Review
Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 90 - 96, 31.12.2022
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease; is the most common type of dementia in our country and the world, manifested by cognitive and motor disorders with insidious onset and progressive character. Epidemiological data support an inverse relationship between exercise and the risk of developing this disease. Beyond this preventive role, exercise can also slow the progression of the disease. In particular, aerobic exercise activates the release of neurotrophic factors, which in turn improves memory and cognitive functions. Exercise intervention applied as a treatment method for Alzheimer's disease; results in an improvement in cognitive function, a reduction in neuropsychiatric symptoms, and a slower decline in activities of daily living. Alzheimer's disease is common in aging populations, so even a small impact from non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise can significantly impact public health. In this review, the effect of exercise intervention in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease is discussed.
References
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- Canady VA. Depression screening for adults without diagnosis remains low. Mental Health Weekly. 2018; 28(27): 3-4.
- Nay K, Smiles WJ, Kaiser J, et al. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Brain Function and Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(8): 4052.
- Johansson ME, Cameron IGM, Van der Kolk NM, et al. Aerobic Exercise Alters Brain Function and Structure in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Neurol. 2022; 91(2): 203-216.
- Kim Y, Lai B, Mehta T, et al. Exercise Training Guidelines for Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke, and Parkinson Disease: Rapid Review and Synthesis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019; 98(7): 613-621.
- Caldwell CC, Petzinger GM, Jakowec MW, et al. Treadmill exercise rescues mitochondrial function and motor behavior in the CAG 140 knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. Chem Biol Interact. 2020; 315: 108907.
- Willer BS, Haider MN, Bezherano I, et al. Comparison of Rest to Aerobic Exercise and Placebo-like Treatment of Acute Sport-Related Concussion in Male and Female Adolescents. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019; 100(12): 2267-2275.
- Mackay CP, Kuys SS, Brauer SG. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in People with Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neural Plasticity. 2017; 4716197.
- Vaynman S, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F. Hippocampal BDNF mediates the efficacy of exercise on synaptic plasticity and cognition. Eur J Neurosci. 2004; 20(10): 2580-2590.
- Szuhany KL, Bugatti M, Otto MW. A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Psychiatr Res. 2015; 60: 56-64.
- Tanila H. The role of BDNF in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Disease. 2017; 97: 114-118.
- Scheltens P, Blennow K, Breteler MMB, et al. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 2016; 388(10043): 505-17.
- Alzheimer Europe. Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2019: estimating the prevalence of dementia in Europe. 2020. https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/sites/default/files/alzheimer_europe_dementia_in_europe_yearbook_2019.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 19 Temmuz 2022).
- Alzheimer's Association. 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2016; 12: 459-509.
- Alzheimer’s Association. 2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2019; 15: 321-387.
- World Health Organization and Alzheimer’s Disease International. Dementia: a public health priority. World Health Organization, 24 Ağustos 2012. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/dementia-a-public-health-priority. (Erişim tarihi: 20 Haziran 2022).
- Lee HB, Lyketsos CG. Depression in Alzheimer's disease: heterogeneity and related issues. Biological Psychiatry. 2033; 54(3): 353-362.
- Türkiye Alzheimer Derneği. Belirtiler ve Tanı, 2020. https://www.alzheimerdernegi.org.tr/belirtiler-ve-tani/
- Green C, Handels R, Gustavsson A, et al. Assessing cost-effectiveness of early intervention in Alzheimer's disease: An open-source modeling framework. Alzheimers Dement. 2019; 15(10): 1309-1321.
- Rashid MH, Zahid MF, Zain S, et al. The Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Decline: A Preventive Approach to Alzheimer Disease. Cureus. 2020; 12(2): e6958.
- Alzheimer's Association. 2022 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, 2022.
- Türkiye Alzheimer Derneği. https://www.alzheimerdernegi.org.tr/. (Erişim tarihi: 29 Haziran 2022).
- World Health Organization. Physical activity. 26 Kasım 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity. (Erişim tarihi: 19 Temmuz 2022).
- Panza GA, Taylor BA, MacDonald HV, et al. Can Exercise Improve Cognitive Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2018; 66(3): 487-495.
- De La Rosa A, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Arc-Chagnaud C, et al. Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2020; 9(5): 394-404.
- Hamer M, Chida Y. Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: a systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychol Med. 2009; 39(1): 3-11.
- Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Yu L, et al. Total daily physical activity and the risk of AD and cognitive decline in older adults. Neurology. 2012; 78(17): 1323-1329.
- Singh MAF, Gates N, Saigal N, et al. The study of mental and resistance training (SMART) study—resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 873-880.
- Cordes T, Bischoff LL, Schoene D, et al. A multicomponent exercise intervention to improve physical functioning, cognition and psychosocial well-being in elderly nursing home residents: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial in the PROCARE (prevention and occupational health in long-term care) Project. BMC Geriatrics, 19, 369, 2019.
- Ballard C, Khan Z, Clack H, et al. Nonpharmacological treatment of Alzheimer disease. Can J Psychiatry. 2011; 56(10): 589-595.
- Santos-Lozano A, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, et al. Physical Activity and Alzheimer Disease: A Protective Association. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016; 91(8): 999-1020.
- Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Morales JS, et al. Exercise benefits on Alzheimer's disease: State-of-the-science. Ageing Res Rev. 2020; 62: 101108.
- Cui MY, Lin Y, Sheng JY, et al. Exercise Intervention Associated with Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast. 2018; 9234105.
- Rasmussen P, Brassard P, Adser H, et al. Evidence for a release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from the brain during exercise. Exp Physiol. 2009; 94(10): 1062-1069.
- Jia RX, Liang JH, Xu Y, et al. Effects of physical activity and exercise on the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2019; 19(1): 181.
- Teixeira C, Rezende T, Magalhães T, et al. Effects of aerobic exercise on progression of hippocampal volume and cognition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment due to AD. Alzheimer's & dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2017; 13(7): 389.
- Wu C, Yang L, Li Y, et al. Effects of Exercise Training on Anxious-Depressive-like Behavior in Alzheimer Rat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020; 52(7): 1456-1469.
- Lai X, Wen H, Li Y, et al. The Comparative Efficacy of Multiple Interventions for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2020; 12.
- Morris JK, Vidoni ED, Johnson DK, et al. Aerobic exercise for Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial. PLoS One. 2017; 12(2): e0170547.
- Li B, Liang F, Ding X, et al. Interval and continuous exercise overcome memory deficits related to β-Amyloid accumulation through modulating mitochondrial dynamics. Behav Brain Res. 2019; 376: 112171.
- Choi DH, Kwon KC, Hwang DJ, et al. Treadmill Exercise Alleviates Brain Iron Dyshomeostasis Accelerating Neuronal Amyloid-β Production, Neuronal Cell Death, and Cognitive Impairment in Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol. 2021; 58(7): 3208-3223.
- Paillard T, Rolland Y, De Souto Barreto P. Protective Effects of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Neurology. 2015; 11(3): 212-219.
Year 2022,
Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 90 - 96, 31.12.2022
Abstract
Alzheimer hastalığı; bilişsel ve motor bozukluklar ile kendini gösteren, sinsi başlangıçlı, ilerleyici vasıflı, ülkemizde ve dünyada en sık görülen demans türüdür. Epidemiyolojik veriler, egzersiz ile bu hastalığın gelişme riski arasında ters bir ilişki olduğunu desteklemektedir. Bu önleyici rolün ötesinde, egzersiz hastalığın ilerlemesini de yavaşlatabilir. Özellikle aerobik egzersiz, nörotrofik faktörlerin salınımını aktive ederek sırasıyla hafıza ve bilişsel işlevleri geliştirir. Alzheimer hastalığında tedavi yöntemi olarak uygulanan egzersiz müdahalesi; bilişsel işlevde iyileşme, nöropsikiyatrik semptomlarda azalma ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde daha yavaş bir etkilenim ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Alzheimer hastalığı yaşlanan toplumlarda yaygın olarak görülmekte, bu nedenle egzersiz gibi farmakolojik olmayan müdahalelerin yarattığı küçük bir etki bile halk sağlığı üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahip olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, Alzheimer hastalığının önlenmesi ve tedavisinde egzersiz müdahalesinin etkisi tartışılmaktadır.
References
- Steel Z, Marnane C, Iranpour C, et al. The global prevalence of common mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis 1980-2013. Int J Epidemiol. 2014; 43(2): 476-493.
- Canady VA. Depression screening for adults without diagnosis remains low. Mental Health Weekly. 2018; 28(27): 3-4.
- Nay K, Smiles WJ, Kaiser J, et al. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Brain Function and Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(8): 4052.
- Johansson ME, Cameron IGM, Van der Kolk NM, et al. Aerobic Exercise Alters Brain Function and Structure in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Neurol. 2022; 91(2): 203-216.
- Kim Y, Lai B, Mehta T, et al. Exercise Training Guidelines for Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke, and Parkinson Disease: Rapid Review and Synthesis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019; 98(7): 613-621.
- Caldwell CC, Petzinger GM, Jakowec MW, et al. Treadmill exercise rescues mitochondrial function and motor behavior in the CAG 140 knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. Chem Biol Interact. 2020; 315: 108907.
- Willer BS, Haider MN, Bezherano I, et al. Comparison of Rest to Aerobic Exercise and Placebo-like Treatment of Acute Sport-Related Concussion in Male and Female Adolescents. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019; 100(12): 2267-2275.
- Mackay CP, Kuys SS, Brauer SG. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in People with Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neural Plasticity. 2017; 4716197.
- Vaynman S, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F. Hippocampal BDNF mediates the efficacy of exercise on synaptic plasticity and cognition. Eur J Neurosci. 2004; 20(10): 2580-2590.
- Szuhany KL, Bugatti M, Otto MW. A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Psychiatr Res. 2015; 60: 56-64.
- Tanila H. The role of BDNF in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Disease. 2017; 97: 114-118.
- Scheltens P, Blennow K, Breteler MMB, et al. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 2016; 388(10043): 505-17.
- Alzheimer Europe. Dementia in Europe Yearbook 2019: estimating the prevalence of dementia in Europe. 2020. https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/sites/default/files/alzheimer_europe_dementia_in_europe_yearbook_2019.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 19 Temmuz 2022).
- Alzheimer's Association. 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2016; 12: 459-509.
- Alzheimer’s Association. 2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2019; 15: 321-387.
- World Health Organization and Alzheimer’s Disease International. Dementia: a public health priority. World Health Organization, 24 Ağustos 2012. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/dementia-a-public-health-priority. (Erişim tarihi: 20 Haziran 2022).
- Lee HB, Lyketsos CG. Depression in Alzheimer's disease: heterogeneity and related issues. Biological Psychiatry. 2033; 54(3): 353-362.
- Türkiye Alzheimer Derneği. Belirtiler ve Tanı, 2020. https://www.alzheimerdernegi.org.tr/belirtiler-ve-tani/
- Green C, Handels R, Gustavsson A, et al. Assessing cost-effectiveness of early intervention in Alzheimer's disease: An open-source modeling framework. Alzheimers Dement. 2019; 15(10): 1309-1321.
- Rashid MH, Zahid MF, Zain S, et al. The Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Decline: A Preventive Approach to Alzheimer Disease. Cureus. 2020; 12(2): e6958.
- Alzheimer's Association. 2022 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, 2022.
- Türkiye Alzheimer Derneği. https://www.alzheimerdernegi.org.tr/. (Erişim tarihi: 29 Haziran 2022).
- World Health Organization. Physical activity. 26 Kasım 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity. (Erişim tarihi: 19 Temmuz 2022).
- Panza GA, Taylor BA, MacDonald HV, et al. Can Exercise Improve Cognitive Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2018; 66(3): 487-495.
- De La Rosa A, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Arc-Chagnaud C, et al. Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2020; 9(5): 394-404.
- Hamer M, Chida Y. Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: a systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychol Med. 2009; 39(1): 3-11.
- Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Yu L, et al. Total daily physical activity and the risk of AD and cognitive decline in older adults. Neurology. 2012; 78(17): 1323-1329.
- Singh MAF, Gates N, Saigal N, et al. The study of mental and resistance training (SMART) study—resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 873-880.
- Cordes T, Bischoff LL, Schoene D, et al. A multicomponent exercise intervention to improve physical functioning, cognition and psychosocial well-being in elderly nursing home residents: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial in the PROCARE (prevention and occupational health in long-term care) Project. BMC Geriatrics, 19, 369, 2019.
- Ballard C, Khan Z, Clack H, et al. Nonpharmacological treatment of Alzheimer disease. Can J Psychiatry. 2011; 56(10): 589-595.
- Santos-Lozano A, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, et al. Physical Activity and Alzheimer Disease: A Protective Association. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016; 91(8): 999-1020.
- Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Morales JS, et al. Exercise benefits on Alzheimer's disease: State-of-the-science. Ageing Res Rev. 2020; 62: 101108.
- Cui MY, Lin Y, Sheng JY, et al. Exercise Intervention Associated with Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast. 2018; 9234105.
- Rasmussen P, Brassard P, Adser H, et al. Evidence for a release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from the brain during exercise. Exp Physiol. 2009; 94(10): 1062-1069.
- Jia RX, Liang JH, Xu Y, et al. Effects of physical activity and exercise on the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2019; 19(1): 181.
- Teixeira C, Rezende T, Magalhães T, et al. Effects of aerobic exercise on progression of hippocampal volume and cognition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment due to AD. Alzheimer's & dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2017; 13(7): 389.
- Wu C, Yang L, Li Y, et al. Effects of Exercise Training on Anxious-Depressive-like Behavior in Alzheimer Rat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020; 52(7): 1456-1469.
- Lai X, Wen H, Li Y, et al. The Comparative Efficacy of Multiple Interventions for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2020; 12.
- Morris JK, Vidoni ED, Johnson DK, et al. Aerobic exercise for Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial. PLoS One. 2017; 12(2): e0170547.
- Li B, Liang F, Ding X, et al. Interval and continuous exercise overcome memory deficits related to β-Amyloid accumulation through modulating mitochondrial dynamics. Behav Brain Res. 2019; 376: 112171.
- Choi DH, Kwon KC, Hwang DJ, et al. Treadmill Exercise Alleviates Brain Iron Dyshomeostasis Accelerating Neuronal Amyloid-β Production, Neuronal Cell Death, and Cognitive Impairment in Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol. 2021; 58(7): 3208-3223.
- Paillard T, Rolland Y, De Souto Barreto P. Protective Effects of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Neurology. 2015; 11(3): 212-219.
There are 42 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2022 |
| Submission Date | September 1, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | December 8, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 3 |
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