Türkiye’de Yaygın Olarak Yetiştirilen İki Fındık Çeşidinin Hasat ve Hasat Sonrası Uygulamalar İçin Mühendislik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Çakıldak ve Foşa fındık çeşitlerinin hasat ve hasat sonrası uygulamalar için kabuklu ve iç meyvelerinin bazı mühendislik özellikleri (fiziksel özellikler, renk özellikleri, statik sürtünme katsayıları ve mekanik davranışlar) incelenmiştir. Çakıldak ve Foşa çeşidi kabuklu fındık meyveleri için nem içerikleri sırasıyla %8.69-7.56 (% yaş bazda) ve iç fındık için %5.37-4.64 (% yaş bazda) olarak belirlenmiştir. Kabuklu ve iç fındık meyvelerinde kütle, yüz meyve kütlesi, meyve hacmi, yığın yoğunluğu ve meyve hacim ağırlığı çeşitler için istatistiksel olarak önemli (p<0.01) farklılıklar göstermiştir. Çakıldak çeşidi kabuklu meyvelerde en yüksek L* değerini, iç fındıkta ise Foşa çeşidi göstermiştir. Hem kabuklu hem de iç fındık için çeşitler arasında en yüksek statik sürtünme katsayısı değerleri kauçuk yüzeyde görülmüştür. Mekanik testler sonucunda her iki çeşitte farklı yükleme hızlarında ve eksenlerde kopma kuvveti değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark gözlenmiştir. Fındık çeşitlerinin mühendislik özelliklerinin (fiziksel özellikleri, renk özellikleri, statik sürtünme katsayıları ve mekanik davranışları) bilinmesinin önemli bir veri kaynağı olacağı ve ekim, hasat ve harmanlama ve hasat sonrası mekanizasyon için temizleme, taşıma, paketleme, depolama, işleme, sınıflandırma gibi mühendislik çalışmalarının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Keywords
Fındık çeşitleri fiziksel ve renk özellikleri statik sürtünme katsayısı mekanik davranışlar.
References
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- Çetin, N., Yaman, M., Karaman, K. & Demir, B. (2020). Determination of some physicomechanical and biochemical parameters of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 44(5), 439–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/tar-1905-115.
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- McGuire, R. G. (1992). Reporting of objective colmeasurements. Hortscience, 27, 1254–1255. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.27.12.1254.
- Mohsenin, N. N. (1980). Physical properties of plants and animal materials. Gordon and Breach Science publishers, NW, New York. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8634%2868%2990151-0.
- Molenda, M., Horabik, J., Thompson, S. A. & Rossi, J. (2004). Effects of grain properties on loads in model silo. International Agrophys, 18, 329–332.
- Özdemir, F., & Akıncı, I. (2004). Physical and nutritional properties of four major commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties. Journal of Food Engineering, 63(3), 341–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2003.08.006.
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- Selvi, K. C., Yesıloğlu, E., & Sauk, H. (2020). Engineering properties of two hazelnuts varıeties and its kernel relation to harvest and threshing. Italian Journal of Food Science, 32(3). https://doi.or g/10.14674/IJFS-1666. TEPGE, Agricultural Economic and Policy Development Institute (2021). https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Fındık Üretim Raporu 2021. (Access Date:26.12.2022).
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- TUIK, Turkish Statistical Institute (2021). TUIK – Data Portal (tuik.gov.tr). (Access Date: 25.12.2022). Yılmaz G. & Altuntas E. (2020). Some Bio-Technical Properties of Flax Seeds, Fennel Seeds and Harmal Seed Capsules. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1(2), 222–232. https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.2020.v01i02.001.
Determining of Some Engineering Properties for Harvest and Post Harvest Applications of Two Common Cultivated Hazelnuts Cultivars in Türkiye
Abstract
In this study, some engineering characteristics (physical properties, colour characteristics, coefficients of static friction and mechanical behaviours) of the shelled and kernel of Çakıldak and Foşa hazelnut cultivars cultivated in Türkiye were investigated for harvest and post harvest applications. The moisture contents of Çakıldak and Foşa cultivars for shelled hazelnut 8.69-7.56% (% wet basis) and kernel hazelnut 5.37- 4.64% (% wet basis), respectively. Statistically significant (p<0.01) differences were observed in fruit mass, hundred fruit mass, fruit volume, bulk density and true density of hazelnut cultivars in shelled and kernel cultivars. Çakıldak cultivar showed the highest L* value in shelled fruits and the Foşa cultivar in kernel fruit hazelnut. The highest coefficient of static friction values showed on the rubber surface among the two cultivars for both shelled and kernel. As a result of the mechanical tests, a statistically significant difference was observed in both cultivars at the different loading speeds and axes for rupture force values. Knowing the engineering characteristics (physical properties, colour characteristics, coefficients of static friction and mechanical behaviours) of hazelnut cultivars is thought to be an important data source and contributes to the cleaning, transportation, packaging, storage, processing, classification and engineering studies be developed for harvesting and threshing and post-harvest applications.
Keywords
hazelnut cultivars physical and colour characteristics coefficient of static friction mechanical behaviours.
References
- Altuntas, E. & Özkan, Y. (2008). Physical and mechanical properties of some walnut (Juglans regia L.). International Journal of Food Engineering, 4(4), 1556–3758. https://doi.org/10.2202/1556-3758.1349.
- Aydın, C. (2002). Physical properties of hazel nuts. Biosystems Engineering, 82(3), 297–303. doi:10.1006/bioe.2002.0065.
- Çetin, N., Yaman, M., Karaman, K. & Demir, B. (2020). Determination of some physicomechanical and biochemical parameters of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 44(5), 439–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/tar-1905-115.
- Delprete, C. & Sesana, R. (2014). Mechanical characterization of kernel and shell of hazelnuts: Proposal of an experimental procedure. Journal of Food Engineering, 128, p.174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.09.027.
- Ercisli, S., Ozturk, I., Kara, M., Kalkan, F., Seker, H., Duyar, O. & Erturk, Y. (2011). Physical properties of hazelnuts. International Agrophysics, 25(2), 115–121.
- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2019). FaoStat. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#veri/QC. (Access Date: 25.12.2022).
- Gündüz, R., Toprak, C., Yazar, Ö. V., Küçükkavruk, K. & Aksakal, E. (2018). Hazelnut Industry Research Report. Competition Authority III. Department of Inspection and Implementation. https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/Dosya/sektor-raporlari/findik-sektor-raporu1-20180606113339725.pdf.
- Güner, M., Dursun, E. & Dursun, I. G. (2003). Mechanical behaviour of hazelnut under compression loading. Biosystems Engineering, 85, 485–491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00089-8.
- Karaosmanoğlu, H. & Üstün, N.Ş. (2017). Some Physical Properties of Organic and Conventional Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.). Academic Food Journal, 15(4), 377–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.370107.
- Kibar, H. & Öztürk, T. (2009). The effect of moisture content on the physico-mechanical properties of some hazelnut varieties. Journal of Stored Products Research, 45(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2008.06.005.
- McGuire, R. G. (1992). Reporting of objective colmeasurements. Hortscience, 27, 1254–1255. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.27.12.1254.
- Mohsenin, N. N. (1980). Physical properties of plants and animal materials. Gordon and Breach Science publishers, NW, New York. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8634%2868%2990151-0.
- Molenda, M., Horabik, J., Thompson, S. A. & Rossi, J. (2004). Effects of grain properties on loads in model silo. International Agrophys, 18, 329–332.
- Özdemir, F., & Akıncı, I. (2004). Physical and nutritional properties of four major commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties. Journal of Food Engineering, 63(3), 341–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2003.08.006.
- Saçılık, K., Öztürk, R. & Keskin, R. (2003). Some physical properties of hemp seed. Biosystems Engineering,86(2), 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00130-2.
- Selvi, K. C., Yesıloğlu, E., & Sauk, H. (2020). Engineering properties of two hazelnuts varıeties and its kernel relation to harvest and threshing. Italian Journal of Food Science, 32(3). https://doi.or g/10.14674/IJFS-1666. TEPGE, Agricultural Economic and Policy Development Institute (2021). https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Fındık Üretim Raporu 2021. (Access Date:26.12.2022).
- TMO, Turkish Grain Board (2019). https://www.tmo.gov.tr/Upload/Document/sektorraporlari/findik2019. (Access Date: 25.12.2022).
- TMO, Turkish Grain Board (2020). https://www.tmo.gov.tr/Upload/Document/sektorraporlari/findik2020. (Access Date: 25.12.2022).
- TUIK, Turkish Statistical Institute (2021). TUIK – Data Portal (tuik.gov.tr). (Access Date: 25.12.2022). Yılmaz G. & Altuntas E. (2020). Some Bio-Technical Properties of Flax Seeds, Fennel Seeds and Harmal Seed Capsules. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1(2), 222–232. https://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.2020.v01i02.001.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering |
| Journal Section | Tarım Makineleri |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | August 14, 2023 |
| Publication Date | August 21, 2023 |
| Submission Date | February 1, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | May 22, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 |
