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Toplam Rasyon Karışımı Kullanılan Bir Süt Sığırı İşletmesinin Besleme Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 24 - 32, 15.06.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, hayvan beslemede toplam rasyon karışımı (TRK) kullanılan özel bir süt sığırcılığı işletmesindeki mevcut durumu ortaya koymak ve aynı zamanda uygulamanın başarısını etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirmektir. Araştırma Kırklareli İlinde özel bir süt sığırcılığı işletmesinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama süreci Kasım 2018 ile Ocak 2019 dönemlerini kapsamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında işletmede TRK'nın hazırlanması ve sunumu, karıştırma süresi, dolum sırası ve boşaltma hızı gibi parametreler ölçülmüştür. TRK yemlerine ilişkin kimyasal ve fiziksel analizler için örnekler her bir yemleme öncesinde yemliğin üç farklı bölümünden alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, işletmede artan TRK’nın partikül büyüklüğü ile kimyasal kompozisyonunda gözlenen değişim işletmede yem seçiminin olduğunu göstermiştir. İşletmede yem dağıtım römorkunun etkin bir şekilde kullanılamaması, gerek kaba yemin partikül büyüklüğü gerekse karıştırma işlemlerinin tam olarak yapılamaması sonucu, yem seçimi ve kalan yem oranında artış söz konusu olmaktadır. İşletmedeki hazırlanan rasyonlar besleme açısından değerlendirildiğinde özellikle formüle edilen ve yemliğe dökülen rasyonlar arasında kuru madde (KM), ham protein (HP), nötral çözücülerde çözünmeyen yapısal karbonhidratlar (NDF), asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen yapısal karbonhidratlar (ADF), ham yağ (HY), ham kül (HK) farklar istatistiki anlamda önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, işletmede takip edilen yemleme yönetiminin, TRK sisteminin katkılarını arttırabilmek açısından yeniden gözden geçirilmesinin gerektiği söylenebilir.

Thanks

Tez çalışmasının yürütülmesindeki yardımlarından dolayı Yüksek Ziraat Mühendisi Gamze Cebe HOTUN’a teşekkür ederim.

References

  • 1.. Akyıldız, A.R., 1984. Yemler Bilgisi Laboratuar Kılavuzu, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 895, Ankara. 2. Amaral-Philips, D.M., Bicudo, J.R, Turner, L.W., 2001. Managing the Total Mixed Ration to Prevent Problems in Dairy Cows. Cooperative Extension Service, Universy Of Kentucky, 12, 2001.
  • 3. Anonim, 2009. Welfare Quality® Assesment Protocol for Cattle Wefare. Quality® Consortium, Leystad, Netherlands.
  • 4. Beede, D.K., 2012. What Will Our Ruminants Drink ? Animal Frontiers, Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 36–43.
  • 5. Cabrera, V.E., Kalantari, A.S., 2016. Economics of Production Efficiency: Nutritional Grouping of The Lactating Cow. Journal of Dairy Science. 99: 825-841.
  • 6. Coppock, C.E., Bath, D.L., Harris, B., 1981. From Feeding to Feeding Systems. Journal of Dairy Science. 64: 1230-1249.
  • 7. DeVries TJ, Beauchemin KA, Von Keyserlingk MAG 2007. Dietary Forage Concentration Affects the Feed Sorting Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 90: 5572-5579.
  • 8. DeVries, T.J., Von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Beauchemin, K.A., 2003. Short Communication: Diurnal Feeding Pattern of Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 86: 4079–4082.
  • 9. Dobbelaar, P., Noordhuizen, J.P.T.M., Wilbrink, H., Brand, A., 1985. Veterinary Herd Health and Production Service on Dairy Farms V. Index list on metabolic/nutritional diseases, body condition score and ration composition. Prev Vet Med, 3: s: 289-300.
  • 10. Eastridge, M.L., 2012. Variation in Milk Fat of Fresh Cows. Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, April 24 and 25, 59-65.
  • 11. Edmonson, A.J., Lean, I.J., Weawer, L.D., Farver, T., Webster, G., 1989. A Body Condition Scoring Chart for Holstein Dairy Cows. ISBN 978-961-6204-54-5 1. Hamoen, Arie 2. Bewley, Jeffrey 254679808.
  • 12. Endres, M.I., Espejo, L.A., 2010. Feeding Management and Characteristics of Rations for High-Producing Dairy Cows in Freestall Herds. Journal of Dairy Science. 93: 822-829.
  • 13. Işık, H., 2018. Susurluk Bölgesinde TRK (Toplam Rasyon Karışımı) Kullanan Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinde Beslemenin Yönetimi Üzerine Gözlemler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, Çanakkale.
  • 14. Jones, N.B., O’Connell, J.F., Hawkes, K., 1990. Reanalysis of Large Mammal Body Part Transport Among The Hadza. J Archaeol Sci, 17: s: 301-316.
  • 15. Maulfair DD, Heinrichs AJ 2013. Effects of Varying Forage Particle Size and Fermentable Carbohydrates on Feed Sorting, Ruminal fermentation, and Milk and Component Yields of Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 96: 3085-3097.
  • 16. Miller-Cushon, E.K., DeVries, T.J., 2009. Effect of Dietary Dry Matter Concentration on The Sorting Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed A Total Mixed Ration. Journal of Dairy Science. 92: 3292-3298.
  • 17. NRC, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. National Research Council, 7th rev. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.
  • 18. Oetzel, G.R., 2014. Undertaking Nutritional Diagnostic Investigations. Veterinary Clinics of Food Animal, 30: 765-788.
  • 19. Pryce, J.E., Coffey, M.P., Simm, G., 2001.The Relationship Between Body Condition Score and Reproductive Performance. J Dairy Sci; 84: s: 1508-1515.
  • 20. Scott, T.A., 1995. Effects of Rumen-Inert Fat on Lactation, Reproduction, and Health of High Producing Holstein Herds. J Dairy Sci, 78: s: 2435-2451.
  • 21. Veerkamp, R.F., 1997. Genetic Correlations Between Linear Type Traits, Food Intake, Live Weight and Condition Score in Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle. Anim Sci; s: 385- 392.
  • 22. Waldner, D.N., Looper, M.L., 2007. Water for Dairy Cattle. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service ANSI4275, pp.1-4.

Evaluation of Dairy Cattle Farm Using aTotal Mixed Ration in Terms of Feeding

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 24 - 32, 15.06.2020

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the current situation in a special dairy cattle farm using total mixed ration (TMR) in animal nutrition and to evaluate the factors affecting the success of the application. The research was carried out in a private dairy cattle farm in TMR in the Kavaklı town of Kırklareli. The data collection process was completed between November 2018 and January 2019 in a total of three months. Preparation and delivering procedure of TMR were observed and parameters such as mixing time, loading sequence, unloading rate were also measured in each visit. Samples of TMR were collected from the three different part of feed bunk of study paddock before each feeding for chemical and physical analyses. As a result of the research, the change in the particle size and chemical composition of the increasing TMR in the farm has shown that there is feed choice in the farm. Overall, differences between the feeds and formulated diet were observed on farm. The greatest variability between fed and formulated was observed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), nötral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), eter extract (EE), and ash (P <0.05). In conclusion, feeding management practice of dairy farm visited in this study require to reconsideration in many aspects to improve the contribution of TMR system.

References

  • 1.. Akyıldız, A.R., 1984. Yemler Bilgisi Laboratuar Kılavuzu, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 895, Ankara. 2. Amaral-Philips, D.M., Bicudo, J.R, Turner, L.W., 2001. Managing the Total Mixed Ration to Prevent Problems in Dairy Cows. Cooperative Extension Service, Universy Of Kentucky, 12, 2001.
  • 3. Anonim, 2009. Welfare Quality® Assesment Protocol for Cattle Wefare. Quality® Consortium, Leystad, Netherlands.
  • 4. Beede, D.K., 2012. What Will Our Ruminants Drink ? Animal Frontiers, Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 36–43.
  • 5. Cabrera, V.E., Kalantari, A.S., 2016. Economics of Production Efficiency: Nutritional Grouping of The Lactating Cow. Journal of Dairy Science. 99: 825-841.
  • 6. Coppock, C.E., Bath, D.L., Harris, B., 1981. From Feeding to Feeding Systems. Journal of Dairy Science. 64: 1230-1249.
  • 7. DeVries TJ, Beauchemin KA, Von Keyserlingk MAG 2007. Dietary Forage Concentration Affects the Feed Sorting Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 90: 5572-5579.
  • 8. DeVries, T.J., Von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Beauchemin, K.A., 2003. Short Communication: Diurnal Feeding Pattern of Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 86: 4079–4082.
  • 9. Dobbelaar, P., Noordhuizen, J.P.T.M., Wilbrink, H., Brand, A., 1985. Veterinary Herd Health and Production Service on Dairy Farms V. Index list on metabolic/nutritional diseases, body condition score and ration composition. Prev Vet Med, 3: s: 289-300.
  • 10. Eastridge, M.L., 2012. Variation in Milk Fat of Fresh Cows. Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, April 24 and 25, 59-65.
  • 11. Edmonson, A.J., Lean, I.J., Weawer, L.D., Farver, T., Webster, G., 1989. A Body Condition Scoring Chart for Holstein Dairy Cows. ISBN 978-961-6204-54-5 1. Hamoen, Arie 2. Bewley, Jeffrey 254679808.
  • 12. Endres, M.I., Espejo, L.A., 2010. Feeding Management and Characteristics of Rations for High-Producing Dairy Cows in Freestall Herds. Journal of Dairy Science. 93: 822-829.
  • 13. Işık, H., 2018. Susurluk Bölgesinde TRK (Toplam Rasyon Karışımı) Kullanan Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinde Beslemenin Yönetimi Üzerine Gözlemler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, Çanakkale.
  • 14. Jones, N.B., O’Connell, J.F., Hawkes, K., 1990. Reanalysis of Large Mammal Body Part Transport Among The Hadza. J Archaeol Sci, 17: s: 301-316.
  • 15. Maulfair DD, Heinrichs AJ 2013. Effects of Varying Forage Particle Size and Fermentable Carbohydrates on Feed Sorting, Ruminal fermentation, and Milk and Component Yields of Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 96: 3085-3097.
  • 16. Miller-Cushon, E.K., DeVries, T.J., 2009. Effect of Dietary Dry Matter Concentration on The Sorting Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed A Total Mixed Ration. Journal of Dairy Science. 92: 3292-3298.
  • 17. NRC, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. National Research Council, 7th rev. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.
  • 18. Oetzel, G.R., 2014. Undertaking Nutritional Diagnostic Investigations. Veterinary Clinics of Food Animal, 30: 765-788.
  • 19. Pryce, J.E., Coffey, M.P., Simm, G., 2001.The Relationship Between Body Condition Score and Reproductive Performance. J Dairy Sci; 84: s: 1508-1515.
  • 20. Scott, T.A., 1995. Effects of Rumen-Inert Fat on Lactation, Reproduction, and Health of High Producing Holstein Herds. J Dairy Sci, 78: s: 2435-2451.
  • 21. Veerkamp, R.F., 1997. Genetic Correlations Between Linear Type Traits, Food Intake, Live Weight and Condition Score in Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle. Anim Sci; s: 385- 392.
  • 22. Waldner, D.N., Looper, M.L., 2007. Water for Dairy Cattle. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service ANSI4275, pp.1-4.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Timuçin Parlar

Fisun Koc

Publication Date June 15, 2020
Acceptance Date August 12, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Parlar, T., & Koc, F. (2020). Toplam Rasyon Karışımı Kullanılan Bir Süt Sığırı İşletmesinin Besleme Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Tarım Ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 24-32.