Abstract
The
aim of present study was to determine the effects of four fungicide applications
on Heart rot caused by Alternaria spp at pomegranate fruits. Heart root causes
decay at pomegranate arils without obvious external symptoms. Slight change in
shape and abnormal skin colour occur at infested fruits but it is highly
difficult to comprehend fruits on the tree and even in pack houses. Studies
conducted in 2015 on two different pomegranate orchards with Wonderful cv.
located in Northern Cyprus. The experiment was planned in completely randomized
block design and repeated in two orchards. Four replications were assigned for
each treatment and five plants were selected for each replication. The treatments
of present study are: Control; Cupper oxide; Azoxystrobin; Boscalid +
Pyraclostrobin; and Propiconazole + Difenoconazol. Two repeated applications of
copper oxide were performed before flowering and two repeated applications of
other three fungicides performed during flowering and fruit set. Fruits of the
each replication were harvested by hand at commercial maturity. All fruits were
counted and put in different plastic creates and brought to pack house for
analysis. Thus, all fruits were cut to determine if disease exist. Number of
infected fruits by heart rot was noted and data from the experiments were
subjected to the analysis of variance. Mean separations were done by using
Tukey’s multiple range test at P < 0.05. Results showed that there is a
significant difference between the percent infestations of Heart rot in Orchard
1 and Orchard 2. However, the effects of tested chemicals are found to be
similar in both orchards. According to the results obtained, as expected, the
highest Heart rot infestation was found to be at the control treatment with
8.8% and the highest effect measured at Propiconazole + Difenoconazol
application with only 2.4%. All treatments were found to be effective in
reducing the infestations of Heart rot and significant differences were
determined among the treatments. Percent infestation of Heart rot for Boscalid
+ Pyraclostrobin, Copper oxide and Azoxystrobin applications were measured as
3.7%, 4.2% and 6.9%, respectively.
Keywords
Alternaria spp. Copper oxide Northern Cyprus Propiconazole + Difenoconazol Wonderful cultivar
References
- Barkai-Golan, R. 2001. Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables: Development and Control. Elsevier, New York.
- Bashen, Y., Levanony, H., Or, R. 1991. Wind Dispersal of Alternaria alternate a Cause of Leaf Blight of Cotton. J. Phytopathology, 133, 225-238.
- Berbegal, M., Lopez_Cortes, I., Salazar, D., Gramaje, D., Perez-Sierra, A., Garcia-Jimenez, J., Armengol, J. 2014. First Report of Alternaria Black Spot of Pomegranate Caused by Alternaria alternatain Spain. Disease Notes, 98(5), 689.
- Chen, L. Y., Price, T. V., Park-Ng, Z. 2003. Conidial dispersal by Alternaria brassicicola on Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) in the field and under simulated conditions. Plant Pathology, 52, 536-545.
- Crites, A. M. 2004. Growing Pomegranates in Southern Nevada. University of Neveda, Cooperative Extension. 4p.
- Ezra, D., Kosto, I., Kirshner, B., Hershcovich, M., Shtienberg, D. 2014. Heart rot of pomegranate: disease aetiology and the events leading to development of symptoms. Plant Diseases. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-14-0707-RE (abstract).
- Faedda, R., Granata, G., Pane, A., Evoli, M., Giudice, V.L., Lio, G.M.S., Cacciola, S.O. 2015. Heart rot and soft rot of pomegranate fruit in southern Italy. Acta Horticulturae 1144.
- Gil, M. I., Tomas-Barberan, F. A., Hess-Pierce, B., Holcroft, D. M., Kader, A. A. 2000. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J. Agric. Food Chem, 48, 4581-4589.
- Haidari, M., Ali, M., Casscells, S. W., Madjid, M. 2009. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) purified polyphenol extract inhibits influenza virus and has a synergistic effect with oseltamivir. Phytomedicine, 16(12), 1127-36.
- Holland, D., Hatip, K., Bar-Ya’akov, I. 2009. Pomegranate: Botany, Horticulture and Breeding. Horticultural Reviews, Volume, 35, Edited by Jules Janick, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 127-191.
- Jurenka, J. M. T. 2008. Therapeutic Applications of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): A Review. Alternative Medicine Review, 13(2), 128-144.
- Kahramanoğlu, İ. and Usanmaz, S. 2016. Pomegranate Production and Marketing. CRC Press, 148p.
- Kahramanoglu, İ., Usanmaz, S., Nizam, İ. 2013. Incidence of heart rot at pomegranate fruits caused by Alternaria spp. in Cyprus. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(10), 905-907.
- Köhl, J. and van der Wolf, J. 2005. Alternaria brassicicola and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in organic seed production of Brassicae: Epidemiology and seed infection. Note 363. Plant Research International.
- Kumar, A., Chahal, T.S., Hunjan, M.S., Kaur, H., Rawal, R. 2017. Studies of Alternaria black spot disease of pomegranate caused by Alternaria alternata in Punjab. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(1), 156-161.
- Lansky, E. P., Jiang, W., Mo, H., Bravo, L., Froom, P., Yu, W., Campbell, M. J. 2005. Possible synergistic prostate cancer suppression by anatomically discrete pomegranate fractions. Invest New Drug, 23, 11-20.
- Lye, C. 2008. Pomegranate: preliminary assessment of the potential for an Australian industry. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation of Australian Government. RIRDC Publication No. 08/153, P. 17.
- Michailides, T., Morgan, D., Quist, M., Reyes, H. 2008. Infection of pomegranate by Alternaria spp. causing black heart. Phytopathology 98:S105
- Stein, L., Kamas, J., Nesbitt, M. 2010. Pomegranates. Texas A&M Agrilife Extension. 6p.
- Timmer, L. W., Peever, T. L., Solel, Z., & Akimutsu, K. (2003). Alternaria diseases of citrus – Novel pathosystems. Phytopal. Mediterr, 42, 3-16.
- Turk, G., Sonmez, M., Aydin, M., Yuce, A., Gur, S., Yuksel, M., Aksoy, H. 2008. Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on sperm quality, spermatogenic cell density, antioxidant activity and testosterone level in male rats. Clinical Nutrition, 27, 289-296.
- Zhang, L., McCarthy, M. J. 2012. Black heart characterization and detection in pomegranate using NMR relaxometry and MR imaging. Postharvest Biology and Technology 67, 96-101.
Abstract
References
- Barkai-Golan, R. 2001. Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables: Development and Control. Elsevier, New York.
- Bashen, Y., Levanony, H., Or, R. 1991. Wind Dispersal of Alternaria alternate a Cause of Leaf Blight of Cotton. J. Phytopathology, 133, 225-238.
- Berbegal, M., Lopez_Cortes, I., Salazar, D., Gramaje, D., Perez-Sierra, A., Garcia-Jimenez, J., Armengol, J. 2014. First Report of Alternaria Black Spot of Pomegranate Caused by Alternaria alternatain Spain. Disease Notes, 98(5), 689.
- Chen, L. Y., Price, T. V., Park-Ng, Z. 2003. Conidial dispersal by Alternaria brassicicola on Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) in the field and under simulated conditions. Plant Pathology, 52, 536-545.
- Crites, A. M. 2004. Growing Pomegranates in Southern Nevada. University of Neveda, Cooperative Extension. 4p.
- Ezra, D., Kosto, I., Kirshner, B., Hershcovich, M., Shtienberg, D. 2014. Heart rot of pomegranate: disease aetiology and the events leading to development of symptoms. Plant Diseases. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-14-0707-RE (abstract).
- Faedda, R., Granata, G., Pane, A., Evoli, M., Giudice, V.L., Lio, G.M.S., Cacciola, S.O. 2015. Heart rot and soft rot of pomegranate fruit in southern Italy. Acta Horticulturae 1144.
- Gil, M. I., Tomas-Barberan, F. A., Hess-Pierce, B., Holcroft, D. M., Kader, A. A. 2000. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J. Agric. Food Chem, 48, 4581-4589.
- Haidari, M., Ali, M., Casscells, S. W., Madjid, M. 2009. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) purified polyphenol extract inhibits influenza virus and has a synergistic effect with oseltamivir. Phytomedicine, 16(12), 1127-36.
- Holland, D., Hatip, K., Bar-Ya’akov, I. 2009. Pomegranate: Botany, Horticulture and Breeding. Horticultural Reviews, Volume, 35, Edited by Jules Janick, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 127-191.
- Jurenka, J. M. T. 2008. Therapeutic Applications of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): A Review. Alternative Medicine Review, 13(2), 128-144.
- Kahramanoğlu, İ. and Usanmaz, S. 2016. Pomegranate Production and Marketing. CRC Press, 148p.
- Kahramanoglu, İ., Usanmaz, S., Nizam, İ. 2013. Incidence of heart rot at pomegranate fruits caused by Alternaria spp. in Cyprus. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(10), 905-907.
- Köhl, J. and van der Wolf, J. 2005. Alternaria brassicicola and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in organic seed production of Brassicae: Epidemiology and seed infection. Note 363. Plant Research International.
- Kumar, A., Chahal, T.S., Hunjan, M.S., Kaur, H., Rawal, R. 2017. Studies of Alternaria black spot disease of pomegranate caused by Alternaria alternata in Punjab. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(1), 156-161.
- Lansky, E. P., Jiang, W., Mo, H., Bravo, L., Froom, P., Yu, W., Campbell, M. J. 2005. Possible synergistic prostate cancer suppression by anatomically discrete pomegranate fractions. Invest New Drug, 23, 11-20.
- Lye, C. 2008. Pomegranate: preliminary assessment of the potential for an Australian industry. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation of Australian Government. RIRDC Publication No. 08/153, P. 17.
- Michailides, T., Morgan, D., Quist, M., Reyes, H. 2008. Infection of pomegranate by Alternaria spp. causing black heart. Phytopathology 98:S105
- Stein, L., Kamas, J., Nesbitt, M. 2010. Pomegranates. Texas A&M Agrilife Extension. 6p.
- Timmer, L. W., Peever, T. L., Solel, Z., & Akimutsu, K. (2003). Alternaria diseases of citrus – Novel pathosystems. Phytopal. Mediterr, 42, 3-16.
- Turk, G., Sonmez, M., Aydin, M., Yuce, A., Gur, S., Yuksel, M., Aksoy, H. 2008. Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on sperm quality, spermatogenic cell density, antioxidant activity and testosterone level in male rats. Clinical Nutrition, 27, 289-296.
- Zhang, L., McCarthy, M. J. 2012. Black heart characterization and detection in pomegranate using NMR relaxometry and MR imaging. Postharvest Biology and Technology 67, 96-101.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Original Papers |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 8, 2018 |
| Submission Date | May 14, 2018 |
| Acceptance Date | September 17, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 |
