine. Renewable energy, 36(4), 1252-1258.
  • [35] Patnaik, P. P., Jena, S. P., Acharya, S. K., & Das, H. C. (2017). Effect of FeCl3 and diethyl ether as additives on compression ignition engine emissions. Sustainable Environment Research, 27(3), 154-161.
  • [36] Banapurmath, N. R., Khandal, S. V., Swamy, R. L., & Chandrashekar, T. (2015). Alcohol (ethanol and diethyl ethyl ether)-diesel blended fuels for diesel engine applications-a feasible solution. Advances in Automobile Engineering, 4(1), 1-8.
  • [37] Paul, A., Bose, P. K., Panua, R., & Debroy, D. (2015). Study of performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder CI engine using diethyl ether and ethanol blends. Journal of the energy institute, 88(1), 1-10.
  • [38] Temizer, I., Gücer, F., & Cihan, Ö. (2022). A numerical approach in the investigation of the effects of diethyl ether and ethanol mixtures on combustion characteristics and NO emissions in a DI diesel engine. European Mechanical Science, 6(2), 110-118.
  • [39] FIRAT, M., Altun, Ş., Mutlu, O. K. C. U., & Varol, Y. (2021). Bir RCCI motorun yanma ve egzoz emisyon karakteristikleri üzerinde benzin ön karışım oranı ve motor yükünün etkisinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 541-554.
  • [40] Gülcan, H. E., & Ciniviz, M. (2023). The effect of pure methane energy fraction on combustion performance, energy analysis and environmental-economic cost indicators in a single-cylinder common rail methane-diesel dual fuel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 230, 120712.
  • [41] Gulcan, H. E., & Ciniviz, M. (2023). Experimental study on the effect of piston bowl geometry on the combustion performance and pollutant emissions of methane-diesel common rail dual-fuel engine. Fuel, 345, 128175.
  • [42] Gülcan, H. E., Gültekin, N., & Ciniviz, M. (2022). The Effect of Methanol-Dodecanol Addition on Performance and Smoke Emission in a CI Engine with Diesel Fuel. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 6(2), 207-213.
  • [43] Kumar, B. R., & Saravanan, S. (2016). Use of higher alcohol biofuels in diesel engines: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 84-115.
  • [44] Karabektas, M., & Hosoz, M. (2009). Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using isobutanol–diesel fuel blends. Renewable Energy, 34(6), 1554-1559.
  • [45] Ibrahim, A. (2016). Investigating the effect of using diethyl ether as a fuel additive on diesel engine performance and combustion. Applied Thermal Engineering, 107, 853-862.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Acoustics and Noise Control (Excl. Architectural Acoustics), Dynamics, Vibration and Vibration Control, Internal Combustion Engines, Mechanical Vibrations and Noise
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nurullah Gültekin 0000-0002-0139-1352

Halil Erdi Gülcan 0000-0002-2328-5809

Murat Ciniviz 0000-0003-3512-6730

Publication Date December 20, 2023
Acceptance Date September 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gültekin, N., Gülcan, H. E., & Ciniviz, M. (2023). Determination of effects of some alcohol blends on performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise in diesel engines. European Mechanical Science, 7(4), 259-267. https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.1337150
AMA Gültekin N, Gülcan HE, Ciniviz M. Determination of effects of some alcohol blends on performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise in diesel engines. EMS. December 2023;7(4):259-267. doi:10.26701/ems.1337150
Chicago Gültekin, Nurullah, Halil Erdi Gülcan, and Murat Ciniviz. “Determination of Effects of Some Alcohol Blends on Performance, Emission, Mechanical Vibration and Noise in Diesel Engines”. European Mechanical Science 7, no. 4 (December 2023): 259-67. https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.1337150.
EndNote Gültekin N, Gülcan HE, Ciniviz M (December 1, 2023) Determination of effects of some alcohol blends on performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise in diesel engines. European Mechanical Science 7 4 259–267.
IEEE N. Gültekin, H. E. Gülcan, and M. Ciniviz, “Determination of effects of some alcohol blends on performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise in diesel engines”, EMS, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 259–267, 2023, doi: 10.26701/ems.1337150.
ISNAD Gültekin, Nurullah et al. “Determination of Effects of Some Alcohol Blends on Performance, Emission, Mechanical Vibration and Noise in Diesel Engines”. European Mechanical Science 7/4 (December 2023), 259-267. https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.1337150.
JAMA Gültekin N, Gülcan HE, Ciniviz M. Determination of effects of some alcohol blends on performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise in diesel engines. EMS. 2023;7:259–267.
MLA Gültekin, Nurullah et al. “Determination of Effects of Some Alcohol Blends on Performance, Emission, Mechanical Vibration and Noise in Diesel Engines”. European Mechanical Science, vol. 7, no. 4, 2023, pp. 259-67, doi:10.26701/ems.1337150.
Vancouver Gültekin N, Gülcan HE, Ciniviz M. Determination of effects of some alcohol blends on performance, emission, mechanical vibration and noise in diesel engines. EMS. 2023;7(4):259-67.
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