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Can Topical Nasal Steroid Prevent the Loss of Smell in COVID-19?

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 42 - 48, 30.08.2021

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of nasal steroid use on the loss of smell in patients diagnosed with Covid-19.

Material and Method: 211 patients diagnosed with Covid-19 with positive PCR tests between April 2020 and December 2020 and followed up and treated in the Elazig City Hospital Pandemic Clinic were included in this cross-sectional study. The demographic data, comorbidities and drug use histories of the patients were interviewed face-to-face and recorded.

Findings: The average age of the patients was 53.55 ± 17.81 (129 men, 82 women). Regarding the age, gender and comorbidities of the patients, there was no difference between the groups with and without loss of smell in terms of average age and gender. Anosmia developed in 50 patients (23.5%) and hyposmia developed in 84 patients (40%). No decrease or loss of sense of smell was observed in 77 patients. 26 of these patients were using nasal steroids at the time of diagnosis, and none of them had a decrease or loss in sense of smell.

Results: With the results of the study, it has presented for the first time to the literature that the use of nasal steroids can prevent the loss of smell, which is one of the common neurological symptoms in Covid-19. The results of our study suggest that the nasal steroid, which plays an immunomodulatory role, can be a shield against loss of smell by creating a local anti-inflammatory effect in the nasal mucosa and around the olfactory nerve.

Project Number

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References

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  • 2. Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, Gao H, Guo F, Guan B, et al. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury. Nat Med. 2005. doi:10.1038/nm1267.
  • 3. Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B beta coronaviruses. Nat Microbiol. 2020. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y.
  • 4. Chiappelli F. putative Natural History of CoViD-19. Bioinformation. 2020. doi: 10.6026/97320630016398.
  • 5. Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, Hong C, et al. Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Study. SSRN Electron J. 2020. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3544840.
  • 6. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMpRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically proven protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052.
  • 7. Abiodun OA, Ola MS. Role of brain renin angiotensin system in neurodegeneration: An update. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.026.
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  • 10. Dubé M, Le Coupanec A, Wong AHM, Rini JM, Desforges M, Talbot pJ. Axonal Transport Enables Neuron-to-Neuron propagation of Human Coronavirus OC43. J Virol. 2018. doi:10.1128/jvi.00404-18. 

  • 11. 11.Nogués MA, Benarroch E. Respiratory control disorders and respiratory motor unit. Neurol Argentina. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.neuarg. 2011.05.006. 

  • 12. Yan CH, Faraji F, prajapati Dp, Boone CE, DeConde AS. Association of chemosensory dysfunction and Covid-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020. doi:10.1002/alr.22579.
  • 13. Menni C, Valdes A, Freydin MB, Ganesh S, Moustafa JSES, Visconti A, et al. Loss of smell and taste in combination with other symptoms is a strong predictor of COVID-19 infection. medRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020. 04.05.20048421.
  • 14. Doty RL. The olfactory vector hypothesis of neurodegenerative disease: is it viable? Ann Neurol. 2008 Jan;63(1):7-15. doi: 10.1002/ana.21327. PMID: 18232016.
  • 15. Li K, Wohlford-Lenane C, Perlman S, Zhao J, Jewell AK, Reznikov LR, et al. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4. J Infect Dis. 2015. doi:10.1093/ infdis/jiv499.
  • 16. Moein ST, Hashemian SM, Mansourafshar B, Khorram-Tousi A, Tabarsi P, Doty RL. Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020 Aug;10(8):944-950. doi: 10.1002/alr.22587. Epub 2020 Jun 18. PMID: 32301284; PMCID: PMC7262123.
Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 42 - 48, 30.08.2021

Abstract

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

-

References

  • 1. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhanh J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA- J Am Med Assoc. 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585.
  • 2. Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, Gao H, Guo F, Guan B, et al. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury. Nat Med. 2005. doi:10.1038/nm1267.
  • 3. Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B beta coronaviruses. Nat Microbiol. 2020. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y.
  • 4. Chiappelli F. putative Natural History of CoViD-19. Bioinformation. 2020. doi: 10.6026/97320630016398.
  • 5. Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, Hong C, et al. Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Study. SSRN Electron J. 2020. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3544840.
  • 6. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMpRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically proven protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052.
  • 7. Abiodun OA, Ola MS. Role of brain renin angiotensin system in neurodegeneration: An update. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.026.
  • 8. 8.Netter FH, Craig JA, perkins J. Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology. Netter Collect Med Illus. 2002. doi: 10.1093/brain/awf218.
  • 9. Netland J, Meyerholz DK, Moore S, Cassell M, perlman S. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Causes Neuronal Death in the Absence of Encephalitis in Mice Transgenic for Human ACE2. J Virol. 2008. doi:10.1128/jvi.00737-08. 

  • 10. Dubé M, Le Coupanec A, Wong AHM, Rini JM, Desforges M, Talbot pJ. Axonal Transport Enables Neuron-to-Neuron propagation of Human Coronavirus OC43. J Virol. 2018. doi:10.1128/jvi.00404-18. 

  • 11. 11.Nogués MA, Benarroch E. Respiratory control disorders and respiratory motor unit. Neurol Argentina. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.neuarg. 2011.05.006. 

  • 12. Yan CH, Faraji F, prajapati Dp, Boone CE, DeConde AS. Association of chemosensory dysfunction and Covid-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020. doi:10.1002/alr.22579.
  • 13. Menni C, Valdes A, Freydin MB, Ganesh S, Moustafa JSES, Visconti A, et al. Loss of smell and taste in combination with other symptoms is a strong predictor of COVID-19 infection. medRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020. 04.05.20048421.
  • 14. Doty RL. The olfactory vector hypothesis of neurodegenerative disease: is it viable? Ann Neurol. 2008 Jan;63(1):7-15. doi: 10.1002/ana.21327. PMID: 18232016.
  • 15. Li K, Wohlford-Lenane C, Perlman S, Zhao J, Jewell AK, Reznikov LR, et al. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4. J Infect Dis. 2015. doi:10.1093/ infdis/jiv499.
  • 16. Moein ST, Hashemian SM, Mansourafshar B, Khorram-Tousi A, Tabarsi P, Doty RL. Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020 Aug;10(8):944-950. doi: 10.1002/alr.22587. Epub 2020 Jun 18. PMID: 32301284; PMCID: PMC7262123.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Timurkaan 0000-0003-1950-0489

Yavuz Sultan Selim Yıldırım 0000-0001-9618-8615

Project Number -
Publication Date August 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Timurkaan, M., & Yıldırım, Y. S. S. (2021). Can Topical Nasal Steroid Prevent the Loss of Smell in COVID-19?. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Health Sciences, 7(2), 42-48.

International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Health Sciences