Research Article
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Evaluation of characterization and adsorption kinetics of natural organic matter onto nitric acid modified activated carbon

Year 2024, Volume: 7

Betül Aykut Şenel Nuray Ateş Şehnaz Şule Bekaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1384440

Abstract

Natural organic substances (NOM) found in drinking water are a major contributor to disinfectant by-product formation and are potentially toxic to humans. Traditional water treatment techniques may not always effectively treat NOMs. Therefore, an advanced treatment method such as adsorption can be inexpensive, simple and efficient. The selected adsorbent's and the NOMs properties both affect the removal effectiveness of the adsorption method. Activated carbon (AC), which is widely used in real-scale water treatment plants, has been modified and used in recent years In order to oxidize the porous carbon surface, raise its acidic qualities, eliminate mineral components, and enhance the surface's hydrophilic qualities. In this research, AC was modified with nitric acid (M-PAC) and NOM removal was investigated. In addition, it is discussed how the modification with nitric acid changes the adsorbent structure and chemistry. A morphology with smooth and irregular voids was observed as a result of nitric acid modification of the original AC by SEM analysis. The particle size increased from 387.65 nm to 502.07 nm for the M-PAC adsorbent. The FTIR spectrum indicates that structures connected to aromatic rings get formed in the M-PAC adsorbent as a result of the modification. The highest NOM removal for the original powdered activated carbon (PAC), 47%, was observed at 36 hours of contact time. On the other hand, M-PAC adsorbent achieved 40% NOM removal at contact times of 72 hours and above. It was concluded that the pseudo-second order kinetic model better represented NOM adsorption for both adsorbents.

Keywords

Activated carbon adsorption kinetic model modification natural organic matter

Project Number

118Y402

References

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Year 2024, Volume: 7

Betül Aykut Şenel Nuray Ateş Şehnaz Şule Bekaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1384440

Abstract

Project Number

118Y402

References

  • T. I. Nkambule, R. W. M. Krause, J. Haarhoff, and B. B. Mamba, “A three step approach for removing organic matter from South African water sources and treatment plants,” Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Vol. 50–52, pp. 132–139, 2012. [CrossRef]
  • C. O’Driscoll, J. L. Ledesma, J. Coll, J. G. Murnane, P. Nolan, E. M. Mockler, and L. W. Xiao, “Minimal climate change impacts on natural organic matter forecasted for a potable water supply in Ireland,” Science of Total Environment, Vol. 630, pp. 869–877, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • J. C. Rodríguez-Murillo, J. Zobrist, and M. Filella, “Temporal trends in organic carbon content in the main Swiss rivers, 1974-2010,” Science of Total Environment, Vol. 502, pp. 206–217, 2015. [CrossRef]
  • J. Adusei-Gyamfi, B. Ouddane, L. Rietveld, J. P. Cornard, and J. Criquet, “Natural organic matter-cations complexation and its impact on water treatment: A critical review,” Water Research, Vol. 160, pp. 130–147, 2019. [CrossRef]
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  • L. Joseph, J. R. V. Flora, Y. G. Park, M. Badawy, H. Saleh, and Y. Yoon, “Removal of natural organic matter from potential drinking water sources by combined coagulation and adsorption using carbon nanomaterials,” Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 95, pp. 64–72, 2012. [CrossRef]
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  • P. Rao, I. M. C. Lo, K. Yin, and S. C. N. Tang, “Removal of natural organic matter by cationic hydrogel with magnetic properties,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 92(7), pp. 1690–1695, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • S. Singh, A. Srivastava, and S. P. Singh, “Inexpensive, effective novel activated carbon fibers for sample cleanup: application to multipesticide residue analysis in food commodities using a QuEChERS method,” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 410(8), pp. 2241–2251, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • Z. Zhao, W. Sun, and M. B. Ray, “Adsorption isotherms and kinetics for the removal of algal organic matter by granular activated carbon,” Science of Total Environment, Vol. 806, Article 150885, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • K. Azam, N. Shezad, I. Shafiq, P. Akhter, F. Akhtar, F. Jamil, and M. Hussain, “A review on activated carbon modifications for the treatment of wastewater containing anionic dyes,” Chemosphere, Vol. 306, Article 135566, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • C. Y. Yin, M. K. Aroua, and W. M. A. W. Daud, “Review of modifications of activated carbon for enhancing contaminant uptakes from aqueous solutions,” Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 52(3), pp. 403–415, 2007. [CrossRef]
  • A. Bhatnagar, W. Hogland, M. Marques, and M. Sillanpää, “An overview of the modification methods of activated carbon for its water treatment applications,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 219, pp. 499–511, 2013. [CrossRef]
  • W. Shen, Z. Li, and Y. Liu, “Surface chemical functional groups modification of porous carbon,” Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering, Vol. 1(1), pp. 27–40, 2010. [CrossRef]
  • Ç. Öter, and Ö. Selçuk Zorer, “Adsorption behaviours of Th(IV) and U(VI) using nitric acid (HNO3) modified activated carbon: equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies,” International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 101(14), pp. 1950–1965, 2021.
  • Y. Gokce, and Z. Aktas, “Nitric acid modification of activated carbon produced from waste tea and adsorption of methylene blue and phenol,” Applied Surface Science, Vol. 313, pp. 352–359, 2014. [CrossRef]
  • J. Valentín-Reyes, R. B. García-Reyes, A. García-González, E. Soto-Regalado, and F. Cerino-Córdova, “Adsorption mechanisms of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions on modified activated carbons,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 236, pp. 815–822, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • Z. Li, H. Hanafy, L. Zhang, L. Sellaoui, M. S. Netto, M. L. Oliveira, and Q. Li, “Adsorption of congo red and methylene blue dyes on an ashitaba waste and a walnut shell-based activated carbon from aqueous solutions: Experiments, characterization and physical interpretations,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 388, Article 124263, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • P. Su, J. Zhang, J. Tang, and C. Zhang, “Preparation of nitric acid modified powder activated carbon to remove trace amount of Ni(II) in aqueous solution,” Water Science and Technology, Vol. 80(1), pp. 86–97, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • B. Aykut-Şenel, Ş. Ş. Kaplan-Bekaroğlu, and N. Ateş, “Toz akti̇f karbonun ni̇tri̇k asi̇t ve sülfoni̇k asi̇t ı̇le ki̇myasa modi̇fi̇kasyonu ve karakteri̇zasyonu,” Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, Vol. 10(4), pp. 1333–1340, 2022. [Turkish] [CrossRef]
  • A. N. A. El-Hendawy, “Influence of HNO3 oxidation on the structure and adsorptive properties of corncob-based activated carbon,” Carbon NY, Vol. 41(4), pp. 713–722, 2003. [CrossRef]
  • K. Yang, and J. T. Fox, “Adsorption of humic acid by acid-modified granular activated carbon and powder activated carbon,” Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 144(10), 2018. [CrossRef]
  • J. P. Chen, and S. Wu, “Acid/base-treated activated carbons: characterization of functional groups and metal adsorptive properties,” Langmuir, Vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 2233–2242, 2004. [CrossRef]
  • S. X. Liu, X. Chen, X. Y. Chen, Z. F. Liu, and H. L. Wang, “Activated carbon with excellent chromium(VI) adsorption performance prepared by acid-base surface modification,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 141(1), pp. 315–319, 2007. [CrossRef]
  • H. T. Ma, V. T. T. Ho, N. B. Pham, L. G. Bach, and T. D. Phan, “The comparison of surface modification methods of the heavy metals adsorption of activated carbon from rice husk,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 876, pp. 91–96, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • W. S. Chen, Y. C. Chen, and C. H. Lee, ‘Modified activated carbon for copper ıon removal from aqueous solution,” Processes, Vol. 10(1), 2022. [CrossRef]
  • S. A. Dastgheib, T. Karanfil, and W. Cheng, “Tailoring activated carbons for enhanced removal of natural organic matter from natural waters,” Carbon NY, Vol. 42(3), pp. 547–557, 2004. [CrossRef]
  • A. Guha, W. Lu, T. A. Zawodzinski, and D. A. Schiraldi, “Surface-modified carbons as platinum catalyst support for PEM fuel cells,” Carbon NY, Vol. 45(7), pp. 1506–1517, 2007. [CrossRef]
  • M. E. de Oliveira Ferreira, B. G. Vaz, C. E. Borba, C. G. Alonso, and I. C. Ostroski, “Modified activated carbon as a promising adsorbent for quinoline removal,” Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 277, pp. 208–216, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • N. Bader, S. Souissi-Najar, and A. Ouederni, “A controlled nitric acid oxidation of an olive stones-based activated carbon: effect of oxidation time,” Lignocellulose Journal, Vol. 3(1), pp. 22–36, 2014.
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Water Quality and Water Pollution
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Betül Aykut Şenel 0000-0003-3674-5525

Nuray Ateş 0000-0002-8923-4852

Şehnaz Şule Bekaroğlu 0000-0003-0917-7219

Project Number 118Y402
Early Pub Date May 9, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date November 1, 2023
Acceptance Date February 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7

Cite

APA Aykut Şenel, B., Ateş, N., & Bekaroğlu, Ş. Ş. (2024). Evaluation of characterization and adsorption kinetics of natural organic matter onto nitric acid modified activated carbon. Environmental Research and Technology, 7. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1384440
AMA Aykut Şenel B, Ateş N, Bekaroğlu ŞŞ. Evaluation of characterization and adsorption kinetics of natural organic matter onto nitric acid modified activated carbon. ERT. May 2024;7. doi:10.35208/ert.1384440
Chicago Aykut Şenel, Betül, Nuray Ateş, and Şehnaz Şule Bekaroğlu. “Evaluation of Characterization and Adsorption Kinetics of Natural Organic Matter onto Nitric Acid Modified Activated Carbon”. Environmental Research and Technology 7, May (May 2024). https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1384440.
EndNote Aykut Şenel B, Ateş N, Bekaroğlu ŞŞ (May 1, 2024) Evaluation of characterization and adsorption kinetics of natural organic matter onto nitric acid modified activated carbon. Environmental Research and Technology 7
IEEE B. Aykut Şenel, N. Ateş, and Ş. Ş. Bekaroğlu, “Evaluation of characterization and adsorption kinetics of natural organic matter onto nitric acid modified activated carbon”, ERT, vol. 7, 2024, doi: 10.35208/ert.1384440.
ISNAD Aykut Şenel, Betül et al. “Evaluation of Characterization and Adsorption Kinetics of Natural Organic Matter onto Nitric Acid Modified Activated Carbon”. Environmental Research and Technology 7 (May 2024). https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1384440.
JAMA Aykut Şenel B, Ateş N, Bekaroğlu ŞŞ. Evaluation of characterization and adsorption kinetics of natural organic matter onto nitric acid modified activated carbon. ERT. 2024;7. doi:10.35208/ert.1384440.
MLA Aykut Şenel, Betül et al. “Evaluation of Characterization and Adsorption Kinetics of Natural Organic Matter onto Nitric Acid Modified Activated Carbon”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 7, 2024, doi:10.35208/ert.1384440.
Vancouver Aykut Şenel B, Ateş N, Bekaroğlu ŞŞ. Evaluation of characterization and adsorption kinetics of natural organic matter onto nitric acid modified activated carbon. ERT. 2024;7.
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