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Yarı Kurak İklim Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Bazı Geç Çiçek Açan Badem (Amygladus communis L.) Çeşitleri ve Hibritlerinin Yaprak ve Stoma Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1139252

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Şanlıurfa/Türkiye'de Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi badem toplama parselinde melezleme sonucu elde edilen bazı yerli ve yabancı geç çiçek açan çeşitler ve bunların genotipleri üzerinde 2020 yılı yaz döneminde yapılmıştır. Bahçede çeşit ve 6 melez incelenmiştir. Çalışmada her çeşitten 3 ağaç ve her ağacın 2 yönünden 9’ar olmak üzere 198 yaprak alınmıştır. Yaprak örnekleri alınırken kuzey ve güney yönleri dikkate alınmıştır. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgulara gore yaprak özellikleri genel olarak incelendiğinde, çeşitler ve melezler arasında yaprak genişliği, yaprak uzunluğu, yaprak sapı uzunluğu ve yaprak alanı açısından en yüksek değerler 'Tip-7' melezlerinde bulunmuştur. Yaprakların alt yüzeyinde yapılan stoma analizi sonucunda en yüksek toplam ortalama (196.47 adetmm-²) Tip-3'te, en düşük (127.10 adet/mm²) ise 'Ferragnes' çeşidinde bulunmuştur. Analiz sonucunda tüm ortalama değerler dikkate alındığında yaprak alanı 16.74 cm², ortalama stoma yoğunluğu 153.51/mm² ve yaprak alanı 256975.74/yaprak stoma olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın aynı ekolojide yetiştirilen badem çeşitleri ve melezleri için tanımlayıcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yoğun olarak yetiştirilen ve geç çiçek açan badem çeşitleri ile bölgede gelecekte yetiştirilmesi olası bazı hibritlerinin bölgeye adaptasyonunun morfolojik özelliklere etkisini belirlemek amacıyla bu çalışma yürütülmüştür.

References

  • Anonymous (2022). Turkish State Meteorological Service. 2022. URL: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=SANLIURFA (10.03.2022)
  • Acar, I., Arpaci, S., Atli, H.S., Kafkas, S., Eti, S., Caglar, S. & Yilmaz, A. (2014). Self-fertile and late flowering almond variety breeding by crossbreeding. VI. National Horticultural Congress, 4-8 October 2011, Sanliurfa/Turkey, Vol:1, 42-48. (In Turkish)
  • Acar, I., Arpaci, S., Yilmaz, A., Atli, H.S., Kafkas, S., Eti, S. & Caglar, S. (2013). A new almond breeding program in Turkey. 13th EUCARPIA Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics, September 11-15, 2011, Warsaw, Poland. Acta Horticulturae, 976:63-68. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.976.4
  • Acar, I., Arpaci, S., Yilmaz, A., Atli, H.S., Kafkas, S., Eti, S. & Caglar, S. (2012). Self-fertile and late flowering almond breeding by crossbreeding. TUBITAK Project No. 108O388 Final Report. Gaziantep, Turkey (In Turkish)
  • Ahmad, P. & Prasad, M.N.V.(2012). Abiotic stress responses in plant. Springer, ed: Dordrecht Heidelberg London, 490p.
  • Ak, B.E., Sakar, E., Yesiloglu, H.M. & Ozturk, F.F. (2012). Almond cultivation. T.R. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmer Training Kit publication No: 2012/ 46, Ankara/Turkey, 56 p. (In Turkish)
  • Ak, B.E., Can, M., Dikmetas, B., Yaqubi, Q. & Hatipoglu, I.H. (2020). The importance of stomata for plants and studies on stomata of some fruit trees. December 2020, Conference: 9th International Scientific Research Congress, Full Text Book, p52-63.
  • Ashraf, M. & Arfan, M. (2005) Gas exchange characteristics and water relations in two cultivars of Hibiscus esculentus under waterlogging. Biol Plant 49:459–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-0029-2
  • Bekisli, M.I. (2014). Determination of leaf and stoma characteristics of some vine varieties and american vine rootstocks grown in Harran Plain conditions. Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 96p.
  • Brodribb, T.J.M., Carriquí, S., Delzon, S.A.M., McAdam, S. & Holbrook, N.M. (2020). Advanced vascular function discovered in a widespread moss. Nature Plants 6: 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0602-x
  • Boso, S., Gago, P., Alonso-Villaverde, V., Santiago, J.L. & Martinez, M.C. (2016) Density and size of stomata in the leaves of different hybrids of Vitis sp. Vitis. 55, 17-22. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2016.55.17-22
  • Caglar, S. & Tekin, H. (1999). Stoma densities of pistachio varieties grafted on different Pistacia rootstocks. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(5): 1029-1032.
  • Demirkaya U.S. (1999). Studies on stomata in some olive varieties cultivated in Sanliurfa region. Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 51s.
  • Dickison, W.C. (2000). Integrative plant anatomy. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 533s.
  • Dikmetas, B. (2017). The effect of different shading levels on yield, quality and stoma traits in some table grape varieties. Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 57p.
  • Escalona, J.M., Fuentes, S., Tomás, M., Martorell, S., Flexas, J. & Medrano, H. (2013). Responses of leaf night transpiration to drought stress in Vitis vinifera L. Agricultural Water Management. 118, 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.018
  • Fischer, U. & Polle, A. (2010). Populus responses to abiotic stress. In: Jansson S et al (eds) Plant genetics and genomics: crops and models. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, pp 225–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1541-2_11
  • Franco, J.A., Martínez-Sánchez, J.J., Fernández, J.A. & Bañón, S. (2006). Selection and nursery production of ornamental plants for landscaping and xerogardening in semiarid environments. J Hort Sci Biotechnol, 81:3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2006.11512022
  • Giday, H.Kjaer, K.H., Fanourakis, D. & Ottosen, C.O. (2013). Smaller stomata require less severe leaf drying to close: a case study in Rosa hybrida. Journal of Plant Physiology. 170(15), 1309-1316. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2013.04.007
  • Guler, E., Bak, T., Karadeniz, T. & Muradoglu,F,. (2021). Relationships of fruit characteristics of rosehips (Rosa canina L.) grown in Bolu city center. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11(2): 831-838. https://doi.org/ 10.21597/jist.824742
  • Hopper, D.W., Ghan, R. & Cramer, G.R. (2014). A rapid dehydration leaf assay reveals stomata response differences in grapevine genotypes. Horticulture Research. 1, 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2014.2
  • Kaya, C., Ak, B.E. & Higgs, D. (2003). Response of salt- stressed strawberry plants to supplementary calcium nitrate and/or potassium nitrate. Journal of Plant Nutrition. Vol. 26, No. 3, s. 543–560.
  • Kocacaliskan, I. (2008). Plant physiology. Nobel Publications, Ankara, 316p. (In Turkish)
  • Kotobuki, K. (1996). Cultivation and evaluation of fruit tree PGR. Technical Assistance Activities for Genetic Resource Projects. Japan International Cooperation Agency. ADL-JR-96-21, No. 31. 84-101.
  • Kuden,, A.B., Kuden, A., Bayazit, S., Comlekcioglu, S., Imrak, B. & Rehber-Dikkaya, Y. (2014). Almond cultivation. TAGEM Project, No: 5231 (In Turkish)
  • Liao, C.T. & Lin, C.H. (1994) Effect of flooding stress on photosynthetic activities of Momordica charantia. Plant PhysiolBiochem, 32:1–5
  • Lin, P., Chen, Y., Ponce, G., Acevedo, F.E., Lynch, J.P., Anderson, C.T., Ali, G.J. & Felton, G.W. (2021). Stomata-mediated interactions between plants, herbivores, and the environment. Trends in Plant Science, 2191, 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.017
  • Martinez-Gomez, P., Arulsekar, S., Potter, D. & Gradziel, T.M. (2003). An extended interspecific gene pool available to peach and almond breeding characterized using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Euphytica, 131: 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024028518263
  • McAdam, S.A.M., Duckett, J.G., Sussmilch, F.C., Pressel, S., Renzaglia, K.S., Hedrich, R., Brodribb, T.J.& Merced, A. (2021). Stomata: the holey grail of plant evolution. American Journal of Botany 108(3):366–371. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1619
  • Odabasioglu, M.I. & Gursoz, S. (2019). Leaf and stomata characteristics of grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated under semi-arid climate conditions. Fresenius Enviromental Bulletin, 28 (11), 8501-8510.
  • Oraguzie, N.C., McNeil, D.L. & Thomas, M.B. (1998). Examination of graft failure in New Zealand chestnut (Castanea spp.) selections. Scientia Horticulturae, 76: 89-113.
  • Pinto, A.C.O., Pereira, M.E.C. & Lves, R.E. (2004). Functioning and role of stomata in mango leaves. Acta Horticulture, (645):441-446.
  • Rood, S.B., Patino, S., Coombs, K. & Tyree, M.T. (2000) Branch sacrifice: cavitation-associated drought adaptation of riparian cottonwoods. Trees, 14:248–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004680050010
  • Rosselli, G., Benelli, G.& Morelli, D. (1989). Relationship between stomata density and winter hardiness in olive (Olea europaea L.). J. Hort. Sci., 64 (2): 199-203.
  • Sanchez, F.J., Andres, E.F., Tenorio, J.L. & Ayerbe, L. (2004). Growth of epicotyls, turgor maintenance and osmotic adjustment in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) subjected to water stres. Field Crops Research, 86: 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00121-7
  • Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Kapucu, O., Aricak, B.& Canturk, U. (2017) Effects of light on morphologic and stomata characteristics of Turkish fir needles. Fresenius Enviromental Bulletin, 26, 6579-6587.

Determination of Leaf and Stomata Characteristics of Some Late Blooming Almond (Amygladus communis L.) Cultivars and Their Hybrids Grown in Semi-arid Climate Conditions

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1139252

Abstract

This study was carried out on some domestic and foreign late blooming varieties and their genotypes obtained as a result of hybridization in the almond collection parcel of Harran University Faculty of Agriculture in Sanliurfa/Turkiye in the summer period of 2020. In the research, 5 different cultivars and 6 hybrids were examined in the orchard. In the study, 198 leaves were taken from 3 trees of each variety and 9 of each tree from 2 directions. It was planned and carried out according to the split plots experimental design in random blocks. North and South directions were taken into account when taking leaf samples. According to the findings, when the leaf characteristics were examined in general, the highest values in terms of leaf width, leaf length, petiole length and leaf area were found in ‘Genotype-7’ hybrids among cultivars and hybrids. As a result of stoma analysis on the lower surface of the leaves, the highest overall average (196.47 units mm-²) was determined in Genotype-3, while the lowest (127.10 units/mm²) was found in ‘Ferragnes’ variety. As a result of the analysis, when all the average values were taken into account, it was determined that the leaf area was 16.74 cm², the average stomata density was 153.51/mm² and the leaf area was 256975.74/leaf stomata. It is thought that the study will be descriptive for almond varieties and hybrids grown in the same ecology. This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of the adaptation of the almond varieties that are intensively grown in the Southeastern Anatolia Region and that bloom late, and some hybrids that are likely to be grown in the region in the future, on the morphological characteristics.

References

  • Anonymous (2022). Turkish State Meteorological Service. 2022. URL: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=SANLIURFA (10.03.2022)
  • Acar, I., Arpaci, S., Atli, H.S., Kafkas, S., Eti, S., Caglar, S. & Yilmaz, A. (2014). Self-fertile and late flowering almond variety breeding by crossbreeding. VI. National Horticultural Congress, 4-8 October 2011, Sanliurfa/Turkey, Vol:1, 42-48. (In Turkish)
  • Acar, I., Arpaci, S., Yilmaz, A., Atli, H.S., Kafkas, S., Eti, S. & Caglar, S. (2013). A new almond breeding program in Turkey. 13th EUCARPIA Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics, September 11-15, 2011, Warsaw, Poland. Acta Horticulturae, 976:63-68. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.976.4
  • Acar, I., Arpaci, S., Yilmaz, A., Atli, H.S., Kafkas, S., Eti, S. & Caglar, S. (2012). Self-fertile and late flowering almond breeding by crossbreeding. TUBITAK Project No. 108O388 Final Report. Gaziantep, Turkey (In Turkish)
  • Ahmad, P. & Prasad, M.N.V.(2012). Abiotic stress responses in plant. Springer, ed: Dordrecht Heidelberg London, 490p.
  • Ak, B.E., Sakar, E., Yesiloglu, H.M. & Ozturk, F.F. (2012). Almond cultivation. T.R. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmer Training Kit publication No: 2012/ 46, Ankara/Turkey, 56 p. (In Turkish)
  • Ak, B.E., Can, M., Dikmetas, B., Yaqubi, Q. & Hatipoglu, I.H. (2020). The importance of stomata for plants and studies on stomata of some fruit trees. December 2020, Conference: 9th International Scientific Research Congress, Full Text Book, p52-63.
  • Ashraf, M. & Arfan, M. (2005) Gas exchange characteristics and water relations in two cultivars of Hibiscus esculentus under waterlogging. Biol Plant 49:459–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-0029-2
  • Bekisli, M.I. (2014). Determination of leaf and stoma characteristics of some vine varieties and american vine rootstocks grown in Harran Plain conditions. Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 96p.
  • Brodribb, T.J.M., Carriquí, S., Delzon, S.A.M., McAdam, S. & Holbrook, N.M. (2020). Advanced vascular function discovered in a widespread moss. Nature Plants 6: 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0602-x
  • Boso, S., Gago, P., Alonso-Villaverde, V., Santiago, J.L. & Martinez, M.C. (2016) Density and size of stomata in the leaves of different hybrids of Vitis sp. Vitis. 55, 17-22. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2016.55.17-22
  • Caglar, S. & Tekin, H. (1999). Stoma densities of pistachio varieties grafted on different Pistacia rootstocks. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(5): 1029-1032.
  • Demirkaya U.S. (1999). Studies on stomata in some olive varieties cultivated in Sanliurfa region. Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 51s.
  • Dickison, W.C. (2000). Integrative plant anatomy. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 533s.
  • Dikmetas, B. (2017). The effect of different shading levels on yield, quality and stoma traits in some table grape varieties. Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, 57p.
  • Escalona, J.M., Fuentes, S., Tomás, M., Martorell, S., Flexas, J. & Medrano, H. (2013). Responses of leaf night transpiration to drought stress in Vitis vinifera L. Agricultural Water Management. 118, 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.018
  • Fischer, U. & Polle, A. (2010). Populus responses to abiotic stress. In: Jansson S et al (eds) Plant genetics and genomics: crops and models. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, pp 225–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1541-2_11
  • Franco, J.A., Martínez-Sánchez, J.J., Fernández, J.A. & Bañón, S. (2006). Selection and nursery production of ornamental plants for landscaping and xerogardening in semiarid environments. J Hort Sci Biotechnol, 81:3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2006.11512022
  • Giday, H.Kjaer, K.H., Fanourakis, D. & Ottosen, C.O. (2013). Smaller stomata require less severe leaf drying to close: a case study in Rosa hybrida. Journal of Plant Physiology. 170(15), 1309-1316. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2013.04.007
  • Guler, E., Bak, T., Karadeniz, T. & Muradoglu,F,. (2021). Relationships of fruit characteristics of rosehips (Rosa canina L.) grown in Bolu city center. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11(2): 831-838. https://doi.org/ 10.21597/jist.824742
  • Hopper, D.W., Ghan, R. & Cramer, G.R. (2014). A rapid dehydration leaf assay reveals stomata response differences in grapevine genotypes. Horticulture Research. 1, 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2014.2
  • Kaya, C., Ak, B.E. & Higgs, D. (2003). Response of salt- stressed strawberry plants to supplementary calcium nitrate and/or potassium nitrate. Journal of Plant Nutrition. Vol. 26, No. 3, s. 543–560.
  • Kocacaliskan, I. (2008). Plant physiology. Nobel Publications, Ankara, 316p. (In Turkish)
  • Kotobuki, K. (1996). Cultivation and evaluation of fruit tree PGR. Technical Assistance Activities for Genetic Resource Projects. Japan International Cooperation Agency. ADL-JR-96-21, No. 31. 84-101.
  • Kuden,, A.B., Kuden, A., Bayazit, S., Comlekcioglu, S., Imrak, B. & Rehber-Dikkaya, Y. (2014). Almond cultivation. TAGEM Project, No: 5231 (In Turkish)
  • Liao, C.T. & Lin, C.H. (1994) Effect of flooding stress on photosynthetic activities of Momordica charantia. Plant PhysiolBiochem, 32:1–5
  • Lin, P., Chen, Y., Ponce, G., Acevedo, F.E., Lynch, J.P., Anderson, C.T., Ali, G.J. & Felton, G.W. (2021). Stomata-mediated interactions between plants, herbivores, and the environment. Trends in Plant Science, 2191, 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.017
  • Martinez-Gomez, P., Arulsekar, S., Potter, D. & Gradziel, T.M. (2003). An extended interspecific gene pool available to peach and almond breeding characterized using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Euphytica, 131: 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024028518263
  • McAdam, S.A.M., Duckett, J.G., Sussmilch, F.C., Pressel, S., Renzaglia, K.S., Hedrich, R., Brodribb, T.J.& Merced, A. (2021). Stomata: the holey grail of plant evolution. American Journal of Botany 108(3):366–371. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1619
  • Odabasioglu, M.I. & Gursoz, S. (2019). Leaf and stomata characteristics of grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated under semi-arid climate conditions. Fresenius Enviromental Bulletin, 28 (11), 8501-8510.
  • Oraguzie, N.C., McNeil, D.L. & Thomas, M.B. (1998). Examination of graft failure in New Zealand chestnut (Castanea spp.) selections. Scientia Horticulturae, 76: 89-113.
  • Pinto, A.C.O., Pereira, M.E.C. & Lves, R.E. (2004). Functioning and role of stomata in mango leaves. Acta Horticulture, (645):441-446.
  • Rood, S.B., Patino, S., Coombs, K. & Tyree, M.T. (2000) Branch sacrifice: cavitation-associated drought adaptation of riparian cottonwoods. Trees, 14:248–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004680050010
  • Rosselli, G., Benelli, G.& Morelli, D. (1989). Relationship between stomata density and winter hardiness in olive (Olea europaea L.). J. Hort. Sci., 64 (2): 199-203.
  • Sanchez, F.J., Andres, E.F., Tenorio, J.L. & Ayerbe, L. (2004). Growth of epicotyls, turgor maintenance and osmotic adjustment in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) subjected to water stres. Field Crops Research, 86: 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00121-7
  • Sevik, H., Cetin, M., Kapucu, O., Aricak, B.& Canturk, U. (2017) Effects of light on morphologic and stomata characteristics of Turkish fir needles. Fresenius Enviromental Bulletin, 26, 6579-6587.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Botany, Horticultural Production
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Bekir Erol Ak 0000-0001-6938-942X

Mesut Can 0000-0002-6017-2387

İzzet Açar 0000-0003-3421-8481

Ibrahim Halil Hatipoglu 0000-0002-7236-4976

Birgül Dikmetaş 0000-0003-3618-3307

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 40 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ak, B. E., Can, M., Açar, İ., Hatipoglu, I. H., et al. (2023). Determination of Leaf and Stomata Characteristics of Some Late Blooming Almond (Amygladus communis L.) Cultivars and Their Hybrids Grown in Semi-arid Climate Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 40(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1139252