Abstract
Harran ovasında 50 bin hektardan fazla bir alana serbest akışlı denetimsiz, yüzeyaltı drenaj sistemleri döşenmiştir. Oysa son zamanlarda yüzeyaltı horizontal drenaj sistemlerinde su tablası denetimi ile aşırı su kaybını önlemek için dünyanın her tarafında kontrollü drenaj sistemleri inşa edilmektedir. Su tablası denetimi sulama suyu tasarrufu için büyük bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Bu uygulama ile toplayıcı dren çıkışlarına yükselticiler monte edilerek su tablası düzeyi yükseltilmektedir. Böylece, bitkiler taban suyundan beslendikleri için, hem sulama suyu ihtiyacı, hem de drenaj suyu miktarı azalmaktadır. Böylece, küresel ısınmanın giderek sorun olduğu günümüzde su tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. Ancak, yüksek su tablası toprakların tuzlanmasına neden olma riski taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma ile ovadaki mevcut drenaj sistemlerinde biri serbest akışlı, ikisi denetimli üç toplayıcı drenin (kollektör) etki alanları izlenmiştir. İzleme çalışmalarında sulamalardan sonra taban suyu düzeylerinin zamansal değişimleri ve etki alanlarındaki tuzluluk değerleri belirlenmiştir.
References
- Ayars, J.E.; Christen, E.W., Hornbuckle, J.W., 2006. Controlled Drainage for Improved Water Management in Arid Regions Irrigated Agriculture. Agricultural Water Management, 86(1-2): 128-139.
- Bahçeci, İ., Nacar, A.S., 2005. Harran Ovasında Kurulacak Yüzeyaltı Drenaj Sistemlerinin Tasarımlama Ölçütleri. IV. GAP Tarım Kongresi, 21-23 Eylül, 1120-1128s. Şanlıurfa.
- Dayem, A.D., Ritzema, H.P., 1990. Verification of Drainage Design Criteria in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 4(2): 117-131.
- Evans, R., Gilliam, J.W., Skaggs, W., 1996. Controlled Drainage Management Guidelines for Improving Drainage Water Quality. Published by: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Publication Number: AG 443, Last Electronic Revision: June 1996 (KNS).
- Fouss, J.L., Skaggs, R.W., Fausey, N.R., Pıtts, D.J., 2002. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Implementing Controlled Drainage Technology to Reduce Nitrate Losses in Drainage Water. Drainage VIII, Proceedings of the 8th International Drainage Symposium, 21–24 March, 14–16p. Sacramento, CA, U.S.A.
- Grimes, D.W., Henderson, D.W., 1984. Developing There Source Potential of a Shallow Ground Water. California Water Resources Bulletin, University of California, Contribution No: 188, Davis, 39p.
- Hess, T., 2000. WaSim Tutorial Manual. HR Wallingford, UK.
- Hess, T., Leeds-Harrison, P.B., Counsell, C., 2000. WaSim Technical Manual. HR Wallingford, UK.
- Hutmacher, R.B., Ayars, J.E., Vail, S.S., Bravo, A.D., Dettinger, D., Schoneman R.A., 1996. Uptake of Shallow Ground Water by Cotton: Growthstage, Ground Water Salinity Effects in Column Lysimeters. Agricultural Water Management, 31(3): 205-223.
- Madramootoo C.A., Wiyo, K.A., Enright, P., 1992. Nutrient Losses Through Tile Drains From Patato Fields. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 8(5): 639-646.
- Namken, L.N., Weigand, C.L., Brown, R.O., 1969. Water Use by Cotton From Low and Moderately Saline Static Watertables. Agronomy Journal, 61(2): 305-310.
- Oosterbaan, R.J., Abu Senna, M., 1990. Using Saltmod to Predict Drainage for Salinity Control. Towards Integration of Irrigation and Drainage Management. Proceedings of the Jubile Symposium at the Occasion of the 40th Anniversary of ILRI, 43-49p. Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Ramoska, E., Bastiene, N., Saulys, V., 2009. Evaluation of Controlled Drainage Efficiency in Lithuania. Irrigation and Drainage, 60(2): 196-206.
- Vincent, B., Vlotman, W.F., Zimmer, D., 2001. Performance Assessment and Potetial İndicators for Drainage Systems. ICID-CIID Working Group On Drainage, Washington DC., pp: 60.
The Effect of Controlled and Uncontrolled Drainage Management on the Water-Table Hydrographs in Harran Plain
Abstract
In Harran Plain more than 50 000 ha of agricultural land are covered by subsurface drainage systems. These systems have positive impacts in controlling water logging and soil salinity, but need to be managed properly. This provides a large opportunity for more irrigation water saving by proper management of these existing systems. In recent years, controlled drainages have been constructed in the irrigated areas to prevent excessive water losses in horizontal drainage systems in the world. With this application, the flows of drains are being monitored, water losses as drainage water are reduced with by mounting raising bed the outlet of collectors. The need for plants for irrigation water is decreased when they benefit from ground water. With this study, drainage systems were monitored by mounting control and measurement structures to outlets of the collectors. The impacts of different drainage systems on Stalinization and watertable depth in the Harran plain were determined. Controlled drainage systems and free flow systems were compared in terms the change of water table depth.
References
- Ayars, J.E.; Christen, E.W., Hornbuckle, J.W., 2006. Controlled Drainage for Improved Water Management in Arid Regions Irrigated Agriculture. Agricultural Water Management, 86(1-2): 128-139.
- Bahçeci, İ., Nacar, A.S., 2005. Harran Ovasında Kurulacak Yüzeyaltı Drenaj Sistemlerinin Tasarımlama Ölçütleri. IV. GAP Tarım Kongresi, 21-23 Eylül, 1120-1128s. Şanlıurfa.
- Dayem, A.D., Ritzema, H.P., 1990. Verification of Drainage Design Criteria in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 4(2): 117-131.
- Evans, R., Gilliam, J.W., Skaggs, W., 1996. Controlled Drainage Management Guidelines for Improving Drainage Water Quality. Published by: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Publication Number: AG 443, Last Electronic Revision: June 1996 (KNS).
- Fouss, J.L., Skaggs, R.W., Fausey, N.R., Pıtts, D.J., 2002. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Implementing Controlled Drainage Technology to Reduce Nitrate Losses in Drainage Water. Drainage VIII, Proceedings of the 8th International Drainage Symposium, 21–24 March, 14–16p. Sacramento, CA, U.S.A.
- Grimes, D.W., Henderson, D.W., 1984. Developing There Source Potential of a Shallow Ground Water. California Water Resources Bulletin, University of California, Contribution No: 188, Davis, 39p.
- Hess, T., 2000. WaSim Tutorial Manual. HR Wallingford, UK.
- Hess, T., Leeds-Harrison, P.B., Counsell, C., 2000. WaSim Technical Manual. HR Wallingford, UK.
- Hutmacher, R.B., Ayars, J.E., Vail, S.S., Bravo, A.D., Dettinger, D., Schoneman R.A., 1996. Uptake of Shallow Ground Water by Cotton: Growthstage, Ground Water Salinity Effects in Column Lysimeters. Agricultural Water Management, 31(3): 205-223.
- Madramootoo C.A., Wiyo, K.A., Enright, P., 1992. Nutrient Losses Through Tile Drains From Patato Fields. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 8(5): 639-646.
- Namken, L.N., Weigand, C.L., Brown, R.O., 1969. Water Use by Cotton From Low and Moderately Saline Static Watertables. Agronomy Journal, 61(2): 305-310.
- Oosterbaan, R.J., Abu Senna, M., 1990. Using Saltmod to Predict Drainage for Salinity Control. Towards Integration of Irrigation and Drainage Management. Proceedings of the Jubile Symposium at the Occasion of the 40th Anniversary of ILRI, 43-49p. Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Ramoska, E., Bastiene, N., Saulys, V., 2009. Evaluation of Controlled Drainage Efficiency in Lithuania. Irrigation and Drainage, 60(2): 196-206.
- Vincent, B., Vlotman, W.F., Zimmer, D., 2001. Performance Assessment and Potetial İndicators for Drainage Systems. ICID-CIID Working Group On Drainage, Washington DC., pp: 60.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Food Engineering |
| Journal Section | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 20, 2016 |
| Submission Date | April 18, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 Volume: 20 Issue: 1 |
Indexing and Abstracting