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Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify Turkish chickpea genotypes resistance to Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)

Year 2022, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 89 - 98, 01.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1022988

Abstract

Stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes and damage most legume crops such as chickpea. The aim of the study was to develop a protocol for in-vivo bioassay to investigate D. dipsaci interaction with chickpea. Nine accessions of wild and domesticated Cicer spp. including three Cicer reticulatum Ladiz., three Cicer echinospermum P.H.Davis and three Cicer arietinum L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) were used to evaluate chickpea genotype for resistance to D. dipsaci between 2019 and 2020 at Çukurova University, Nematology laboratory. The incubation time and inoculum density were determined to correlate with the size of the produced nematode population. It was concluded that the highest reproduction of D. dipsaci on carrot discs occurred between 20 and 25°C at 45-60 days and an initial inoculum density were determined 100 nematodes per carrot disc. Also, the initial inoculum density of 300 and the growing time of 16 weeks was the best practice to identify reaction of chickpea genotypes to D. dipsaci. These methods provided that quick screening for resistance studies in chickpea against D. dipsaci to observe information of highest reproduction period of D. dipsaci as time, temperature, inoculum density.

Supporting Institution

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRI)

Project Number

GRDC00185

Thanks

We thank Dr. Abdullah Kahraman (Department of Field Crops, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University) and Dr. Jens Berger (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Perth, Australia) for helping and provision of chickpea seeds.

References

  • Acosta, N. & R. B. Malek, 1979. Influence of temperature on population development of eight species of Pratylenchus on soybean. Journal of Nematology, 11 (3): 229-232.
  • Basandrai, A. S., D. Basandrai, P. Duraimurugan & T. Srinivasan, 2011. “Breeding for Biotic Stress, 220-240”. In: Biology and Breeding of Food Legumes (Eds. A. Pratap & J. Kumar). CAB International, Oxfordshire, UK, 432 pp.
  • Behmand, T., N. Elekcioğlu, J. Berger, C. Can & İ. H. Elekcioğlu, 2019. Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43 (4): 357-366.
  • Behmand, T., E. B. Kasapoğlu Uludamar, J. Berger & İ. H. Elekcioğlu, 2019. Development of methodology for resistance screening of chickpea genotypes collected in Turkey to the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44 (1): 81-89.
  • Blake, C. D., 1962a. The etiology of tulip-root disease in susceptible and resistant varieties of oats infested by the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev. Annals of Applied Biology, 50 (4): 703-712.
  • Blake, C. D., 1962b. Some observation on the orientation of Ditylenchus dipsaci and invasion of oat seedling. Nematologica, 8 (3): 177-192.
  • Bridge, J. & J. L. Starr, 2007. Plant Nematodes of Agricultural Importance, A Colour Handbook. FL, USA: Manson Publishing Ltd., Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, 152 pp.
  • Brzeski, M. W., 1991. Review of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue de Nematology 14 (1): 9-59.
  • CABI, 2015. Ditylenchus africanus (peanut pod nematode). Invasive species compendium datasheets, maps, images, abstracts and full text on invasive species of the world. (Web page: www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19284) (Date accessed: September 2015).
  • Castillo, P., J. L. Trapero-Casas & R. M. Jiménez-Díaz, 1995. Effect of time, temperature, and inoculum density on reproduction of Pratylenchus thornei in carrot disk cultures. Journal of Nematology, 27 (1): 120-124.
  • Chitambar, J. J. & D. J. Raskii, 1985. Life history of Pratylenchus vulnus on carrot discs. Journal of Nematology, 17 (2): 235-236.
  • Coolen, W. A., 1979. “Methods for the Extraction of Meloidogyne spp. and Other Nematodes from Roots and Soil, 317- 329". In: Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species) Systematics, Biology and Control (Eds. F. Lamberti & C. E. Taylor). Academic Press, London, 802 pp.
  • Coyne, D. L., O. Adewuyi & E. Mbiru, 2014. Protocol for in vitro Culturing of Lesion Nematodes: Radopholus similis and Pratylenchus spp. on Carrot Discs. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, 15 pp.
  • Draper, N. & H. Smith, 1981. Applied Regression Analysis (2nd Edition). Wiley, New York, 709 pp.
  • EPPO, 2015. EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) A1 and A2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pest. (Web page: http://archives.eppo.int/EPPOStandard/PM-GENERAL/PM 1-02(24)_A1A2_2015.pdf) (Data accessed: April 14, 2016).
  • FAO, 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistical Data. (Web page: www.fao.org/faostat) (Data accessed: April 2019).
  • Fortuner, R., 1982. On the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Revue de Nematologie, 5 (1): 17-38.
  • Garcia, J., D. G. Barker & E. P. Journet, 2006. Seed storage and germination. (Web page: www.noble.org/MedicagoHandbook) (Date accessed: November, 2021).
  • Griffin, G. D., 1974. Effect of acclimation temperature on infection of alfalfa by Ditylenchus dipsaci. Journal of Nematology, 6 (2): 57-59.
  • Griffith, G. S., R. Cook & K. A. Mizen, 1997. Ditylenchus dipsaci infestation of Trifolium repens .1. Temperature effects, seedling invasion, and a field survey. Journal of Nematology, 29 (2): 180-189.
  • Hooper, D. J., 1972. “Ditylenchus dipsaci, 1-4”. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology (CIH) Descriptions of Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Set: 1, No: 14, St. Albans, England, 461 pp.
  • Hooper, D. J., J. Hallmann & S. A. Subbotin, 2005. “Methods for Extraction, Processing and Detection of Plant and Soil Nematodes, 87-119”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge), Wallingford, London, UK, CABI Publishing, 492 pp.
  • Huettel, R. N., 1985. "Carrot Disc Culture, 153-154". In: Plant Nematology Laboratory Manual Amherst (Eds. B. M. Zuckerman, W. F. Mai & M. B. Harrison), University of Massachusetts Agriculture Experiment Station, 212 pp.
  • Kagoda, F., D. Coyne, E. Mbiru, J. Derera & P. Tongoona, 2010. Monoxenic culture of Pratylenchus zeae on carrot discs. Nematologia Mediterranea, 38 (1): 107-108.
  • Kaplan, D. T. & E. L. Davis, 1990. Improved nematode extraction from carrot disc culture. Journal of Nematology, 22 (3): 399-406.
  • Kühnhold, V., S. Kiewnick & R. A. Sikora, 2006. Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify sugar beet resistance to the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematology, 8 (5): 641-645.
  • Laughlin, C. W., A. S. Williams & J. A. Fox, 1969. The influence of temperature on development and sex differentiation of Meloidogyne graminis. Journal of Nematology, 1 (3): 212-215.
  • O'Bannon, J. H. & A. L. Taylor, 1968. Migratory endoparasitic nematodes reared on carrot discs. Phytopathology, 58 (3): 385-467.
  • Oostenbrink, M., 1966. Major characteristics of the relation between nematodes and plants. Mededlingen voor Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen, 66 (4): 3-46.
  • Plowright, R. A., G. Caubel & K. A. Mizen, 2002. “Ditylenchus species, 107-139”. In: Plant Resistance to Parasitic Nematodes (Eds. J. L. Starr, R. Cook & J. Bridge). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 272 pp.
  • Rebecca, S. Z., T. Mahendar, C. Sonal, K. M. Praveen, K. V. Rajeev & P. T. John, 2019. Resistance to Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Chickpea: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Frontier Plant Science, 10 (21): 389-966.
  • Reen, R. A. & J. P. Thompson, 2009. “A comparative study of methods for screening chickpea and wheat for resistance to root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei, 119-120”. In: Proceedings of Plant Health Management an Integrated Approach, 17th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference (29 September-1 October 2009, Newcastle, UK), 196 pp.
  • Schomaker, C. H. & T. H. Been, 2006. “Plant Growth and Population Dynamics, 275-295”. In: Plant Nematology (Eds. R. Perry & M. Moens). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 536 pp.
  • Seinhorst, J. W., 1967. Relationships between population increase and population density in plant parasitic nematodes. III. Definition of terms host, host status and resistance. IV. Influence of external conditions on regulation of population density. Nematologica, 13 (1): 429-442.
  • Sikora, R. A., N. Greco & J. F. V. Silva, 2005. “Nematode Parasites of Food Legumes, 259-318”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes on Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 871 pp.
  • Singh, K. B. & B. Ocampo, 1997. Exploitation of wild Cicer species for yield improvement in chickpea. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 95 (3): 418-423.
  • Sturhan, D. & M. W. Brzeski, 1991. “Stem and Bulb Nematodes, Ditylenchus spp., 423-465”. In: Manual of Agricultural Nematology (Ed. W. R. Nickle). Marcel Dekker Publications, New York, USA, 925 pp.
  • Tenente, R. & A. A. F. Evans, 1998. Life cycle of Ditylenchus dipsaci teasel race on onion seedlings under different temperature conditions. Nematologia Brasileira, 22 (2): 87-96.
  • Thompson, J. P., R. A. Reen, T. G. Clewett, J. G. Sheedy, A. M. Kelly & B. J. Gogel, 2011. Hybridisation of Australian chickpea cultivars with wild Cicer spp. increases resistance to root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus). Australasian Plant Pathology, 40 (6): 601-611.
  • Thompson, J. P., N. Greco, R. Eastwood, S. B. Sharma & M. Scurrah, 2000. “Integrated control of nematodes of coolseason food legumes, 491-506". In: Linking Research and Marketing Opportunities for Pulses in the 21st Century (Ed. R. Knight). Proceedings Third International Food Legumes Research Conference (22–26 September 1997, Australia), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 611 pp.
  • Toktay, H., M. İmren, J. Nicol, A. Dababat & İ. H. Elekcioğlu, 2012. Improved methodology for resistance screening in spring wheat against the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei (Sher et Allen) (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 36 (4): 533-540.
  • Trudgill, D. L., 1992. Resistance to and tolerance of plant-parasitic nematodes in plants. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 29 (1): 167-192.
  • Trudgill, D. L., 1995. An assessment of the relevance of thermal time relationships to nematology. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 18 (5): 407-417.
  • Verdejo-Lucas, S. & J. Pinochet, 1992. Population densities of five migratory endoparasitic nematodes in carrot disc cultures. Journal of Nematology, 24 (1): 96-98.
  • Waele, D. D. & R. Wilken, 1990. Effect of temperature on the in vitro reproduction of Ditylenchus destructor isolated from groundnut. Revue Nématology, 13 (2): 171-174.
  • Williams-Woodward, J. L. & F. A. Gray, 1999. Seasonal fluctuations of soil and tissue populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi in Alfalfa. Journal of Nematology, 31 (1): 27-36.
  • Yüksel, H. S., 1960. Observations on the life cycle of Ditylenchus dipsaci on onion seedlings. Nematologica, 5 (4): 289-296.

Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)’ye karşı dayanıklı Türk nohut genotiplerini belirlemek için in vivo biyolojik testlerin geliştirilmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 89 - 98, 01.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1022988

Abstract

Soğan sak nematodu, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) en önemli zarar yapan bitki paraziti nematodlarından biridir ve nohut gibi birçok baklagillere zarar vermektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, D. dipsaci' nin nohut ile etkileşimini araştırmak için bir in-vivo biyolojik test protokolü geliştirmektir. Ditylenchus dipsaci'ye dayanıklılık açısından nohut genotipini değerlendirmek için üçü Cicer reticulatum Ladiz. (Fabales: Fabaceae), üçü Cicer echinospermum P. H. Davis (Fabales: Fabaceae) ve üçü Cicer arietinum L. (Fabales: Fabaceae)] dahil olmak üzere yabani ve yerli Cicer türlerinin dokuz genotipi 2019-2020 yılları arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi Nematoloji laboratuvarında test edilmiştir. İnkübasyon zamanı ve inokulum yoğunluğunun, üretilen nematod popülasyonu miktarıyla bağlantılı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ditylenchus dipsaci'nin havuç disklerinde en yüksek üremesinin, 20°C ile 25°C arasında 45-60 günde olduğu ve başlangıç inokulum yoğunluğunun havuç disk başına 100 nematod olarak saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, 300 adet bireyden oluşan inokulum yoğunluğu ve 16 hafta inkübasyon süresi nohut genotiplerinde D. dipsaci ’ye dayanıklılık için en iyi uygulama olmuştur. Bu yöntemler D. dipsaci’ye karşı dayanıklılık çalışmalarında hızlı testleme yapılması için; D. dipsaci en yüksek üreme periyodunun zaman, sıcaklık ve inokulum yoğunluğu olarak gözlenmesini sağlamıştır.

Project Number

GRDC00185

References

  • Acosta, N. & R. B. Malek, 1979. Influence of temperature on population development of eight species of Pratylenchus on soybean. Journal of Nematology, 11 (3): 229-232.
  • Basandrai, A. S., D. Basandrai, P. Duraimurugan & T. Srinivasan, 2011. “Breeding for Biotic Stress, 220-240”. In: Biology and Breeding of Food Legumes (Eds. A. Pratap & J. Kumar). CAB International, Oxfordshire, UK, 432 pp.
  • Behmand, T., N. Elekcioğlu, J. Berger, C. Can & İ. H. Elekcioğlu, 2019. Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43 (4): 357-366.
  • Behmand, T., E. B. Kasapoğlu Uludamar, J. Berger & İ. H. Elekcioğlu, 2019. Development of methodology for resistance screening of chickpea genotypes collected in Turkey to the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44 (1): 81-89.
  • Blake, C. D., 1962a. The etiology of tulip-root disease in susceptible and resistant varieties of oats infested by the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev. Annals of Applied Biology, 50 (4): 703-712.
  • Blake, C. D., 1962b. Some observation on the orientation of Ditylenchus dipsaci and invasion of oat seedling. Nematologica, 8 (3): 177-192.
  • Bridge, J. & J. L. Starr, 2007. Plant Nematodes of Agricultural Importance, A Colour Handbook. FL, USA: Manson Publishing Ltd., Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, 152 pp.
  • Brzeski, M. W., 1991. Review of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue de Nematology 14 (1): 9-59.
  • CABI, 2015. Ditylenchus africanus (peanut pod nematode). Invasive species compendium datasheets, maps, images, abstracts and full text on invasive species of the world. (Web page: www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19284) (Date accessed: September 2015).
  • Castillo, P., J. L. Trapero-Casas & R. M. Jiménez-Díaz, 1995. Effect of time, temperature, and inoculum density on reproduction of Pratylenchus thornei in carrot disk cultures. Journal of Nematology, 27 (1): 120-124.
  • Chitambar, J. J. & D. J. Raskii, 1985. Life history of Pratylenchus vulnus on carrot discs. Journal of Nematology, 17 (2): 235-236.
  • Coolen, W. A., 1979. “Methods for the Extraction of Meloidogyne spp. and Other Nematodes from Roots and Soil, 317- 329". In: Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species) Systematics, Biology and Control (Eds. F. Lamberti & C. E. Taylor). Academic Press, London, 802 pp.
  • Coyne, D. L., O. Adewuyi & E. Mbiru, 2014. Protocol for in vitro Culturing of Lesion Nematodes: Radopholus similis and Pratylenchus spp. on Carrot Discs. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, 15 pp.
  • Draper, N. & H. Smith, 1981. Applied Regression Analysis (2nd Edition). Wiley, New York, 709 pp.
  • EPPO, 2015. EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) A1 and A2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pest. (Web page: http://archives.eppo.int/EPPOStandard/PM-GENERAL/PM 1-02(24)_A1A2_2015.pdf) (Data accessed: April 14, 2016).
  • FAO, 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistical Data. (Web page: www.fao.org/faostat) (Data accessed: April 2019).
  • Fortuner, R., 1982. On the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Revue de Nematologie, 5 (1): 17-38.
  • Garcia, J., D. G. Barker & E. P. Journet, 2006. Seed storage and germination. (Web page: www.noble.org/MedicagoHandbook) (Date accessed: November, 2021).
  • Griffin, G. D., 1974. Effect of acclimation temperature on infection of alfalfa by Ditylenchus dipsaci. Journal of Nematology, 6 (2): 57-59.
  • Griffith, G. S., R. Cook & K. A. Mizen, 1997. Ditylenchus dipsaci infestation of Trifolium repens .1. Temperature effects, seedling invasion, and a field survey. Journal of Nematology, 29 (2): 180-189.
  • Hooper, D. J., 1972. “Ditylenchus dipsaci, 1-4”. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology (CIH) Descriptions of Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Set: 1, No: 14, St. Albans, England, 461 pp.
  • Hooper, D. J., J. Hallmann & S. A. Subbotin, 2005. “Methods for Extraction, Processing and Detection of Plant and Soil Nematodes, 87-119”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge), Wallingford, London, UK, CABI Publishing, 492 pp.
  • Huettel, R. N., 1985. "Carrot Disc Culture, 153-154". In: Plant Nematology Laboratory Manual Amherst (Eds. B. M. Zuckerman, W. F. Mai & M. B. Harrison), University of Massachusetts Agriculture Experiment Station, 212 pp.
  • Kagoda, F., D. Coyne, E. Mbiru, J. Derera & P. Tongoona, 2010. Monoxenic culture of Pratylenchus zeae on carrot discs. Nematologia Mediterranea, 38 (1): 107-108.
  • Kaplan, D. T. & E. L. Davis, 1990. Improved nematode extraction from carrot disc culture. Journal of Nematology, 22 (3): 399-406.
  • Kühnhold, V., S. Kiewnick & R. A. Sikora, 2006. Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify sugar beet resistance to the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematology, 8 (5): 641-645.
  • Laughlin, C. W., A. S. Williams & J. A. Fox, 1969. The influence of temperature on development and sex differentiation of Meloidogyne graminis. Journal of Nematology, 1 (3): 212-215.
  • O'Bannon, J. H. & A. L. Taylor, 1968. Migratory endoparasitic nematodes reared on carrot discs. Phytopathology, 58 (3): 385-467.
  • Oostenbrink, M., 1966. Major characteristics of the relation between nematodes and plants. Mededlingen voor Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen, 66 (4): 3-46.
  • Plowright, R. A., G. Caubel & K. A. Mizen, 2002. “Ditylenchus species, 107-139”. In: Plant Resistance to Parasitic Nematodes (Eds. J. L. Starr, R. Cook & J. Bridge). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 272 pp.
  • Rebecca, S. Z., T. Mahendar, C. Sonal, K. M. Praveen, K. V. Rajeev & P. T. John, 2019. Resistance to Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Chickpea: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Frontier Plant Science, 10 (21): 389-966.
  • Reen, R. A. & J. P. Thompson, 2009. “A comparative study of methods for screening chickpea and wheat for resistance to root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei, 119-120”. In: Proceedings of Plant Health Management an Integrated Approach, 17th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference (29 September-1 October 2009, Newcastle, UK), 196 pp.
  • Schomaker, C. H. & T. H. Been, 2006. “Plant Growth and Population Dynamics, 275-295”. In: Plant Nematology (Eds. R. Perry & M. Moens). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 536 pp.
  • Seinhorst, J. W., 1967. Relationships between population increase and population density in plant parasitic nematodes. III. Definition of terms host, host status and resistance. IV. Influence of external conditions on regulation of population density. Nematologica, 13 (1): 429-442.
  • Sikora, R. A., N. Greco & J. F. V. Silva, 2005. “Nematode Parasites of Food Legumes, 259-318”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes on Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 871 pp.
  • Singh, K. B. & B. Ocampo, 1997. Exploitation of wild Cicer species for yield improvement in chickpea. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 95 (3): 418-423.
  • Sturhan, D. & M. W. Brzeski, 1991. “Stem and Bulb Nematodes, Ditylenchus spp., 423-465”. In: Manual of Agricultural Nematology (Ed. W. R. Nickle). Marcel Dekker Publications, New York, USA, 925 pp.
  • Tenente, R. & A. A. F. Evans, 1998. Life cycle of Ditylenchus dipsaci teasel race on onion seedlings under different temperature conditions. Nematologia Brasileira, 22 (2): 87-96.
  • Thompson, J. P., R. A. Reen, T. G. Clewett, J. G. Sheedy, A. M. Kelly & B. J. Gogel, 2011. Hybridisation of Australian chickpea cultivars with wild Cicer spp. increases resistance to root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus). Australasian Plant Pathology, 40 (6): 601-611.
  • Thompson, J. P., N. Greco, R. Eastwood, S. B. Sharma & M. Scurrah, 2000. “Integrated control of nematodes of coolseason food legumes, 491-506". In: Linking Research and Marketing Opportunities for Pulses in the 21st Century (Ed. R. Knight). Proceedings Third International Food Legumes Research Conference (22–26 September 1997, Australia), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 611 pp.
  • Toktay, H., M. İmren, J. Nicol, A. Dababat & İ. H. Elekcioğlu, 2012. Improved methodology for resistance screening in spring wheat against the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei (Sher et Allen) (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 36 (4): 533-540.
  • Trudgill, D. L., 1992. Resistance to and tolerance of plant-parasitic nematodes in plants. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 29 (1): 167-192.
  • Trudgill, D. L., 1995. An assessment of the relevance of thermal time relationships to nematology. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 18 (5): 407-417.
  • Verdejo-Lucas, S. & J. Pinochet, 1992. Population densities of five migratory endoparasitic nematodes in carrot disc cultures. Journal of Nematology, 24 (1): 96-98.
  • Waele, D. D. & R. Wilken, 1990. Effect of temperature on the in vitro reproduction of Ditylenchus destructor isolated from groundnut. Revue Nématology, 13 (2): 171-174.
  • Williams-Woodward, J. L. & F. A. Gray, 1999. Seasonal fluctuations of soil and tissue populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi in Alfalfa. Journal of Nematology, 31 (1): 27-36.
  • Yüksel, H. S., 1960. Observations on the life cycle of Ditylenchus dipsaci on onion seedlings. Nematologica, 5 (4): 289-296.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tohid Behmand 0000-0001-7227-2484

Ece Börteçine Kasapoğlu Uludamar 0000-0003-0936-3759

Ibrahim Halil Elekcioğlu

Project Number GRDC00185
Early Pub Date February 16, 2022
Publication Date March 1, 2022
Submission Date November 26, 2021
Acceptance Date March 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 46 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Behmand, T., Kasapoğlu Uludamar, E. B., & Elekcioğlu, I. H. (2022). Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify Turkish chickpea genotypes resistance to Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1022988
AMA Behmand T, Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB, Elekcioğlu IH. Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify Turkish chickpea genotypes resistance to Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae). TED. March 2022;46(1):89-98. doi:10.16970/entoted.1022988
Chicago Behmand, Tohid, Ece Börteçine Kasapoğlu Uludamar, and Ibrahim Halil Elekcioğlu. “Development of an in Vivo Bioassay to Identify Turkish Chickpea Genotypes Resistance to Ditylenchus Dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 46, no. 1 (March 2022): 89-98. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1022988.
EndNote Behmand T, Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB, Elekcioğlu IH (March 1, 2022) Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify Turkish chickpea genotypes resistance to Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 46 1 89–98.
IEEE T. Behmand, E. B. Kasapoğlu Uludamar, and I. H. Elekcioğlu, “Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify Turkish chickpea genotypes resistance to Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)”, TED, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 89–98, 2022, doi: 10.16970/entoted.1022988.
ISNAD Behmand, Tohid et al. “Development of an in Vivo Bioassay to Identify Turkish Chickpea Genotypes Resistance to Ditylenchus Dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 46/1 (March 2022), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1022988.
JAMA Behmand T, Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB, Elekcioğlu IH. Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify Turkish chickpea genotypes resistance to Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae). TED. 2022;46:89–98.
MLA Behmand, Tohid et al. “Development of an in Vivo Bioassay to Identify Turkish Chickpea Genotypes Resistance to Ditylenchus Dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 46, no. 1, 2022, pp. 89-98, doi:10.16970/entoted.1022988.
Vancouver Behmand T, Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB, Elekcioğlu IH. Development of an in vivo bioassay to identify Turkish chickpea genotypes resistance to Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae). TED. 2022;46(1):89-98.