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Allium cepa L.’ da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 146 - 158, 15.12.2018

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada, farklı dozlarda Krom ağır metalinin (K2Cr2O7)
Allium cepa L.’de fizyolojik,
sitogenetik ve anatomik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Fizyolojik parametre olarak
çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu ve ağırlık artışı; sitogenetik parametre olarak
mikronukleus (MN) sıklığı, kromozomal aberasyonlar ve mitotik indeks (MI)
araştırılmıştır.  K2Cr2O7
uygulaması ile çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık artışı ve MI oranlarının
azaldığı, MN sıklığı ve kromozomal hasarların ise arttığı belirlenmiştir. En
belirgin toksik etki ise 12.5 mg/L K2Cr2O7
uygulanan grupta gözlenmiştir. Mikroskobik incelemeler neticesinde K2Cr2O7’nin
teşvik ettiği kromozomal hasarlar; kromatinin eşit olmayan dağılımı, fragment,
yapışkan kromozom, kromozom köprüsü, c-mitoz, ters kutuplaşma olarak
belirlenmiştir. K2Cr2O7 uygulamasının
kromozomal hasarlar içerisinde en büyük etkinin fragment oluşumu üzerine olduğu
tespit edilirken, en az oranda gözlenen kromozom hasarının ise ters kutuplaşma
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca K2Cr2O7
uygulaması kök ucu meristematik hücrelerinde yassılaşmış hücre çekirdeği,
korteks hücre çeperinde kalınlaşma, hücre deformasyonu ve nekroz şeklinde
anatomik hasarlara neden olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, K2Cr2O7’nin
A. cepa’da fizyolojik, sitogenetik ve
anatomik açıdan ciddi toksik etkilere neden olduğu, bu etkinin de doza bağımlı
olarak gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Arakawa, H., Wu, F., Costa, M., Rom, W., Tang, M., 2006. Sequence Specificity of Cr (III)–DNA Adduct Formation in the p53 gene: NGG Sequences are Preferential Adduct-Forming Sites. Carcinogenesis. 27, 639–645.Atik, M., Karagüzel, O., Ersoy, S., 2007. Sıcaklığın Dalbergia sissoo Tohumlarının Çimlenme Özelliklerine Etkisi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 20(2), 203–210.Baldwin, D.R., Marshall, W.J., 1999. Heavy Metal Poisoning and Its Laboratory Investigation. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 36, 267-300.Baker, A.J.M., 1981. Accumulators and Excluders-Strategies in the Response of Plants To Heavy Metals. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 3, 643-654.Castro, R.O., Martínez-Trujillo, M., López Bucio, J., Cervantes, C.E., 2007. Effects of Dichromate on Growth and Root System Architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings. Plant Science. 172, 684-691.Cervantes, C., Garcia, J.C., Devars, S., Corona, F.G., 2001. Interactions of Chromium with Micro-Organisms and Plants. FEMS Microbiology Review. 25, 335-347.Dixit, V., Pandey, V., Shyam, R., 2002. Chromium Ions Inactivate Electron Transport and Enhance Superoxide Generation in vivo in Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad) Root Mitochondria. Plant Cell Environment. 25, 687-690. Duffus, J.H., Worth, H.G.J., 1996. Fundamental Toxicology for Chemists Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 327Fang, Z., Zhao, M., Zhen, H., Chen, L., Shi, P., Huan, Z., 2014. Genotoxicity of Tri- and Hexavalent Chromium Compounds In Vivo and Their Modes of Action on DNA Damage In Vitro. PLoS ONE. 9(8), e103194. Fenech, M., 2000. The in Micronucleus Technique. Mutation Research. 455, 81-95.Fenech, M., 2010. The Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay and its Application in Radiation Biodosimetry. Health Physics. 98(2), 234-243.Fenech, M., Chang, W.P., Kirsch-Volders, M., Holland, N., Bonassi, S., Zeiger, E., 2003. Human Micronucleus Project. HUMN Project: Detailed Description of The Scoring Criteria for the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay using Isolated Human Lymphocyte Cultures. Mutation Research. 534, 65.Fenech, M., Crott, W.J., 2002. Micronuclei, Nucleoplasmic Bridges and Nuclear Buds Induced in Folic Acid Deficient Human Lymphocytes-Evidence for Breakage-Fusion-Bridge Cycles in the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay. Mutation Research. 504, 131-136. Gupta, S., Srivastava, S., Saradhi, P.P., 2009. Chromium Increases Photosystem 2 Activity in Brassica juncea. Biol. Plant. 53, 100-104.Gupta, K., Gaumat, S., Mishra, K., 2012. Studies on Phyto-Genotoxic Assessment of Tannery Effluent and Chromium on Allium cepa. Journal of Environmental Biology. 33, 557-563.Gür, N., Topdemir, A., Munzuroğlu, Ö., Çobanoğlu, D., 2004. Ağır Metal İyonlarının (Cu+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cd+2) Clivia sp. Bitkisi Polenlerinin Çimlenmesi ve Tüp Büyümesi Üzerine Etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen ve Matematik Bilimleri Dergisi. 16(2), 177-182.Han, F.X., Maruthi, Sridhar, B.B., Monts, D.L., Su, Y., 2004. Phytoavailability and Toxicity of Trivalent and Hexavalent Chromium to Brassica juncea. New Phytologist. 162, 489-499.Högstedt, B., Karlsson, A., 1985. The Size of Micronuclei in Human Lymphocytes Varies According to Inducing Agent Used. Mutation Research. 156, 229-32.Kafadar, F., Saygıdeğer, S., 2010. Gaziantep İlinde Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Atık Suları İle Sulanan Bazı Tarım Bitkilerinde Kurşun (Pb) Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi. Ekoloji. 19(75), 41-48.Kimbrough, D.ED., Cohen, Y., Winer, A.M., 1999. A Critical Assessment of Chromium in the Environment. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 29, 1-46. Makbul, S., Kandemir, A., Turkmen, Z., Beyazoglu, O., 2008. Morphological and Anatomical Features of Verbascum alyssifolium. Herbal Journal System Botanic. 15, 125-140.Mcgrath, S.P., 1995. Chromium and Nickel, 152-178, In:Alloway, B.J., (Ed) Heavy Metal In Soils, Second Ed. Chapman and Hall, Great Britain.O’Brien, T.J., Brooks, B.R., Patierno, S.R., 2005. Nucleotide Excision Repair Functions in the Removal of Chromium-Induced DNA Damage in Mammalian Cells. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 279, 85–95. Panda, S.K., Mahapatra, S., Patra, I.I.K., 2002. Chromium Toxicity and Water Stress Simulation Effects in Intact Senescing Leaves of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L. Var Wilckzeck K851), 129-136, In: Panda, S.K., (Ed), Advances in Stress Physiology of Plants, Scientific Publishers, India,Pandey, V., Dixit, V., Shyam, R., 2009. Chromium Effect on ROS Generation and Detoxification in Pea (Pisum sativum) Leaf Chloroplasts. Protoplasma. 236, 85-95.Paschke, M.W., Valdecantos, A., Redente, E.F., 2005. Manganese Toxicity Thresholds for Restoration Grass Species. Environmental Pollution. 135, 313-322.Peralta, J.R., GardeaTorresday, J.L. , 2001. Uptake and Effects of Five Heavy Metals on Seed Germination and Plant Growth in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 66, 727-734.Rout, G.R., Samantaray, S., Das, P., 1977. Differential Chromium Tolerance Among Eight Mung Bean Cultivars Grown in Nutrient Culture. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 20, 341-347.Shanker, A.K., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H., Avudainayagam, S., 2005. Chromium Toxicity in Plants. Environment International. 31, 739-753.Staykova, T.A., Ivanova, E.N., Velcheva, I.G., 2005. Cytogenetic Effect of Heavy Metal and Cyanide in Contamined Waters from the Region of Southwest Bulgaria. Journal of Cell and Molecular Biology. 4, 41–46.Subrahmanyam, D., 2008. Effects of Chromium Toxicity on Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics and Oxidative Changes in Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). Photosynthetica, 46, 339-345.Thomas, P., Holland, N., BolognesiI, C., Kirsch-Volders, M., BonassiI, S., Zeiger, E K., Fenech, M., 2009. Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay. Nature Protocol. 4(6), 825-837.Wei, Q.X., 2004. Mutagenic Effects of Chromium Trioxide on RootTip Cells of Vicia faba. Journal of Zhejiang University Science. 5, 1570–1576.Wu, J., Lyons, GH., Graham, RD., Fenech, M., 2009. The Effect of Selenium, as Selenomethionine, on Genome Stability and Cytotoxicity in Human Lymphocytes Measured using the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay. Mutation Research. 24(3), 225-232. Xu, J., Manning, F.C., Patierno, S.R., 1994. Preferential Formation And Repair of Chromium-Induced DNA Adducts and DNA-Protein Crosslinks in Nuclear Matrix DNA. Carcinogenesis. 15, 1443–1450.Vajpayee, P., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B.,Tripathi, R.D., Yadav, V., Sinha, S., Singh, S.N., 2001. Chromium Induced Physiological Changes in Vallisneria spiralis L. and Its Role in Phytoremediation of Tannery Effluent. The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 67, 246-256.Vijayalakshmi, R., Subramanian, V., Nair, B.U., Sarma, R.H., 2002. A Study of the Interaction of Cr (III) Complexes and Their Selective Binding with B-DNA: A Molecular Modeling Approach. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 19, 1063–1071.Volesky, B., 1990. Biosorption by Fungal Biomass. In Biosorption of Heavy Metals;Volesky, B., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 139-172.Von Ledebur, M.M., Schmid, W. , 1973. The Micronucleus Test: Methodological Aspects. Mutation Research. 19, 109-17.Zayed, A.M., Terry, N., 2003. Chromium in the Environment: Factors Affecting Biological Remediation. Plant Soil. 249, 139-156.Zhitkovich, A., Shrager, S., Messer, J., 2000. Reductive Metabolism of Cr(VI) by Cysteine Leads to the Formation of Binary and Ternary Cr–DNA Adducts in the Absence of Oxidative DNA Damage. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 13, 1114–1124. Zurayk, R., Sukkariah, B., Baalbaki, R., 2001. Common Hydrophytesas Bioindicators of Nickel, Chromium and Cadmium Pollution. Water Air Soil Poll. 127, 373-388.
Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 146 - 158, 15.12.2018

Abstract

References

  • Arakawa, H., Wu, F., Costa, M., Rom, W., Tang, M., 2006. Sequence Specificity of Cr (III)–DNA Adduct Formation in the p53 gene: NGG Sequences are Preferential Adduct-Forming Sites. Carcinogenesis. 27, 639–645.Atik, M., Karagüzel, O., Ersoy, S., 2007. Sıcaklığın Dalbergia sissoo Tohumlarının Çimlenme Özelliklerine Etkisi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 20(2), 203–210.Baldwin, D.R., Marshall, W.J., 1999. Heavy Metal Poisoning and Its Laboratory Investigation. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 36, 267-300.Baker, A.J.M., 1981. Accumulators and Excluders-Strategies in the Response of Plants To Heavy Metals. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 3, 643-654.Castro, R.O., Martínez-Trujillo, M., López Bucio, J., Cervantes, C.E., 2007. Effects of Dichromate on Growth and Root System Architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings. Plant Science. 172, 684-691.Cervantes, C., Garcia, J.C., Devars, S., Corona, F.G., 2001. Interactions of Chromium with Micro-Organisms and Plants. FEMS Microbiology Review. 25, 335-347.Dixit, V., Pandey, V., Shyam, R., 2002. Chromium Ions Inactivate Electron Transport and Enhance Superoxide Generation in vivo in Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad) Root Mitochondria. Plant Cell Environment. 25, 687-690. Duffus, J.H., Worth, H.G.J., 1996. Fundamental Toxicology for Chemists Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 327Fang, Z., Zhao, M., Zhen, H., Chen, L., Shi, P., Huan, Z., 2014. Genotoxicity of Tri- and Hexavalent Chromium Compounds In Vivo and Their Modes of Action on DNA Damage In Vitro. PLoS ONE. 9(8), e103194. Fenech, M., 2000. The in Micronucleus Technique. Mutation Research. 455, 81-95.Fenech, M., 2010. The Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay and its Application in Radiation Biodosimetry. Health Physics. 98(2), 234-243.Fenech, M., Chang, W.P., Kirsch-Volders, M., Holland, N., Bonassi, S., Zeiger, E., 2003. Human Micronucleus Project. HUMN Project: Detailed Description of The Scoring Criteria for the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay using Isolated Human Lymphocyte Cultures. Mutation Research. 534, 65.Fenech, M., Crott, W.J., 2002. Micronuclei, Nucleoplasmic Bridges and Nuclear Buds Induced in Folic Acid Deficient Human Lymphocytes-Evidence for Breakage-Fusion-Bridge Cycles in the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay. Mutation Research. 504, 131-136. Gupta, S., Srivastava, S., Saradhi, P.P., 2009. Chromium Increases Photosystem 2 Activity in Brassica juncea. Biol. Plant. 53, 100-104.Gupta, K., Gaumat, S., Mishra, K., 2012. Studies on Phyto-Genotoxic Assessment of Tannery Effluent and Chromium on Allium cepa. Journal of Environmental Biology. 33, 557-563.Gür, N., Topdemir, A., Munzuroğlu, Ö., Çobanoğlu, D., 2004. Ağır Metal İyonlarının (Cu+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cd+2) Clivia sp. Bitkisi Polenlerinin Çimlenmesi ve Tüp Büyümesi Üzerine Etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen ve Matematik Bilimleri Dergisi. 16(2), 177-182.Han, F.X., Maruthi, Sridhar, B.B., Monts, D.L., Su, Y., 2004. Phytoavailability and Toxicity of Trivalent and Hexavalent Chromium to Brassica juncea. New Phytologist. 162, 489-499.Högstedt, B., Karlsson, A., 1985. The Size of Micronuclei in Human Lymphocytes Varies According to Inducing Agent Used. Mutation Research. 156, 229-32.Kafadar, F., Saygıdeğer, S., 2010. Gaziantep İlinde Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Atık Suları İle Sulanan Bazı Tarım Bitkilerinde Kurşun (Pb) Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi. Ekoloji. 19(75), 41-48.Kimbrough, D.ED., Cohen, Y., Winer, A.M., 1999. A Critical Assessment of Chromium in the Environment. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 29, 1-46. Makbul, S., Kandemir, A., Turkmen, Z., Beyazoglu, O., 2008. Morphological and Anatomical Features of Verbascum alyssifolium. Herbal Journal System Botanic. 15, 125-140.Mcgrath, S.P., 1995. Chromium and Nickel, 152-178, In:Alloway, B.J., (Ed) Heavy Metal In Soils, Second Ed. Chapman and Hall, Great Britain.O’Brien, T.J., Brooks, B.R., Patierno, S.R., 2005. Nucleotide Excision Repair Functions in the Removal of Chromium-Induced DNA Damage in Mammalian Cells. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 279, 85–95. Panda, S.K., Mahapatra, S., Patra, I.I.K., 2002. Chromium Toxicity and Water Stress Simulation Effects in Intact Senescing Leaves of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L. Var Wilckzeck K851), 129-136, In: Panda, S.K., (Ed), Advances in Stress Physiology of Plants, Scientific Publishers, India,Pandey, V., Dixit, V., Shyam, R., 2009. Chromium Effect on ROS Generation and Detoxification in Pea (Pisum sativum) Leaf Chloroplasts. Protoplasma. 236, 85-95.Paschke, M.W., Valdecantos, A., Redente, E.F., 2005. Manganese Toxicity Thresholds for Restoration Grass Species. Environmental Pollution. 135, 313-322.Peralta, J.R., GardeaTorresday, J.L. , 2001. Uptake and Effects of Five Heavy Metals on Seed Germination and Plant Growth in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 66, 727-734.Rout, G.R., Samantaray, S., Das, P., 1977. Differential Chromium Tolerance Among Eight Mung Bean Cultivars Grown in Nutrient Culture. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 20, 341-347.Shanker, A.K., Cervantes, C., Loza-Tavera, H., Avudainayagam, S., 2005. Chromium Toxicity in Plants. Environment International. 31, 739-753.Staykova, T.A., Ivanova, E.N., Velcheva, I.G., 2005. Cytogenetic Effect of Heavy Metal and Cyanide in Contamined Waters from the Region of Southwest Bulgaria. Journal of Cell and Molecular Biology. 4, 41–46.Subrahmanyam, D., 2008. Effects of Chromium Toxicity on Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics and Oxidative Changes in Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). Photosynthetica, 46, 339-345.Thomas, P., Holland, N., BolognesiI, C., Kirsch-Volders, M., BonassiI, S., Zeiger, E K., Fenech, M., 2009. Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay. Nature Protocol. 4(6), 825-837.Wei, Q.X., 2004. Mutagenic Effects of Chromium Trioxide on RootTip Cells of Vicia faba. Journal of Zhejiang University Science. 5, 1570–1576.Wu, J., Lyons, GH., Graham, RD., Fenech, M., 2009. The Effect of Selenium, as Selenomethionine, on Genome Stability and Cytotoxicity in Human Lymphocytes Measured using the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay. Mutation Research. 24(3), 225-232. Xu, J., Manning, F.C., Patierno, S.R., 1994. Preferential Formation And Repair of Chromium-Induced DNA Adducts and DNA-Protein Crosslinks in Nuclear Matrix DNA. Carcinogenesis. 15, 1443–1450.Vajpayee, P., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B.,Tripathi, R.D., Yadav, V., Sinha, S., Singh, S.N., 2001. Chromium Induced Physiological Changes in Vallisneria spiralis L. and Its Role in Phytoremediation of Tannery Effluent. The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 67, 246-256.Vijayalakshmi, R., Subramanian, V., Nair, B.U., Sarma, R.H., 2002. A Study of the Interaction of Cr (III) Complexes and Their Selective Binding with B-DNA: A Molecular Modeling Approach. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 19, 1063–1071.Volesky, B., 1990. Biosorption by Fungal Biomass. In Biosorption of Heavy Metals;Volesky, B., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 139-172.Von Ledebur, M.M., Schmid, W. , 1973. The Micronucleus Test: Methodological Aspects. Mutation Research. 19, 109-17.Zayed, A.M., Terry, N., 2003. Chromium in the Environment: Factors Affecting Biological Remediation. Plant Soil. 249, 139-156.Zhitkovich, A., Shrager, S., Messer, J., 2000. Reductive Metabolism of Cr(VI) by Cysteine Leads to the Formation of Binary and Ternary Cr–DNA Adducts in the Absence of Oxidative DNA Damage. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 13, 1114–1124. Zurayk, R., Sukkariah, B., Baalbaki, R., 2001. Common Hydrophytesas Bioindicators of Nickel, Chromium and Cadmium Pollution. Water Air Soil Poll. 127, 373-388.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Nurşah Ocak Gürel This is me 0000-0002-6234-3100

Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu 0000-0002-4767-9132

Emine Yalçın 0000-0002-5280-5375

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ocak Gürel, N., Çavuşoğlu, K., & Yalçın, E. (2018). Allium cepa L.’ da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 7(3), 146-158.
AMA Ocak Gürel N, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E. Allium cepa L.’ da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması. GBAD. December 2018;7(3):146-158.
Chicago Ocak Gürel, Nurşah, Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu, and Emine Yalçın. “Allium Cepa L.’ Da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması”. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi 7, no. 3 (December 2018): 146-58.
EndNote Ocak Gürel N, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E (December 1, 2018) Allium cepa L.’ da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi 7 3 146–158.
IEEE N. Ocak Gürel, K. Çavuşoğlu, and E. Yalçın, “Allium cepa L.’ da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması”, GBAD, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 146–158, 2018.
ISNAD Ocak Gürel, Nurşah et al. “Allium Cepa L.’ Da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması”. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi 7/3 (December 2018), 146-158.
JAMA Ocak Gürel N, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E. Allium cepa L.’ da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması. GBAD. 2018;7:146–158.
MLA Ocak Gürel, Nurşah et al. “Allium Cepa L.’ Da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması”. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 3, 2018, pp. 146-58.
Vancouver Ocak Gürel N, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E. Allium cepa L.’ da Krom (K2Cr2O7)’un Toksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması. GBAD. 2018;7(3):146-58.