Abstract
Metabolik sendrom (MS) obezite, dislipidemi, hipertansiyon ve insülin direnci gibi kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için risk faktörlerini içeren kriterlerin bir araya gelmesi olarak tanımlanmıştır. MS prevalansı obezite ve sedanter yaşama bağlı olarak tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada MS’de lipid profilini tespit etmek amacıyla Trabzon il merkezinde toplam 2017 kişi tarandı ve MS tespit edilen 355 (231 kadın ve 124 erkek) kişi çalışmaya dahil edildi. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) 2001 ATP III raporunda yer alan beş MS tanı kriterinden en az üçüne sahip olan hastalara MS tanısı konuldu. Kontrol grubu aynı örneklem grubu içindeki 100 (64 kadın, 36 erkek) kişiden oluşturuldu. MS tespit edilen 355 kişiden, 224'ü üç kritere, 11'i dört kritere, 20'si beş kritere sahip olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Hastalardan alınan serum örneklerinde rutin biyokimya laboratuvarında yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein (HDL-K), düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL-K), C reaaktif protein (CRP), lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), apolipoprotein B100 (apo B-100), insulin, total kolesterol (TK), trigliserid (TG) ölçüldü. Ayrıca serum örneklerinde okside LDL (oksLDL), peroksid kapasitesi ve total antioksidan kapasitesi (TAK) ticari kitler kullanılarak ölçüldü. OksLDL ve peroksid kapasitesi hasta gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken, TAK ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu. Bunun yanı sıra hasta gruplarında kontrol grubuna kıyasla apo B-100, Lp(a), CRP, insülin, TK, glukoz, TG, bel çevresi, sistolik ve diyastolik kan basıncı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken, apo A-I ve HDL-K seviyeleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu. MS’de oksidatif stres dolayısıyla lipid oksidasyonunun arttığı, buna karşılık antioksidan sistemin zayıfladığı sonucuna varıldı.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNASYON BİRİMİ
Project Number
2003.114.003.5
References
- 1. Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988; 37(12): 1595-1607. DOI:10.2337/diab.37.12.1595
- 2. Kaplan NM. The deadly quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1989; 149(7): 1514-1520. DOI:10.1001/archinte.149.7.1514.
- 3. Tabel Y, Mir S. Obez ve hipertansiyonlu çocukları bekleyen önemli bir sorun: Metabolik sendrom. Nefroloji Dergisi. 2004; 13: 140-143.
- 4. Miranda PJ, DeFronzo RA, Califf RM, Guyton JR. Metabolic syndrome: definition, pathophysiology, and mechanisms. Am Heart J. 2005; 149(1): 33-45. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.07.013.
- 5. Onat A, Sansoy V: Halkımızda Koroner Hastalığın Başsuçlusu Metabolik Sendrom: Sıklığı, Unsurları, Koroner Risk ile İlişkisi ve Yüksek Risk Kriterleri. Türk Kardiyol Dem Arş. 2002; 30: 8-15.
- 6. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002; 106(25): 3143-3421.
- 7. Rani V, Deep G, Singh RK, Palle K, Yadav UC. Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Life Sci. 2016; 148: 183-193. DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.002.
- 8. Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH, Brown DW. The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes. 2003; 52(9): 2346-2352. DOI:10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2346.
- 9. Lemeshow S, Hosmer Jr DW, Klar J,Lwanga SK: Sağlık Araştırmalarında Örneklem Büyüklüğünün Yeterliliği (Çev. Kayaalp SO) Hacettepe Taş Yayınevi, 2000, s.14210.
- 10. Akgül A. Tıbbı Araştırmalarda İstatiksel Analiz Teknikleri"SPSS Uygulamalan". Yükseköğretim Kurulu Matbaası, Ankara, 1997, s.209-237.
- 11. Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24(4): 683-689. DOI:10.2337/diacare.24.4.683.
- 12. Andreeva-Gateva P, Popova D, Orbetsova V. Antioksidantni pokazateli pri metaboliten sindrom -- dinamichno proslediavane v khod na oralen gliukozotoleranten test [Antioxidant parameters in metabolic syndrome -- a dynamic evaluation during oral glucose tolerance test]. Vutr Boles. 2001; 33(2-3): 48-53.
- 13. Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, et al. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2004; 114(12): 1752-1761. DOI:10.1172/JCI21625.
- 14. Fagerberg B, Bokemark L, Hulthe J. The metabolic syndrome, smoking, and antibodies to oxidized LDL in 58-year-old clinically healthy men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001; 11(4): 227-235.
- 15. Sentí M, Tomás M, Fitó M, et al. Antioxidant paraoxonase 1 activity in the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(11): 5422-5426. DOI:10.1210/jc.2003-030648.
- 16. Lee KU. Oxidative stress markers in Korean subjects with insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2001; 54: 33. DOI:10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00332-1.
- 17. Sigurdardottir V, Fagerberg B, Hulthe J. Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and LDL size in clinically healthy 58-year-old men (AIR study). J Intern Med. 2002; 252(5): 440-447. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.01054.x.
- 18. Holvoet P, Kritchevsky SB, Tracy RP, et al. The metabolic syndrome, circulating oxidized LDL, and risk of myocardial infarction in well-functioning elderly people in the health, aging, and body composition cohort. Diabetes. 2004; 53(4): 1068-1073. DOI:10.2337/diabetes.53.4.1068.
- 19. Hansel B, Giral P, Nobecourt E, et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated oxidative stress and dysfunctional dense high-density lipoprotein particles displaying impaired antioxidative activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89(10): 4963-4971. DOI:10.1210/jc.2004-0305.
- 20. Khan BV, Sola S, Lauten WB, et al. Quinapril, an ACE inhibitor, reduces markers of oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(7): 1712-1715. DOI:10.2337/diacare.27.7.1712.
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has been defined as a combination of criteria including risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as obesity (especially abdominal obesity), dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing in Turkey as well as in the whole world due to obesity and sedentary life. In this study, a total of 2017 people were screened in Trabzon city center in order to determine the lipid profile of metabolic syndrome. A total of 355 people aged 20-59 years with metabolic syndrome were included in the study. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made by the presence of at least three of the five metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria according to the NCEP 2001 ATP III report. A total of 100 people, 64 women and 36 men, were included in the control group. Of the 355 people with metabolic syndrome, 224 met three criteria, 11 had four criteria and 20 had five criteria. In this study, oxidized LDL (oxLDL) antibody, peroxide capacity, which is one of the lipid oxidation tests, was found to be significantly higher in all three subgroups compared to the control group. Total antioxidant capacity was found to be significantly lower. In addition, apo B-100, Lypoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], C reactive protein (CRP), insulin, total cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the metabolic syndrome patient group compared to the control group while apo A-I and HDL-C were found to be significantly lower. It was concluded that lipid oxidation increased due to oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, while the antioxidant system was weakened.
Project Number
2003.114.003.5
References
- 1. Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988; 37(12): 1595-1607. DOI:10.2337/diab.37.12.1595
- 2. Kaplan NM. The deadly quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1989; 149(7): 1514-1520. DOI:10.1001/archinte.149.7.1514.
- 3. Tabel Y, Mir S. Obez ve hipertansiyonlu çocukları bekleyen önemli bir sorun: Metabolik sendrom. Nefroloji Dergisi. 2004; 13: 140-143.
- 4. Miranda PJ, DeFronzo RA, Califf RM, Guyton JR. Metabolic syndrome: definition, pathophysiology, and mechanisms. Am Heart J. 2005; 149(1): 33-45. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.07.013.
- 5. Onat A, Sansoy V: Halkımızda Koroner Hastalığın Başsuçlusu Metabolik Sendrom: Sıklığı, Unsurları, Koroner Risk ile İlişkisi ve Yüksek Risk Kriterleri. Türk Kardiyol Dem Arş. 2002; 30: 8-15.
- 6. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002; 106(25): 3143-3421.
- 7. Rani V, Deep G, Singh RK, Palle K, Yadav UC. Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Life Sci. 2016; 148: 183-193. DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.002.
- 8. Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH, Brown DW. The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes. 2003; 52(9): 2346-2352. DOI:10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2346.
- 9. Lemeshow S, Hosmer Jr DW, Klar J,Lwanga SK: Sağlık Araştırmalarında Örneklem Büyüklüğünün Yeterliliği (Çev. Kayaalp SO) Hacettepe Taş Yayınevi, 2000, s.14210.
- 10. Akgül A. Tıbbı Araştırmalarda İstatiksel Analiz Teknikleri"SPSS Uygulamalan". Yükseköğretim Kurulu Matbaası, Ankara, 1997, s.209-237.
- 11. Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24(4): 683-689. DOI:10.2337/diacare.24.4.683.
- 12. Andreeva-Gateva P, Popova D, Orbetsova V. Antioksidantni pokazateli pri metaboliten sindrom -- dinamichno proslediavane v khod na oralen gliukozotoleranten test [Antioxidant parameters in metabolic syndrome -- a dynamic evaluation during oral glucose tolerance test]. Vutr Boles. 2001; 33(2-3): 48-53.
- 13. Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, et al. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2004; 114(12): 1752-1761. DOI:10.1172/JCI21625.
- 14. Fagerberg B, Bokemark L, Hulthe J. The metabolic syndrome, smoking, and antibodies to oxidized LDL in 58-year-old clinically healthy men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001; 11(4): 227-235.
- 15. Sentí M, Tomás M, Fitó M, et al. Antioxidant paraoxonase 1 activity in the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(11): 5422-5426. DOI:10.1210/jc.2003-030648.
- 16. Lee KU. Oxidative stress markers in Korean subjects with insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2001; 54: 33. DOI:10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00332-1.
- 17. Sigurdardottir V, Fagerberg B, Hulthe J. Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and LDL size in clinically healthy 58-year-old men (AIR study). J Intern Med. 2002; 252(5): 440-447. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.01054.x.
- 18. Holvoet P, Kritchevsky SB, Tracy RP, et al. The metabolic syndrome, circulating oxidized LDL, and risk of myocardial infarction in well-functioning elderly people in the health, aging, and body composition cohort. Diabetes. 2004; 53(4): 1068-1073. DOI:10.2337/diabetes.53.4.1068.
- 19. Hansel B, Giral P, Nobecourt E, et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated oxidative stress and dysfunctional dense high-density lipoprotein particles displaying impaired antioxidative activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89(10): 4963-4971. DOI:10.1210/jc.2004-0305.
- 20. Khan BV, Sola S, Lauten WB, et al. Quinapril, an ACE inhibitor, reduces markers of oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(7): 1712-1715. DOI:10.2337/diacare.27.7.1712.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 2003.114.003.5 |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2022 |
| Submission Date | December 3, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 |
*The articles to be sent to the journal should be prepared according to the sample files given below. Manuscripts not prepared in accordance with the journal format will be returned to the Author(s).
1. ORIGİNAL ARTİCLE TEMPLATE/ÖZGÜN MAKALE ŞABLONU
2. CASE REPORT TEMPLATE/OLGU SUNUMU ŞABLONU
3. REVİEW TEMPLATE /DERLEME ŞABLONU
5. COPYRİGHT TRANSFER FORM/TELİF HAKKI DEVİR FORMU
**International Medical Journals Editorial Board (ICMJE) directive