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Fumigant toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil against immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Year 2016, Volume: 40 Issue: 4, 0 - 0, 21.12.2016

Melek Güdek Hüseyin Çetin

Abstract

The cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major pest of stored legumes seeds such as cowpea, chickpea, lentil, soybean, bean in both Turkey and many other countries. In this study, the fumigant effect of the essential oil obtained from rosemary [Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae)] plant was investigated against eggs, first and last-instar larvae and pupae of C. maculatus in chickpea. The study was conducted at Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection Entomology Laboratory under conditions at 28±2°C temperature, 55±5% relative humidity and fully dark conditions in 2013. As parallel to the increase of exposure time and applied dose, an increase occurred in mortality of immature stages of C. maculatus. First instar larvae and eggs were the most susceptible stages to rosemary oil while the pupae and last-instar larvae were the most tolerance stages. LC50 values for eggs, first and last instar larvae and pupae were found as 34.57, 27.64, 60.39 and 60.34 µl/l for 24 h exposure time of rosemary essential oil vapor, respectively. At 50 µl/l air dose of rosemary oil and exposure time of 24 h, mortality rates of eggs, first instar larvae, last instar larvae and pupae were determined 100, 91.33, 56 and 46%, respectively. In conclusion, rosemary essential oil showed high fumigant toxicity against the immature stages of C. maculatus.

Keywords

Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil fumigant toxicity Callosobruchus maculatus immature stages

References

  • Alam, M. S., S. S. Shaukat, M. Ahmed, S. Igbal & A. Ahmad, 1999. A survey of resistance to phosphine in some Coleopterous pests of stored wheat and rice grain in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2 (3): 623-626.
  • Al-Sarar, A. S., H. I. Hussein, Y. Abobakr, A. E. Bayoumi & M. T. Al-Otaibi, 2014. Fumigant toxicity and antiacetylcholineterase activity of saudi Mentha longifolia and Lavandula dentata species against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 38 (1): 11-18.
  • Anonymous, 2014. Yemeklik tane baklagiller. (Web page:www.ziraattube.com/m/1402/yemeklik tane baklagiller.html), (Erişim tarihi: 10.04.2014)
  • Baidoo, P. K., M. B. Mochiah & M. O. Akyaw, 2010. The effect of time of harvest on the damage caused by the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 1 (3): 24-28.
  • Başkaya, Ş., F. Ayanoğlu & N. P. Bahadırlı, 2016. Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) bitkisinin uçucu yağ oranı, uçucu yağ bileşenler ve antioksidan içeriğinde morfogenetik ve ontogenetik varyabilite. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21 (1): 12-20.
  • Benhalima, H., M. Q. Chaudhry, K. A. Mills & N. R. Price, 2004. Phosphine resistance in stored product insects collected from various grain storage facilities in Morocco. Journal of Stored Products Research, 40: 241-249.
  • Boxall, R. A., 2001. Post-harvest losses to insect-a world overview. International Biodeterioration and Biodegration, 48: 137-152.
  • Çağırgan, O., 2010. Farklı Nohut Çeşitlerinin Börülce Tohum Böceği (Callosobruchus maculatusF.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)’ne Karşı Dayanıklılığının Belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış) Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuklu, Konya, 38s.
  • Çetin, H., M. Uysal, Ö. Alaoğlu &A. Şahbaz, 2009. Asetonun fasülye tohum böceği [Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)]’ne fumigant etkisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 33 (1): 23-30.
  • Çetin, H., M. Uysal, A. Şahbaz, Ö. Alaoğlu, A. Akgül & M. Özcan, 2014. Tıbbi ve aromatik bitki uçucu yağlarının fasulye tohum böceği (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) erginlerine fumigant etkileri. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 1 (1): 6-11.
  • El- Nahal, A. K. M., G. H. Schmidt & E. M. Riska, 1989. Vapours of Acorus calamus oil- a space treatment for stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 25: 211-216.
  • Ferizli, A. G. & M. Emekçi, 2000. “Carbon dioxide fumigation as a Methyl bromide alternative for the dried fig industry,81-91”. Annual International Research Conference on Methyl bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, (6-9, November, 2000, Orlando, Florida) Proceedings.
  • Ferizli, A. G. & M. Emekçi, 2010. “Depolanmış ürün zararlılarıyla savaşım, sorunlar ve çözüm yolları, 579-587”. TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Ziraat Mühendisliği VII. Teknik Kongresi (11-15 Ocak 2010 Ankara) Bildiriler Kitabı, 2, 1300 s.
  • Isikber, A. A., M. H. Alma, M. Kanat & A. Karci, 2006. Fumigation toxicity of essential oils from Laurus nobilis and Rosmarinus officinalis against all life stages of Tribolium confusum. Phytoparasitica, 34: 167-177.
  • Isman, M. B., 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease manegement. Crop Protection, 19: 603-608.
  • Karakoç, Ö. C., A. Gökçe & İ. Telci, 2006. Bazı bitki uçucu yağlarının Sitophilus oryzae L., Sitophilus granarius L. (Col.: Curculionidae) ve Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. (Col.: Bruchidae)’a karşı fumigant etkileri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 30 (2): 123-135.
  • Ketoh, G. K., H. K. Koumaglo & I. A. Glitho, 2005. Inhibition Callosabruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) development with essential oil exracted from Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng. (Poaceae), and the wasp Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 41: 363-371.
  • Khani, A. & J. Asghari, 2012. Insecticide activity of essential oils of Mentha longifolia, Pulicaria gnaphalodes and Achiilea wilhelmsii against two stored product pests, the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum and the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus. Journal of Insect Science, 12 (73): 1-10.
  • LeOra Software, 1994. Polo-PC a User’s Guide to Probit or Logit Analysis, 1119 Shattuck Avenue, Berkeley, CA, 94707.
  • Mahfuz, I. & M. Khalequzzaman, 2007. Contact and fumigant toxicity of essential oils against Callosobruchus maculatus. University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University, 26: 63-66.
  • Odeyemi, O. O., O. A. Gbaye & O. Akeju, 2006. “Resistance of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) to primiphos methyl in three zones in Nigeria, 324-329”. Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (15-18 October 2006, Sao Paulo, Brazil), 1351 pp.
  • Ofuya, T. I., O. F. Olotah & O. J. Ogunsolo, 2010. Fumigant toxicity of crushed bulbs of two Allium species to Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Chilean Journal of Agricultural. Research, 70: 510-514.
  • Papachristos, D. P. & D. C. Stamopoulos, 2002. Toxicity of vapours of three essential oils to the immature tages of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 38 (4): 365-373.
  • Papachristos, D. P. & D. C. Stamopoulos, 2004. Fumigant toxicity of three essential oils on the eggs of Acanthoscelides obtectus (say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 40 (5): 517-525.
  • Raja, N., S. Albert, S. Ignacimuthu & S. Dorn, 2001. Effect of plant volatile oils in protecting stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) infestation. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37: 127-132.
  • Risha, E. M., A. K. M. El-Nahal & G. H. Schmidt, 1990. Toxicity of vapours of Acorus calamus L. oil to the immature stages of some stored- product Coleoptera. Journal of Stored Products Research, 26 (3): 133-137.
  • Saraç, A. & I. Tunç, 1995. Toxicity of essential oil vapours to stored product insects. Zeitschrift Fuer Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 102: 69-74.
  • SPSS, 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
  • Selimoğlu, T., A. Gökçe & D. Yanar, 2015. Bazı bitki uçucu yağlarının Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) üzerindeki fumigant toksisiteleri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 39 (1): 109-118.
  • Topuz, E. & N. Madanlar, 2011. Bazı bitkisel kökenli uçucu yağların Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval, 1867) (Acari: Tetranychidae) üzerine kontakt ve repellent etkileri. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 1 (2): 99-107.
  • Tripathi, A. K., V. Prajapati, K. K. Aggarwal & S. Kumar, 2001. Insecticidal and ovicidal activity of essential oil of Anethum sowa Kurz against Callosabruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 21 (1): 61-66.
  • Zettler, J. L., 1982. Insecticide resistance in selected stored product insects infesting peanuts in the South- Eastern United States. Journal Economic Entomology, 75: 359-362.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) uçucu yağının Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)’un ergin öncesi dönemlerine karşı fumigant toksisitesi

Year 2016, Volume: 40 Issue: 4, 0 - 0, 21.12.2016

Melek Güdek Hüseyin Çetin

Abstract

Türkiye’de ve birçok ülkede Börülce tohum böceği, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) börülce, nohut, mercimek, soya fasulyesi, kuru fasulye gibi depolanan baklagil tohumlarında önemli bir zararlıdır. Bu çalışmada, nohutta Börülce tohum böceğinin yumurtalarına, dane içerisindeki ilk ve son dönem larvalarına ve pupalarına karşı biberiye [Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae)] uçucu yağının fumigant toksisitesi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, 2013 yılında Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü Entomoloji Laboratuvarında 28±2⁰C sıcaklık, %55±5 orantılı nem ve tamamen karanlık ortamda yürütülmüştür. Doz ve maruz bırakma süresinin artışına paralel olarak C. maculatus’un ergin öncesi dönemlerinin ölüm oranlarının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ergin öncesi dönemler içerisinde en hassas dönemlerin yumurta ve birinci larva dönemi olurken, en dayanıklı dönemlerin ise pupa ve son dönem larvaların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 24 saat süreyle biberiye uçucu yağının gaz haline maruz bırakılan yumurtaların, birinci dönem larvaların, son dönem larvaların ve pupaların LC50 değerleri sırasıyla 34.57, 27.64, 60.39 ve 60.34 µl/l hava olarak belirlenmiştir. Biberiye uçucu yağın 50 µl/l hava konsantrasyonuna24 saat süreyle maruz bırakılan yumurta, birinci dönem larva, son dönem larva ve pupalarda sırasıyla, %100, 91, 56 ve 46’ya varan ölüm oranları tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak biberiye uçucu yağının C. maculatus’un ergin öncesi dönemlerine karşı yüksek fumigant toksisiteye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Rosmarinus officinalis uçucu yağ fumigant toksisite Callosobruchus maculatus ergin öncesi dönemler

References

  • Alam, M. S., S. S. Shaukat, M. Ahmed, S. Igbal & A. Ahmad, 1999. A survey of resistance to phosphine in some Coleopterous pests of stored wheat and rice grain in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2 (3): 623-626.
  • Al-Sarar, A. S., H. I. Hussein, Y. Abobakr, A. E. Bayoumi & M. T. Al-Otaibi, 2014. Fumigant toxicity and antiacetylcholineterase activity of saudi Mentha longifolia and Lavandula dentata species against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 38 (1): 11-18.
  • Anonymous, 2014. Yemeklik tane baklagiller. (Web page:www.ziraattube.com/m/1402/yemeklik tane baklagiller.html), (Erişim tarihi: 10.04.2014)
  • Baidoo, P. K., M. B. Mochiah & M. O. Akyaw, 2010. The effect of time of harvest on the damage caused by the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 1 (3): 24-28.
  • Başkaya, Ş., F. Ayanoğlu & N. P. Bahadırlı, 2016. Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) bitkisinin uçucu yağ oranı, uçucu yağ bileşenler ve antioksidan içeriğinde morfogenetik ve ontogenetik varyabilite. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21 (1): 12-20.
  • Benhalima, H., M. Q. Chaudhry, K. A. Mills & N. R. Price, 2004. Phosphine resistance in stored product insects collected from various grain storage facilities in Morocco. Journal of Stored Products Research, 40: 241-249.
  • Boxall, R. A., 2001. Post-harvest losses to insect-a world overview. International Biodeterioration and Biodegration, 48: 137-152.
  • Çağırgan, O., 2010. Farklı Nohut Çeşitlerinin Börülce Tohum Böceği (Callosobruchus maculatusF.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)’ne Karşı Dayanıklılığının Belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış) Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuklu, Konya, 38s.
  • Çetin, H., M. Uysal, Ö. Alaoğlu &A. Şahbaz, 2009. Asetonun fasülye tohum böceği [Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)]’ne fumigant etkisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 33 (1): 23-30.
  • Çetin, H., M. Uysal, A. Şahbaz, Ö. Alaoğlu, A. Akgül & M. Özcan, 2014. Tıbbi ve aromatik bitki uçucu yağlarının fasulye tohum böceği (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) erginlerine fumigant etkileri. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 1 (1): 6-11.
  • El- Nahal, A. K. M., G. H. Schmidt & E. M. Riska, 1989. Vapours of Acorus calamus oil- a space treatment for stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 25: 211-216.
  • Ferizli, A. G. & M. Emekçi, 2000. “Carbon dioxide fumigation as a Methyl bromide alternative for the dried fig industry,81-91”. Annual International Research Conference on Methyl bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, (6-9, November, 2000, Orlando, Florida) Proceedings.
  • Ferizli, A. G. & M. Emekçi, 2010. “Depolanmış ürün zararlılarıyla savaşım, sorunlar ve çözüm yolları, 579-587”. TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Ziraat Mühendisliği VII. Teknik Kongresi (11-15 Ocak 2010 Ankara) Bildiriler Kitabı, 2, 1300 s.
  • Isikber, A. A., M. H. Alma, M. Kanat & A. Karci, 2006. Fumigation toxicity of essential oils from Laurus nobilis and Rosmarinus officinalis against all life stages of Tribolium confusum. Phytoparasitica, 34: 167-177.
  • Isman, M. B., 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease manegement. Crop Protection, 19: 603-608.
  • Karakoç, Ö. C., A. Gökçe & İ. Telci, 2006. Bazı bitki uçucu yağlarının Sitophilus oryzae L., Sitophilus granarius L. (Col.: Curculionidae) ve Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. (Col.: Bruchidae)’a karşı fumigant etkileri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 30 (2): 123-135.
  • Ketoh, G. K., H. K. Koumaglo & I. A. Glitho, 2005. Inhibition Callosabruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) development with essential oil exracted from Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng. (Poaceae), and the wasp Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 41: 363-371.
  • Khani, A. & J. Asghari, 2012. Insecticide activity of essential oils of Mentha longifolia, Pulicaria gnaphalodes and Achiilea wilhelmsii against two stored product pests, the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum and the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus. Journal of Insect Science, 12 (73): 1-10.
  • LeOra Software, 1994. Polo-PC a User’s Guide to Probit or Logit Analysis, 1119 Shattuck Avenue, Berkeley, CA, 94707.
  • Mahfuz, I. & M. Khalequzzaman, 2007. Contact and fumigant toxicity of essential oils against Callosobruchus maculatus. University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University, 26: 63-66.
  • Odeyemi, O. O., O. A. Gbaye & O. Akeju, 2006. “Resistance of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) to primiphos methyl in three zones in Nigeria, 324-329”. Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (15-18 October 2006, Sao Paulo, Brazil), 1351 pp.
  • Ofuya, T. I., O. F. Olotah & O. J. Ogunsolo, 2010. Fumigant toxicity of crushed bulbs of two Allium species to Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Chilean Journal of Agricultural. Research, 70: 510-514.
  • Papachristos, D. P. & D. C. Stamopoulos, 2002. Toxicity of vapours of three essential oils to the immature tages of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 38 (4): 365-373.
  • Papachristos, D. P. & D. C. Stamopoulos, 2004. Fumigant toxicity of three essential oils on the eggs of Acanthoscelides obtectus (say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 40 (5): 517-525.
  • Raja, N., S. Albert, S. Ignacimuthu & S. Dorn, 2001. Effect of plant volatile oils in protecting stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) infestation. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37: 127-132.
  • Risha, E. M., A. K. M. El-Nahal & G. H. Schmidt, 1990. Toxicity of vapours of Acorus calamus L. oil to the immature stages of some stored- product Coleoptera. Journal of Stored Products Research, 26 (3): 133-137.
  • Saraç, A. & I. Tunç, 1995. Toxicity of essential oil vapours to stored product insects. Zeitschrift Fuer Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 102: 69-74.
  • SPSS, 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
  • Selimoğlu, T., A. Gökçe & D. Yanar, 2015. Bazı bitki uçucu yağlarının Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) üzerindeki fumigant toksisiteleri. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 39 (1): 109-118.
  • Topuz, E. & N. Madanlar, 2011. Bazı bitkisel kökenli uçucu yağların Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval, 1867) (Acari: Tetranychidae) üzerine kontakt ve repellent etkileri. Türkiye Entomoloji Bülteni, 1 (2): 99-107.
  • Tripathi, A. K., V. Prajapati, K. K. Aggarwal & S. Kumar, 2001. Insecticidal and ovicidal activity of essential oil of Anethum sowa Kurz against Callosabruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 21 (1): 61-66.
  • Zettler, J. L., 1982. Insecticide resistance in selected stored product insects infesting peanuts in the South- Eastern United States. Journal Economic Entomology, 75: 359-362.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Melek Güdek

Hüseyin Çetin

Publication Date December 21, 2016
Submission Date March 11, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 40 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Güdek, M., & Çetin, H. (2016). Fumigant toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil against immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40(4). https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.287090
AMA Güdek M, Çetin H. Fumigant toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil against immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). TED. October 2016;40(4). doi:10.16970/entoted.287090
Chicago Güdek, Melek, and Hüseyin Çetin. “Fumigant Toxicity of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) Essential Oil Against Immature Stages of Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 40, no. 4 (October 2016). https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.287090.
EndNote Güdek M, Çetin H (October 1, 2016) Fumigant toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil against immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 40 4
IEEE M. Güdek and H. Çetin, “Fumigant toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil against immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)”, TED, vol. 40, no. 4, 2016, doi: 10.16970/entoted.287090.
ISNAD Güdek, Melek - Çetin, Hüseyin. “Fumigant Toxicity of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) Essential Oil Against Immature Stages of Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 40/4 (October 2016). https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.287090.
JAMA Güdek M, Çetin H. Fumigant toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil against immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). TED. 2016;40. doi:10.16970/entoted.287090.
MLA Güdek, Melek and Hüseyin Çetin. “Fumigant Toxicity of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) Essential Oil Against Immature Stages of Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 40, no. 4, 2016, doi:10.16970/entoted.287090.
Vancouver Güdek M, Çetin H. Fumigant toxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) essential oil against immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). TED. 2016;40(4).
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