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Contact toxicities of some plant extracts in Apiaceae family on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Year 2017, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 243 - 250, 22.07.2017

Sibel Yorulmaz Salman Emine Bayram

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.290462
Cited By: 1

Abstract

The contact toxicities of extracts of anise (Pimpinella anisum
L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cumin (Cuminum cyminum
L.), dill (Anethum graveolens) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare
Mill.) plants, included in the Apiaceae, prepared with water on different
stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836, were studied. The study
was conducted in a laboratory and insect breeding rooms between in 2015-2016.
Leaf disc - spray tower method was used for the purpose of determining toxic
effects of the plant extracts. The effect of plant extracts on adult and
protonymphs stages of T. urticae were determined. Also, the effects of plant
extracts were determined on the hatching of T. urticae eggs. Four
different concentration of extracts were tested;1, 3, 6 and 12%. The
experiments consisted of one control and four replicates for each
concentration. Fifteen individuals were included in each repeat. Dead-live
counts were made 1, 3 and 6 days after treatment to determine contact effects
of the extracts. It was found that the contact effects of plant extracts on T.
urticae adult and protonymphs increased with rising concentration, caused 100%
death on T. urticae adults and nymphs at 12% after 6 days. Also, the
greatest effect on T. urticae egg hatching was in dill extracts with
mortality of over 91%. It is considered that these plant extracts may
constitute an alternative acaricides for control T. urticae.    

Keywords

Apiaceae plant extracts Tetranychus urticae toxicity

References

  • Abbot, W. S., 1925. A method of comparing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265–267.
  • Attia S., L. K., Grissa, G., Lognay, E., Bitume, T, Hance & A. C. Mailleux, 2013. A review of the major biological approaches to control the worldwide pest Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) with special reference to natural pesticides Biological approaches to control Tetranychus urticae. Journal of Pest Science, 86:361–386.
  • Badawy, M. E. L., S. A. A., EI-Arami & S. A. M. Abdelgaleil, 2010. Acaricidial and quantitative structure activity relationship of monoterpenes against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Expemerimental and Applied Acarology, 52: 261–274.
  • Brandenburg, R. L. & G.G., Kennedy, 1987. Ecological and agricultural considerations in the management of twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Agricultural Zoology and Review, 2: 185-36.
  • Calmasur, Ö., İ., Aslan & F., Sahin, 2006. Insecticidal and acaraicidal effect of three Lamiaceae plant essential oils against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Bemisia tabaci Genn. Industrial Crops and Products, 23:140–146.
  • Cavalcanti, S. C. H., E. S., Niculau, A. F., Blank, C. A. G., Camara, I. N., Araujo & B. P., Alves, 2010. Composition and acaricidal activity of Lippia sidoides essential oils against two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Bioresource Technology, 101: 829–832.
  • Chermenskaya, T. D., E. A., Stepanycheva, A. V., Shchenikova & A. S., Chakaeva, 2010. Insectoacaricidal and deterrent activities of extracts of Kyrgyzstan plants againstthree agricultural pests. Industrial Crops and Products, 32: 157–163.
  • Choi, W. I., S. G., Lee, H. M., Park & Y. J., Ahn, 2004. Toxicity of plant essential oils to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 553–558.
  • Coelho B. P. J., M. C., Young, A. M., Giesbretch, N.F., Roque & V. S., Bolzani, 2001. Antifungal polysulphides from Petiveria aliacea L. Phytochemistry, 57: 743–747.
  • El-Sharabasy, H. M., 2010. Acaricidal activities of Artemisia judaica L. extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias Henriot (Tetranychidae : Phytoseiidae). Journal of Biopesticides, 3(2):514 - 519.
  • Erdogan, P., A., Yildirim & B., Sever, 2012. Investigations on the effects of five different plant extracts on the two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arachnida:Tetranychidae). Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/125284.
  • Feng, R. & M. B., Isman, 1995. Selection for resistance to azadirachtin in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Experiantia, 51:831-833.
  • Feyereisen, R., 1995. Molecular biology of insecticide resistance. Toxicology Letters, 82/83: 83-90.
  • Ghaderia, S., K., Minaeia, V., Rowshanb & M., Ghamadyaric, 2013. Toxicity and ovicidal activity of different plant extracts on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 46:(1) 120–126.
  • Grbic, M., T., Van Leeuwen, R.M., Clark, S., Rombauts, P., Rouze, V., Grbic, E.J., Osborne, W., Dermauw, P.C.T., Ngoc, F., Ortego, P.H., Crespo, I., Diaz, M., Martinez, M., Navajas E., Sucena, S., Magalhaes, L., Nagy, R.M., Pace, S., Djuranovic, G., Smagghe, M., Iga, O., Christiaens, J.A., Veenstra, J., Ewer, R.M., Villalobos, J.L., Hutter, S.D., Hudson, M., Velez, S.V., Yi, J., Zeng, A.P., daSilva, F., Roch, M., Cazaux, M., Navarro, V., Zhurov, G., Acevedo, A., Bjelica, J.A., Fawcett, E., Bonnet, C., Martens, G., Baele, L., Wissler, A.S., Rodriguez, L., Tirry, C., Blais, K., Demeestere, S.R., Henz, T.R., Gregory, J., Mathieu, L., Verdon, L., Farinelli, J., Schmutz, E.E., Lindquist, R., Feyereisen & Y.V., Pee, 2011. Thegenome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations. Nature 479: 487-492.
  • Isman, M.B. & Y., Akhtar, 2007. Plant natural products as a source for developingenvironmentally acceptable insecticides. In: Ishaaya, I., Nauen, R., Horowitz,A.R. (Eds.), Insecticides Design Using Advanced Technologies. Springer-Verlag,Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 235–248.
  • Jeppson, L.R., H.H., Keifer, E.W. Baker, 1975. Mites Injurious to Economic Plants. University of California Press, Berkeley. 614pp.
  • Jeon, J.H. & HS. Lee, 2011. Acaricidal activity of Tabebuia impetiginosa bark-derivedconstituent against domestic and spider mites (Arachnida: Acari). Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 54: 551–557.
  • Kumral, N. A., S., Çobanoglu & C., Yalçın, 2010. Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Journal of Pest Science, 83:173–180
  • Laborda, R., I., Manzano, M., Gamon, I., Gavidia, P., Perez-Bermudez & R., Boluda, 2013. Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis essential oils on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Industrial Crops and Products, 48: 106–110.
  • Lee, Y.S., M.H., Song, K.S., Ahn, K.Y., Lee, J.W., Kim, S.C., Shin & G.H., Kim, 2003. Monitoring of acaricide resistance in two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) populations from rose green houses in Korea. Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology, 5: 237–240.
  • Liang, G.M., W., Chen & T.X., Liu, 2003. Effect of three neem-based insecticides on diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Crop Protection, 22: 333–340.
  • Martinez-Villar, E., F.J., Saenz-De-Cabezon, F., Moreno-Grijalba, V., Marco & I.P., Moreno, 2005. Effects of azadirachtin on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 35: 215–222.
  • Prakash, A. & J., Rao, 1997. Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture. CRC Press/Lewis publisher, Boca Raton/New York/London/Tokyo.
  • Rasikari, H.L., D.N., Leach, P.G., Waterman, R.N., Spooner-Hart, A.H., Basta, L.K. & Banburyl, 2005. Acaricidal and cytotoxic activities of extracts from selected genera of Australian Lamiaceae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98:1259–1266.
  • Rezaie, F. & M., Yarnia, 2009. Allelopathic effects of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and Cynodon dactylon on germination and growth of safflower. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 7(2): 516-521.
  • Saber, S. A., 2004. Influence of Artemisia monosperma Del. extracts on repellency, oviposition deterrence and biological aspects of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranycus urticae Koch. Egypt Journal of Biological Pest Control, 14: 345 - 348.
  • Shi, G. L., L. L., Zhao, S. Q., Liu, H., Cao, S. R., Clarke & J. H., Sun, 2006. Acaricidal activities of extracts of Kochia scoparia against Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and Tetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 99(3): 858-863.
  • Song, C., G.H., Kim, S.J., Ahn, N.J., Park, K.Y., Cho, 1995. Acaricide susceptibilities of the field collected populations of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) from apple orchards. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology, 34: 328–333.
  • Villanueva, R. T. & J. F., Walgenbach, 2006. Acaricidal properties of spinosad against Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 843–849.
  • Van de Rive, J.A.C., J.A., Murtry & C.B., Huffaker, 1972. Ecology of mites and their natural enemies. A review. III Biology, ecology, and pest status, and host plant relations of Tetranychids. Hilgardia, 41: 354-32.
  • Wei, J., W., Ding, Y.G., Zhao & P., Vanichpakorn, 2011. Acaricidal activity of Aloe vera L. leaf extracts against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 14: 353–356.
  • Yanar, D., I., Kadıoglu & A., Gokce, 2012. Ovicidal activity of different plant extracts on two- spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Scientific Research and Essays, 6(14): 3041-3044.
  • Zar, J.H., 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall Publishers, New Jersey, USA.

Apiaceae familyasındaki bazı bitki ekstraktlarının Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)'nin farklı gelişme dönemleri üzerine kontakt toksisiteleri

Year 2017, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 243 - 250, 22.07.2017

Sibel Yorulmaz Salman Emine Bayram

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.290462
Cited By: 1

Abstract




















Apiaceae familyası içerisinde yer alan anason (Pimpinella
anisum L.), dere otu (Anethum graveolens), kimyon (Cuminum
cyminum L.), kişniş (Coriandrum sativum L.) ve rezene (Foeniculum
vulgare Mill.) bitkilerinin su ile hazırlanan ekstraktlarının Tetranychus
urticae Koch, 1836' nin farklı dönemleri üzerinde değme yoluyla toksisiteleri
araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 2015-2016 yılları arasında laboratuvar ve böcek üretim
odalarında yürütülmüştür. Bitki ekstraktlarının zehir etkilerini belirlemek
amacıyla, yaprak disk-ilaçlama kulesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalarda
bitki ekstraktlarının T. urticae' nin ergin ve protonimf dönemlerine
etkisi belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bitki ekstraktlarının T. urticae’ nin yumurta açılımı üzerine
olan etkileri de belirlenmiştir. Bitki ekstraktlarının %1, 3, 6, 12 olmak üzere
dört farklı konsantrasyonu kullanılmıştır.
Denemeler bir kontrol ve her konsantrasyon için dört tekerrür olarak
yürütülmüştür. Her tekerrürde 15 birey kullanılmıştır. Bitki
ekstraktlarının kontakt etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla ölü-canlı sayımları 1, 3
ve 6. günlerde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada bitki ekstraktlarının T. urticae
ergin ve nimfleri üzerindeki kontakt etkilerinin konsantrasyon miktarı artışına
bağlı olarak yükseldiği, altıncı gün sayım sonuçlarına göre bitki ekstraktlarının
%12 konsantrasyonunda T. urticae ergin ve protonimflerinde %100 ölüme
neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca T. urticae yumurta açılımı üzerinde
en yüksek etki %91 ile dere otu ekstraktında belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda,
kullanılan bitki ekstraktlarının T. urticae ile mücadelede sentetik
akarisitlere alternatif oluşturabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Apiaceae bitki ekstraktı Tetranychus urticae toksisite

References

  • Abbot, W. S., 1925. A method of comparing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265–267.
  • Attia S., L. K., Grissa, G., Lognay, E., Bitume, T, Hance & A. C. Mailleux, 2013. A review of the major biological approaches to control the worldwide pest Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) with special reference to natural pesticides Biological approaches to control Tetranychus urticae. Journal of Pest Science, 86:361–386.
  • Badawy, M. E. L., S. A. A., EI-Arami & S. A. M. Abdelgaleil, 2010. Acaricidial and quantitative structure activity relationship of monoterpenes against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Expemerimental and Applied Acarology, 52: 261–274.
  • Brandenburg, R. L. & G.G., Kennedy, 1987. Ecological and agricultural considerations in the management of twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Agricultural Zoology and Review, 2: 185-36.
  • Calmasur, Ö., İ., Aslan & F., Sahin, 2006. Insecticidal and acaraicidal effect of three Lamiaceae plant essential oils against Tetranychus urticae Koch and Bemisia tabaci Genn. Industrial Crops and Products, 23:140–146.
  • Cavalcanti, S. C. H., E. S., Niculau, A. F., Blank, C. A. G., Camara, I. N., Araujo & B. P., Alves, 2010. Composition and acaricidal activity of Lippia sidoides essential oils against two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Bioresource Technology, 101: 829–832.
  • Chermenskaya, T. D., E. A., Stepanycheva, A. V., Shchenikova & A. S., Chakaeva, 2010. Insectoacaricidal and deterrent activities of extracts of Kyrgyzstan plants againstthree agricultural pests. Industrial Crops and Products, 32: 157–163.
  • Choi, W. I., S. G., Lee, H. M., Park & Y. J., Ahn, 2004. Toxicity of plant essential oils to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 553–558.
  • Coelho B. P. J., M. C., Young, A. M., Giesbretch, N.F., Roque & V. S., Bolzani, 2001. Antifungal polysulphides from Petiveria aliacea L. Phytochemistry, 57: 743–747.
  • El-Sharabasy, H. M., 2010. Acaricidal activities of Artemisia judaica L. extracts against Tetranychus urticae Koch and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias Henriot (Tetranychidae : Phytoseiidae). Journal of Biopesticides, 3(2):514 - 519.
  • Erdogan, P., A., Yildirim & B., Sever, 2012. Investigations on the effects of five different plant extracts on the two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arachnida:Tetranychidae). Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/125284.
  • Feng, R. & M. B., Isman, 1995. Selection for resistance to azadirachtin in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Experiantia, 51:831-833.
  • Feyereisen, R., 1995. Molecular biology of insecticide resistance. Toxicology Letters, 82/83: 83-90.
  • Ghaderia, S., K., Minaeia, V., Rowshanb & M., Ghamadyaric, 2013. Toxicity and ovicidal activity of different plant extracts on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 46:(1) 120–126.
  • Grbic, M., T., Van Leeuwen, R.M., Clark, S., Rombauts, P., Rouze, V., Grbic, E.J., Osborne, W., Dermauw, P.C.T., Ngoc, F., Ortego, P.H., Crespo, I., Diaz, M., Martinez, M., Navajas E., Sucena, S., Magalhaes, L., Nagy, R.M., Pace, S., Djuranovic, G., Smagghe, M., Iga, O., Christiaens, J.A., Veenstra, J., Ewer, R.M., Villalobos, J.L., Hutter, S.D., Hudson, M., Velez, S.V., Yi, J., Zeng, A.P., daSilva, F., Roch, M., Cazaux, M., Navarro, V., Zhurov, G., Acevedo, A., Bjelica, J.A., Fawcett, E., Bonnet, C., Martens, G., Baele, L., Wissler, A.S., Rodriguez, L., Tirry, C., Blais, K., Demeestere, S.R., Henz, T.R., Gregory, J., Mathieu, L., Verdon, L., Farinelli, J., Schmutz, E.E., Lindquist, R., Feyereisen & Y.V., Pee, 2011. Thegenome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations. Nature 479: 487-492.
  • Isman, M.B. & Y., Akhtar, 2007. Plant natural products as a source for developingenvironmentally acceptable insecticides. In: Ishaaya, I., Nauen, R., Horowitz,A.R. (Eds.), Insecticides Design Using Advanced Technologies. Springer-Verlag,Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 235–248.
  • Jeppson, L.R., H.H., Keifer, E.W. Baker, 1975. Mites Injurious to Economic Plants. University of California Press, Berkeley. 614pp.
  • Jeon, J.H. & HS. Lee, 2011. Acaricidal activity of Tabebuia impetiginosa bark-derivedconstituent against domestic and spider mites (Arachnida: Acari). Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, 54: 551–557.
  • Kumral, N. A., S., Çobanoglu & C., Yalçın, 2010. Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Journal of Pest Science, 83:173–180
  • Laborda, R., I., Manzano, M., Gamon, I., Gavidia, P., Perez-Bermudez & R., Boluda, 2013. Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis essential oils on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Industrial Crops and Products, 48: 106–110.
  • Lee, Y.S., M.H., Song, K.S., Ahn, K.Y., Lee, J.W., Kim, S.C., Shin & G.H., Kim, 2003. Monitoring of acaricide resistance in two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) populations from rose green houses in Korea. Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology, 5: 237–240.
  • Liang, G.M., W., Chen & T.X., Liu, 2003. Effect of three neem-based insecticides on diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Crop Protection, 22: 333–340.
  • Martinez-Villar, E., F.J., Saenz-De-Cabezon, F., Moreno-Grijalba, V., Marco & I.P., Moreno, 2005. Effects of azadirachtin on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 35: 215–222.
  • Prakash, A. & J., Rao, 1997. Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture. CRC Press/Lewis publisher, Boca Raton/New York/London/Tokyo.
  • Rasikari, H.L., D.N., Leach, P.G., Waterman, R.N., Spooner-Hart, A.H., Basta, L.K. & Banburyl, 2005. Acaricidal and cytotoxic activities of extracts from selected genera of Australian Lamiaceae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98:1259–1266.
  • Rezaie, F. & M., Yarnia, 2009. Allelopathic effects of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and Cynodon dactylon on germination and growth of safflower. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 7(2): 516-521.
  • Saber, S. A., 2004. Influence of Artemisia monosperma Del. extracts on repellency, oviposition deterrence and biological aspects of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranycus urticae Koch. Egypt Journal of Biological Pest Control, 14: 345 - 348.
  • Shi, G. L., L. L., Zhao, S. Q., Liu, H., Cao, S. R., Clarke & J. H., Sun, 2006. Acaricidal activities of extracts of Kochia scoparia against Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and Tetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 99(3): 858-863.
  • Song, C., G.H., Kim, S.J., Ahn, N.J., Park, K.Y., Cho, 1995. Acaricide susceptibilities of the field collected populations of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) from apple orchards. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology, 34: 328–333.
  • Villanueva, R. T. & J. F., Walgenbach, 2006. Acaricidal properties of spinosad against Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 843–849.
  • Van de Rive, J.A.C., J.A., Murtry & C.B., Huffaker, 1972. Ecology of mites and their natural enemies. A review. III Biology, ecology, and pest status, and host plant relations of Tetranychids. Hilgardia, 41: 354-32.
  • Wei, J., W., Ding, Y.G., Zhao & P., Vanichpakorn, 2011. Acaricidal activity of Aloe vera L. leaf extracts against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 14: 353–356.
  • Yanar, D., I., Kadıoglu & A., Gokce, 2012. Ovicidal activity of different plant extracts on two- spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Scientific Research and Essays, 6(14): 3041-3044.
  • Zar, J.H., 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall Publishers, New Jersey, USA.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sibel Yorulmaz Salman

Emine Bayram This is me

Publication Date July 22, 2017
Submission Date February 7, 2017
Acceptance Date July 4, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 41 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yorulmaz Salman, S., & Bayram, E. (2017). Contact toxicities of some plant extracts in Apiaceae family on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 41(2), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.290462
AMA Yorulmaz Salman S, Bayram E. Contact toxicities of some plant extracts in Apiaceae family on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). TED. June 2017;41(2):243-250. doi:10.16970/entoted.290462
Chicago Yorulmaz Salman, Sibel, and Emine Bayram. “Contact Toxicities of Some Plant Extracts in Apiaceae Family on Different Developmental Stages of Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 41, no. 2 (June 2017): 243-50. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.290462.
EndNote Yorulmaz Salman S, Bayram E (June 1, 2017) Contact toxicities of some plant extracts in Apiaceae family on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 41 2 243–250.
IEEE S. Yorulmaz Salman and E. Bayram, “Contact toxicities of some plant extracts in Apiaceae family on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)”, TED, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 243–250, 2017, doi: 10.16970/entoted.290462.
ISNAD Yorulmaz Salman, Sibel - Bayram, Emine. “Contact Toxicities of Some Plant Extracts in Apiaceae Family on Different Developmental Stages of Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 41/2 (June 2017), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.290462.
JAMA Yorulmaz Salman S, Bayram E. Contact toxicities of some plant extracts in Apiaceae family on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). TED. 2017;41:243–250.
MLA Yorulmaz Salman, Sibel and Emine Bayram. “Contact Toxicities of Some Plant Extracts in Apiaceae Family on Different Developmental Stages of Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 243-50, doi:10.16970/entoted.290462.
Vancouver Yorulmaz Salman S, Bayram E. Contact toxicities of some plant extracts in Apiaceae family on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). TED. 2017;41(2):243-50.

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