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Pilot Yakıt Olarak Dizel/n-Heptan, Dizel/Toluen Kullanan Dizel Bir Motorda CNG İlavesinin Etkileri

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 30.04.2020

Abstract

Dünyada var olan emisyon kısıtlamaları nedeniyle dizel motorlarının üretim süreçleri sekteye uğramıştır. Çünkü dizel motorlarının çevreyi kirlettiği görülmüştür. Bu nedenle dizel motorlarında emisyonları azaltmaya yönelik çalışmalardan birisi olarak da alternatif yakıtların kullanımı gelmektedir. Seçilecek olan alternatif yakıtın ise hem ekonomik hem de çevreci olması en büyük handikapların başında gelmektedir. Günümüzde dizel motorlarında sıkıştırılmış doğalgaz (CNG) kullanımında bazı kısıtlamaların olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu çalışma hem çevreci hem de ekonomik bir yakıt olan CNG’nin dizel motorlarında kullanımındaki olumsuzlukların ortadan kaldırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla pilot yakıt olarak kullanılan dizel yakıtına hacimce %2,5, %5 ve %10 oranında toluen ve n-heptan ilave edilerek her bir pilot yakıt karışımına da tüketilen sıvı yakıtın %20 ve %40 oranına denk CNG emme manifoltundan verilmiştir. Tüm yakıt karışımları ile motor deneyleri 1, 2, 3, ve 4 kW motor yüklerinde 3000 d/dak motor hızında tekrarlanmıştır. N-heptan katkılı pilot yakıta CNG ilavesi ile birlikte fren özgül yakıt tüketiminde ve egzoz gazı sıcaklığında artış görülürken toluenli yakıt karışımı ile yakıt tüketiminde artış, egzoz gazı sıcaklığında ise azalma görülmüştür. Bunun yanında CNG ilavesi ile birlikte hidrokarbon (HC) ve karbon monoksit (CO) emisyonlarında artış azotoksitler (NOx) ve is emisyonlarında azalma tespit edilmiştir. n-heptan katkılı yakıta CNG ilavesi ile birlikteyse tüm motor emisyon değerlerinde iyileşmenin olduğu görülmüştür.

References

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  • 2. M. Y. E. Selim, M. S. Radwan, H. E. Saleh, “Improving the performance of dual fuel engines running on natural gas/LPG by using pilot fuel derived from jojoba seeds”, Renewable Energy, 33 (6): 1173-1185, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.07.015
  • 3. G.S. Fritz, I.E. Ralph, “Emissions from heavy-duty trucks converted to compressed natural gas”, SAE Transactions Journal of Commercial Vehicles, 102 (2): 538-552, 1993.
  • 4. R.V. Basshuysen, “Natural gas and renewable methane for powertrains: Future strategies for a climate-neutral mobility”, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2016.
  • 5. Der Volkswagen Deutschland, “TGI Golf”, https://www.volkswagen.de/de/models/golf-tgi.html#vw_m246_m532_jump_id 2017, [Erişim Tarihi: 19/02/2020].
  • 6. Ö. Can, “Bir DI dizel motorda etanol ön karışımlı kısmi-HCCI uygulamasının yanma ve emisyonlar üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi”, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2012.
  • 7. H. Zhao, “HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry”, England: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 19-509, 2007.
  • 8. R.G. Papagiannakis, D.T. Hountalas, “Combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of a dual fuel compression ignition engine operated with pilot diesel fuel and natural gas”, Energy Conversion and Management, 45 (18-19):2971-2987, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2004.01.013
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  • 11. M. Karabektas, G. Ergen, M. Hoşöz, “The effects of using diethylether as additive on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with CNG”, Fuel, 115, 855-860, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.062.
  • 12. R. Singh, S. Maji, “Performance and exhaust gas emissions analysis of direct ınjection CNG-diesel dual fuel engine”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 4(3): 837-838, 2012. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3f7f/f9bfc7590e351ae485ac6148aa360b68efca.pdf
  • 13. R. Senthilraja, V. Sivakumar, K. Thirugnanasambandham, N. Nedunchezhian, “Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a dual fuel engine with Diesel Ethanol e Cotton seed oil Methyl ester blends and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as fuel”, Energy, 112:899-907, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.114
  • 14. C. Zhang, A. Zhou, Y. Shen, Y. Li, Q. Shi, “Effects of combustion duration characteristic on the brake thermal efficiency and NOx emission of a turbocharged diesel engine fueled with diesel-LNG dual-fuel”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 127, 312-318, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.034
  • 15. J. You, Z. Liu, Z. Wang, D. Wang, Y. Xu, “Impact of natural gas injection strategies on combustion and emissions of a dual fuel natural gas engine ignited with diesel at low loads”, Fuel, 260:116414, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116414.
  • 16. A. Yousefi, H. Guob, M. Birouka, B. Likob, “On greenhouse gas emissions and thermal efficiency of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine at low load conditions: Coupled effect of injector rail pressure and split injection”, Applied Energy, 242: 216-231, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.093
  • 17. Z. Wang, G. Du, D. Wang, Y. Xu, M. Shao, “Combustion process decoupling of a diesel/natural gas dual-fuel engine at low loads”, Fuel, 232:550-561, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.152
  • 18. Wang, T., Zhang, X., Zhang, J. ve Hou, X. “Numerical analysis of the influence of the fuel injection timing and ignition position in a direct-injection natural gas engine”, Energy Conversion Management 149:748–759, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.03.004
  • 19. E. Distaso, R. Amirante, P. R. D. Tamburrano , “ Steady-state Characterization of Particle number Emissions from a Heavy-Duty Euro VI engine Fueled with Compressed Naturel Gas”, Energy Procedia, 148: 671-678, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.156
  • 20. O. Sezgin, “Bir dizel motorda CNG dönüşümü”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın, 2019.
  • 21. F. Zhang, H.F. Liu, J. Yu, M. Yao. “Direct numerical simulation of n-heptane/air auto-ignition with thermal and charge stratifications under partially-premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine related conditions”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 104(5):516-526, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.05.100
  • 22. V.E. Geo, G. Nagarajan, B. Nagalingam, “Studies on improving the performance of rubber seed oil fuel for diesel engine with DEE port injection”, Fuel, 89: 3559-3567, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.036
  • 23. K. Murat, E. Gökhan, H. Murat, “The effects of using diethylether as additive on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with CNG”, Fuel, 115: 855-860, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.062
  • 24. Oğuz, K. Demirci, C. Çınar, “HCCI-DI Bir Motorda Doğal Gaz Kullanımının Performans ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 7 (2):317-330, 2019. DOI: 10.29109/gujsc.521668
  • 25. A. Aktaş, O. Doğan, “Çift Yakıtlı Bir Dizel Motorda LPG Yüzdesinin Performans Ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisi”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 25 (1):171-178, 2010.
  • 26. B. Aydogan, “An experimental examination of the effects of n-hexane and nheptane fuel blends on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics in a HCCI engine”, Energy, 192,(1) 116600, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116600
  • 27. X. Lü, J. Ma, L. Ji, Z. Huang, “Performance of a diesel engine run on diesel and natural gas in dualfuel mode of operation”, Energy Procedia, 160, 215-222, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.139
  • 28. M. Yao, Z. Chen, Z. Zheng, B. Zhang, Y. Xing, “Study on the controlling strategies of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion with fuel of dimethyl ether and methanol”, Fuel, 85 2046-2056 2006.
  • 29. Di Blasio G, Belgiorno G, Beatrice C. Parametric analysis of compression ratio variation effects on thermodynamic, gaseous pollutant and particle emissions of a dual-fuel CH4-diesel light duty engine. SAE Tech Pap 2017;2017–March. https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0764.
  • 30. J.C. Corbin, W. Peng, J. Yang, D.E. Sommer, U. Trivanovic, P. Kirchen, J.W. Miller, S. Rogak, D.R. Cocker, G.J. Smallwood, P.L., Stephani, “Characterization of particulate matter emitted by a marine engine operated with liquefied natural gas and diesel fuels”, Atmospheric Environment, 220,(1), 117030, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117030
  • 31. W. Chen, J. Pan, Y. Liu, B. Fan, H.L. Peter, “Otchere Numerical investigation of direct injection stratified charge combustion in a natural gas-diesel rotary engine”, Applied Energy, 233–234, (1), 453-467, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.038
  • 32. İ. Sezer, “Dietil eter−motorin karışımlarının motor performansına etkilerinin deneysel incelenmesi”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1):117-124, 2012.
  • 33. R. Dhanasekaran, S. Ganesan, B. Rajesh Kumar, S. Saravanan, “Utilization of waste cooking oil in a light-duty DI diesel engine for cleaner emissions using bio-derived propanol”, Fuel, 235:832-837, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.093
  • 34. M.A. Asokan, S.S. Prabu, P.K.K. Bade, V.M. Nekkanti, S.S.G. Gutta, “Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of juliflora biodiesel fuelled DI diesel engine”, Energy, 173:883-893, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.075
  • 35. H. Huang, Z. Zhu, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, D.L. Jizhen, Z.T Ouyang, “Experimental and numerical study of multiple injection effects on combustion and emission characteristics of natural gas–diesel dual-fuel engine”, Energy Conversion and Management, 183, 84-96, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.110
  • 36. E. Ansari, T. Menucci, M. Shahbakhti, J. Naber, “Experimental investigation into effects of high reactive fuel on combustion and emission characteristics of the Diesel-Natural gas Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engine”, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.256
  • 37. A.A. Abdel-Rahman, “On The Emıssıons From Internal-Combustıon Engınes: A Review”, Internatıonal Journal Of Energy Research, 22 (6): 483-513, 1998.
  • 38. J. Dong, X. Gao, G. Li, X. Zhang, “Study on Diesel-LPG Dual-Fuel Engines”, SAE paper no: 2001-01-3679, 2001.
  • 39. J. Zheng, J. Wang, Z. Zhao, D. Wang, Z. Huang, “Effect of equivalence ratio on combustion and emissions of a dual-fuel natural gas engine ignited with diesel” Applied Thermal Engineering, 146, (5), 738-751, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.045

Effects of CNG addition in a diesel engine using diesel/n-heptane, diesel/toluene as pilot fuel

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 30.04.2020

Abstract

The production processes of diesel engines have been interrupted due to the emissions restrictions that exist in the world. Because diesel engines have been proven to pollute the environment more than other types of engines. Therefore, efforts to reduce the emissions of diesel engines have gained momentum. At the beginning of these studies is the use of alternative fuels. Of these alternative fuels, the most important commercially available fuels are gas fuels. In gas fuels, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas CNG have an important place. It is a known fact that there are some restrictions on the use of CNG in diesel engines. This study aimed to eliminate the negative effects of CNG, which is both an environmental and economical fuel, on the use of diesel engines. For this purpose, toluene and n-heptan were added to the diesel fuel used as pilot fuel by 2.5%, 5% and 10% by volume and given to each pilot fuel mixture from the CNG intake manifold equivalent to 20% and 40% of the liquid fuel consumed. Engine experiments with all fuel mixtures were repeated at 3000 rpm with 1 kW, 2 kW, 3 kW and 4 kW engine loads. With the addition of CNG to the N-heptan-doped pilot fuel, the brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature increased, while the toluene fuel mixture increased fuel consumption and the exhaust gas temperature decreased. In addition, increase in hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions along with CNG addition were found to decrease in azotoxits (NOx) and soot emissions. with the addition of CNG to n-heptan added fuel, it was observed that there was an improvement in all engine emission values. 

References

  • 1. M. Akçay, S. Özer, “Experimental investigation on performance and emission characteristics of a CI diesel engine fueled with fusel oil/diesel fuel blends”, Energy Sources, Part A:Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019, doi:10.1080/15567036.2019.1689317,
  • 2. M. Y. E. Selim, M. S. Radwan, H. E. Saleh, “Improving the performance of dual fuel engines running on natural gas/LPG by using pilot fuel derived from jojoba seeds”, Renewable Energy, 33 (6): 1173-1185, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.07.015
  • 3. G.S. Fritz, I.E. Ralph, “Emissions from heavy-duty trucks converted to compressed natural gas”, SAE Transactions Journal of Commercial Vehicles, 102 (2): 538-552, 1993.
  • 4. R.V. Basshuysen, “Natural gas and renewable methane for powertrains: Future strategies for a climate-neutral mobility”, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2016.
  • 5. Der Volkswagen Deutschland, “TGI Golf”, https://www.volkswagen.de/de/models/golf-tgi.html#vw_m246_m532_jump_id 2017, [Erişim Tarihi: 19/02/2020].
  • 6. Ö. Can, “Bir DI dizel motorda etanol ön karışımlı kısmi-HCCI uygulamasının yanma ve emisyonlar üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi”, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2012.
  • 7. H. Zhao, “HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry”, England: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 19-509, 2007.
  • 8. R.G. Papagiannakis, D.T. Hountalas, “Combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of a dual fuel compression ignition engine operated with pilot diesel fuel and natural gas”, Energy Conversion and Management, 45 (18-19):2971-2987, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2004.01.013
  • 9. V. Pirouzpanah, R.K. Saray, A. Sohrabi, A. Niaei, “Comparison of thermal and radical effects of EGR gases on combustion process in dual fuel engines at part loads”, Energy Conversion and Management, 48, 1909-1918, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.031
  • 10. A. Brozat, “Volkswagen Group expedites joint extension of gas mobility”, http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkswagen-media- services.com%2Fen%2Fdetailpage%2F-%2Fdetail%2FVolkswagen-Group-expeditesjoint-extension-of-gas-mobility%2Fview%2F4948078%2F&date=2017-12-21 2017, [Erişim Tarihi: 19/02/2020].
  • 11. M. Karabektas, G. Ergen, M. Hoşöz, “The effects of using diethylether as additive on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with CNG”, Fuel, 115, 855-860, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.062.
  • 12. R. Singh, S. Maji, “Performance and exhaust gas emissions analysis of direct ınjection CNG-diesel dual fuel engine”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 4(3): 837-838, 2012. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3f7f/f9bfc7590e351ae485ac6148aa360b68efca.pdf
  • 13. R. Senthilraja, V. Sivakumar, K. Thirugnanasambandham, N. Nedunchezhian, “Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a dual fuel engine with Diesel Ethanol e Cotton seed oil Methyl ester blends and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as fuel”, Energy, 112:899-907, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.114
  • 14. C. Zhang, A. Zhou, Y. Shen, Y. Li, Q. Shi, “Effects of combustion duration characteristic on the brake thermal efficiency and NOx emission of a turbocharged diesel engine fueled with diesel-LNG dual-fuel”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 127, 312-318, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.034
  • 15. J. You, Z. Liu, Z. Wang, D. Wang, Y. Xu, “Impact of natural gas injection strategies on combustion and emissions of a dual fuel natural gas engine ignited with diesel at low loads”, Fuel, 260:116414, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116414.
  • 16. A. Yousefi, H. Guob, M. Birouka, B. Likob, “On greenhouse gas emissions and thermal efficiency of natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine at low load conditions: Coupled effect of injector rail pressure and split injection”, Applied Energy, 242: 216-231, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.093
  • 17. Z. Wang, G. Du, D. Wang, Y. Xu, M. Shao, “Combustion process decoupling of a diesel/natural gas dual-fuel engine at low loads”, Fuel, 232:550-561, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.152
  • 18. Wang, T., Zhang, X., Zhang, J. ve Hou, X. “Numerical analysis of the influence of the fuel injection timing and ignition position in a direct-injection natural gas engine”, Energy Conversion Management 149:748–759, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.03.004
  • 19. E. Distaso, R. Amirante, P. R. D. Tamburrano , “ Steady-state Characterization of Particle number Emissions from a Heavy-Duty Euro VI engine Fueled with Compressed Naturel Gas”, Energy Procedia, 148: 671-678, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.156
  • 20. O. Sezgin, “Bir dizel motorda CNG dönüşümü”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın, 2019.
  • 21. F. Zhang, H.F. Liu, J. Yu, M. Yao. “Direct numerical simulation of n-heptane/air auto-ignition with thermal and charge stratifications under partially-premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine related conditions”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 104(5):516-526, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.05.100
  • 22. V.E. Geo, G. Nagarajan, B. Nagalingam, “Studies on improving the performance of rubber seed oil fuel for diesel engine with DEE port injection”, Fuel, 89: 3559-3567, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.036
  • 23. K. Murat, E. Gökhan, H. Murat, “The effects of using diethylether as additive on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with CNG”, Fuel, 115: 855-860, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.062
  • 24. Oğuz, K. Demirci, C. Çınar, “HCCI-DI Bir Motorda Doğal Gaz Kullanımının Performans ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 7 (2):317-330, 2019. DOI: 10.29109/gujsc.521668
  • 25. A. Aktaş, O. Doğan, “Çift Yakıtlı Bir Dizel Motorda LPG Yüzdesinin Performans Ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisi”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 25 (1):171-178, 2010.
  • 26. B. Aydogan, “An experimental examination of the effects of n-hexane and nheptane fuel blends on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics in a HCCI engine”, Energy, 192,(1) 116600, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116600
  • 27. X. Lü, J. Ma, L. Ji, Z. Huang, “Performance of a diesel engine run on diesel and natural gas in dualfuel mode of operation”, Energy Procedia, 160, 215-222, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.139
  • 28. M. Yao, Z. Chen, Z. Zheng, B. Zhang, Y. Xing, “Study on the controlling strategies of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion with fuel of dimethyl ether and methanol”, Fuel, 85 2046-2056 2006.
  • 29. Di Blasio G, Belgiorno G, Beatrice C. Parametric analysis of compression ratio variation effects on thermodynamic, gaseous pollutant and particle emissions of a dual-fuel CH4-diesel light duty engine. SAE Tech Pap 2017;2017–March. https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0764.
  • 30. J.C. Corbin, W. Peng, J. Yang, D.E. Sommer, U. Trivanovic, P. Kirchen, J.W. Miller, S. Rogak, D.R. Cocker, G.J. Smallwood, P.L., Stephani, “Characterization of particulate matter emitted by a marine engine operated with liquefied natural gas and diesel fuels”, Atmospheric Environment, 220,(1), 117030, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117030
  • 31. W. Chen, J. Pan, Y. Liu, B. Fan, H.L. Peter, “Otchere Numerical investigation of direct injection stratified charge combustion in a natural gas-diesel rotary engine”, Applied Energy, 233–234, (1), 453-467, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.038
  • 32. İ. Sezer, “Dietil eter−motorin karışımlarının motor performansına etkilerinin deneysel incelenmesi”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1):117-124, 2012.
  • 33. R. Dhanasekaran, S. Ganesan, B. Rajesh Kumar, S. Saravanan, “Utilization of waste cooking oil in a light-duty DI diesel engine for cleaner emissions using bio-derived propanol”, Fuel, 235:832-837, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.093
  • 34. M.A. Asokan, S.S. Prabu, P.K.K. Bade, V.M. Nekkanti, S.S.G. Gutta, “Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of juliflora biodiesel fuelled DI diesel engine”, Energy, 173:883-893, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.075
  • 35. H. Huang, Z. Zhu, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, D.L. Jizhen, Z.T Ouyang, “Experimental and numerical study of multiple injection effects on combustion and emission characteristics of natural gas–diesel dual-fuel engine”, Energy Conversion and Management, 183, 84-96, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.110
  • 36. E. Ansari, T. Menucci, M. Shahbakhti, J. Naber, “Experimental investigation into effects of high reactive fuel on combustion and emission characteristics of the Diesel-Natural gas Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engine”, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.256
  • 37. A.A. Abdel-Rahman, “On The Emıssıons From Internal-Combustıon Engınes: A Review”, Internatıonal Journal Of Energy Research, 22 (6): 483-513, 1998.
  • 38. J. Dong, X. Gao, G. Li, X. Zhang, “Study on Diesel-LPG Dual-Fuel Engines”, SAE paper no: 2001-01-3679, 2001.
  • 39. J. Zheng, J. Wang, Z. Zhao, D. Wang, Z. Huang, “Effect of equivalence ratio on combustion and emissions of a dual-fuel natural gas engine ignited with diesel” Applied Thermal Engineering, 146, (5), 738-751, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.045
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Salih Özer 0000-0002-6968-8734

Erdinç Vural 0000-0002-8018-2064

Publication Date April 30, 2020
Submission Date February 20, 2020
Acceptance Date April 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE S. Özer and E. Vural, “Pilot Yakıt Olarak Dizel/n-Heptan, Dizel/Toluen Kullanan Dizel Bir Motorda CNG İlavesinin Etkileri”, GJES, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2020.

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