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Synergic Potential of Geranium Essential Oil and Ciprofloxacin Combination Against on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

Year 2021, Issue: 15, 606 - 615, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1036988

Abstract

Aim: The main purpose of our study is that Geranium essential oil obtained from Pelargonium graveolens plant is combined with ciprofloxacin, a quinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of infections, to reveal its antimicrobial effects against pathogenic microorganisms, which are common nosocomial infections, in an in vitro experimental model.
Methods: Antimicrobial activity of combinations of P. graveolens essential oil with antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was determined by the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) detection method. The bactericidal effects of geranium oils and antibiotics were dynamically demonstrated by the time-dependent killing method of the samples. When geranium oil is used alone or in combination with ciprofloxacin, bacterial outer membrane damage was analyzed by U.V spectrophotometer at 625 nm wavelength.
Results A synergistic effect was observed between essential oil and essential oil+antibiotic combinations. Geranium+ciprofloxacin combination showed ∼87% and ∼78% reduction in E. coli and S. aureus proliferation, respectively. In the time-dependent determination of bacterial cell count, at 24 hours, the combination of ciprofloxacin + geranium was found to reduce the number of living cells, while the use of geranium and ciprofloxacin alone did not show complete destruction of cells compared to the combination. For E. coli and S. aureus, higher bactericidal membrane damage was observed in the groups where ciprofloxacin was used together with geranium oil than the other groups.
Conclusion: In this study, the antimicrobial effect of geranium oil, ciprofloxacin, and its combination were compared. Accordingly, the combination of ciprofloxacin + geranium oil was found to be more effective than both geranium oil and ciprofloxacin.

References

  • Kanra G, Ceyhan M, Kara A. Menenjit III: Tedavi. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2003;46:217-223.
  • Ayaz C. Antibiyotik Kombinasyonları, Klimik Dergisi. 2001;14(3):140-143.
  • Pereira V, Dias C, Vasconcelos MC, Rosa E, Saavedraa MJ. Antibacterial activity and synergistic effects between Eucalyptus globulus leaf residues (essential oils and extracts) and antibiotics against several isolates of respiratory tractinfections (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Industrial Crops and Products. 2014;52:1-7.
  • Yap PSX, Lim SHE, Hu CP, Yiap BC. Combination of essential oils and antibiotics reduce antibiotic resistance in plasmid-conferred multidrug resistant bacteria, Phytomedicine. 2013:20;710-713.
  • Dumlupinar B, et al. Synergic potential of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. Essential oil and antibiotic combinations against Klebsiella pneumoniae. South African Journal of Botany. 2020:135;117-126.
  • Dumlupinar B, et al. Synergy between Pelargonium endlicherianum essential oil and conventional antibiotics against Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae. South African Journal of Botany. 2022:146;243-253.
  • Yap PSX, Krishnan T, Chan KG, Lim SHE. Antibacterial mode of action of cinnamomum verum bark essential oil, alone and in combination with piperacillin, against a multi- drug-resistant escherichia coli strain, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2015;25(8):1299–1306.
  • Davis PH, Hedge IC. Pelargonium L’Hérit In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: University Press; 1967:2;487-9.
  • Ceyhan M, Yildirim I, Balmer P, et al. A prospective study of etiology of childhood acute bacterial meningitis. Emerging Infectious Disease, 2008;14(7):089-1096.
  • Techasaensiri C, Messina AF, Katz K, Ahmad N, Huang R, McCracken GH Jr. Epidemiology and evolution of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by multidrug resistant serotypes of 19A in the 8 years after implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization in Dallas, Texas. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2010;29(4):294-300.
  • Özsürekci Y. Türkiye’de Menenjite Neden Olan Bakteriyel Ajanlar ve Meningokokal Serogrupların Seroprevalansı. [yan dal uzmanlık tezi]. Ankara: Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi; 2013.
  • Lis-Balchin M. Geranium oil. International Journal of Aromatherapy. 1996;7:18-20
  • Lis-Balchin M. Geranium and Pelargonium. UK, London: Taylor & Franchis Group; 2002;116:1-3.
  • Abouelatta AM, Keratum AY, Ahmed SI. et al. Repellent, contact and fumigant activities of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.’Hér) essential oils against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Int J Trop Insect Sci. 2020:40;1021–1030 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00161-4.
  • Verma Ram S, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) essential oil extracted by different methods. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2020:449-455.
  • Lira, Maria Helena Pereira de, et al. Antimicrobial activity of geraniol: An integrative review. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2020:187-197.
  • Borges A, Ferreira C, Saavedra MJ, Simoes M. Antibacterial activity and mode of action of ferulic and gallic acids against pathogenic bacteria. Microbial Drug Resistance. 2013:19;256-265.
  • Vaara M. Agents that increase the permeability of the outer membrane. Microbiology Reviews. 1992:56;395-411.
  • Luqman S, Dwivedi GR, Darokar MP, Kalra A, Khanuja SP. Potential of rosemary oil to be used in drug-resistant infections. Altern Ther Health Med. 2007;13(5):54-9.
  • Su JY, Zhu L, Tian YJ. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Matricaria songarica. International Journal of Agricultural Biology. 2012;14(1):107-10.
  • Hemaiswarya S, Doble M. Synergistic interaction of eugenol with antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(11):997-1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.006.
  • Gibbons S, Oluwatuyi M, Veitch NC, Gray AI. Bacterial resistance modifying agents from Lycopus europaeus. Phytochemistry. 2003;62(1):83-7.

Geranium Uçucu Yağı ve Siprofloksasin ile Kombinasyonlarının Stapyhlococcus Aureus ve Esherichia Coli'ye Karşı Sinerjik Potansiyeli

Year 2021, Issue: 15, 606 - 615, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1036988

Abstract

Amaç: Pelargonium graveolens bitkisinden elde edilen Geranium uçucu yağının, enfeksiyonların tedavisinde kullanılan kinolon grubu antibiyotiklerden biri olan siprofloksasin ile kombine edilerek, sık rastlanan hastane enfeksiyonu etkeni patojen mikroorganizmalara karşı antimikrobiyal etkilerinin in vitro deney modelinde gösterilmesi çalışmamızın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Yöntem: P. graveolens uçucu yağının siprofloksasin ile kombinasyonlarının Staphylococcus aureus ve Escherichia coli’ye karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri Minimal İnhibitör Konsantrasyon (MİK) saptama yöntemi ile tespit edildi. MİK değeri belirlenen örneklerin zamana bağlı öldürme yöntemi ile uçucu yağ ve antibiyotiğin bakterisidal etkisi dinamik olarak gösterildi. Geranium’un tek başına ve siprofloksasin ile kombinasyonlarının oluşturduğu bakteriyel dış zar hasarı 625 nm dalga boyunda U.V spektrofotometre ile analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Geranium+siprofloksasin kombinasyonlarında geranium ve siprofloksasin arasında sinerjistik etki gözlendi. Geranium+siprofloksasin kombinasyonu, sırasıyla E. coli ve S. aureus proliferasyonunda ∼%87 ve ∼%78 oranında azalma gösterdi. Zamana bağlı bakteri hücre sayısının tespitinde 24. saatte, siprofloksasin+geranium kombinasyonunun canlı hücre sayısını azalttığı tespit edilirken, geranium ve siprofloksasinin tek başına kullanımı kombinasyona kıyasla hücrelerin tam olarak yok edildiğini göstermedi. E. coli ve S. aureus için, siprofloksosasinin + geranium kombinasyonunun kullanıldığı gruplarda, diğer gruplardan daha yüksek bakterisidal membran hasarı gözlendi.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, geranium yağının antimikrobiyal etkisi ile siprofloksasin ve siprofloksasin+geranium kombinasyonunun antimikrobiyal etkisi karşılaştırıldı. Buna göre siprofloksasin+geranium kombinasyonu hem geranium yağından hemde siprofloksasinden daha etkin bulundu.  

References

  • Kanra G, Ceyhan M, Kara A. Menenjit III: Tedavi. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2003;46:217-223.
  • Ayaz C. Antibiyotik Kombinasyonları, Klimik Dergisi. 2001;14(3):140-143.
  • Pereira V, Dias C, Vasconcelos MC, Rosa E, Saavedraa MJ. Antibacterial activity and synergistic effects between Eucalyptus globulus leaf residues (essential oils and extracts) and antibiotics against several isolates of respiratory tractinfections (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Industrial Crops and Products. 2014;52:1-7.
  • Yap PSX, Lim SHE, Hu CP, Yiap BC. Combination of essential oils and antibiotics reduce antibiotic resistance in plasmid-conferred multidrug resistant bacteria, Phytomedicine. 2013:20;710-713.
  • Dumlupinar B, et al. Synergic potential of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. Essential oil and antibiotic combinations against Klebsiella pneumoniae. South African Journal of Botany. 2020:135;117-126.
  • Dumlupinar B, et al. Synergy between Pelargonium endlicherianum essential oil and conventional antibiotics against Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae. South African Journal of Botany. 2022:146;243-253.
  • Yap PSX, Krishnan T, Chan KG, Lim SHE. Antibacterial mode of action of cinnamomum verum bark essential oil, alone and in combination with piperacillin, against a multi- drug-resistant escherichia coli strain, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2015;25(8):1299–1306.
  • Davis PH, Hedge IC. Pelargonium L’Hérit In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: University Press; 1967:2;487-9.
  • Ceyhan M, Yildirim I, Balmer P, et al. A prospective study of etiology of childhood acute bacterial meningitis. Emerging Infectious Disease, 2008;14(7):089-1096.
  • Techasaensiri C, Messina AF, Katz K, Ahmad N, Huang R, McCracken GH Jr. Epidemiology and evolution of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by multidrug resistant serotypes of 19A in the 8 years after implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization in Dallas, Texas. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2010;29(4):294-300.
  • Özsürekci Y. Türkiye’de Menenjite Neden Olan Bakteriyel Ajanlar ve Meningokokal Serogrupların Seroprevalansı. [yan dal uzmanlık tezi]. Ankara: Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi; 2013.
  • Lis-Balchin M. Geranium oil. International Journal of Aromatherapy. 1996;7:18-20
  • Lis-Balchin M. Geranium and Pelargonium. UK, London: Taylor & Franchis Group; 2002;116:1-3.
  • Abouelatta AM, Keratum AY, Ahmed SI. et al. Repellent, contact and fumigant activities of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.’Hér) essential oils against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Int J Trop Insect Sci. 2020:40;1021–1030 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00161-4.
  • Verma Ram S, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) essential oil extracted by different methods. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2020:449-455.
  • Lira, Maria Helena Pereira de, et al. Antimicrobial activity of geraniol: An integrative review. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2020:187-197.
  • Borges A, Ferreira C, Saavedra MJ, Simoes M. Antibacterial activity and mode of action of ferulic and gallic acids against pathogenic bacteria. Microbial Drug Resistance. 2013:19;256-265.
  • Vaara M. Agents that increase the permeability of the outer membrane. Microbiology Reviews. 1992:56;395-411.
  • Luqman S, Dwivedi GR, Darokar MP, Kalra A, Khanuja SP. Potential of rosemary oil to be used in drug-resistant infections. Altern Ther Health Med. 2007;13(5):54-9.
  • Su JY, Zhu L, Tian YJ. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Matricaria songarica. International Journal of Agricultural Biology. 2012;14(1):107-10.
  • Hemaiswarya S, Doble M. Synergistic interaction of eugenol with antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(11):997-1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.006.
  • Gibbons S, Oluwatuyi M, Veitch NC, Gray AI. Bacterial resistance modifying agents from Lycopus europaeus. Phytochemistry. 2003;62(1):83-7.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Berrak Dumlupınar 0000-0002-0898-3043

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date December 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 15

Cite

JAMA Dumlupınar B. Geranium Uçucu Yağı ve Siprofloksasin ile Kombinasyonlarının Stapyhlococcus Aureus ve Esherichia Coli’ye Karşı Sinerjik Potansiyeli. IGUSABDER. 2021;:606–615.

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