Abstract
Especially in early spring and late autumn periods, when many of herbaceous plants are dormant, they are insufficient to meet quality fodder demands of livestock. However, many species adapted to arid conditions provide the quality nutrition resources for grazing animals by maintaining their nutritive value and greenness. For this purpose, Salsola tragus and Noaea mucronata growing commonly were used as plant material, and fodder quality parameters were investigated in early vegetative (spring) and seed maturity stage (autumn). Experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three replications on the Aralık (Iğdır) wild erosion area in 2013. Results showed that all the examined quality parameters were significant differences between seasons. According to this, the highest crude protein, dry matter digestibility, digestible energy, metabolizable energy and relative feed value were determined at early vegetative stage, but neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin contents at seed maturity stage. When the quality parameters desired by livestock are considered, S.tragus had higher nutrition content than N.mucronata. Consequently, it was revealed that both seasons were suitable for grazing in terms of nutritional value, and both species could be supplied a considerable quality of forage according to conventional fodder resources. 1. GİRİŞ
Keywords
Alternative forage resources growth stages xerophyte and halophyte species wild erosion area fodder value
References
- Akyıldız AR., 1986. Yemler Bilgisi ve Teknolojisi. Ankara Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yayınları, Yayın No: 974, Ders Kitabı No:286, Ankara.
- Alatürk F., Alpars T., Gökkuş A., Coşkun E ve Akbağ IA., 2014. Bazı çalı türlerinin mevsimsel değişimi. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2: 133-141.
- Al-Eisawi DM., 1998. Wild Flowers of Jordan and Neighboring Countries. Al Rai Jordan Press Foundation, p. 296.
- Al-Oudat M., Khatib Salkini A and Tiedeman J., 2005. Major native plant species in the Knanasser area, Syria (Al-Hass and Shbeith mountains). Aleppo, Syria: ICARDA, 147 pp.
- AOAC 1997. Official methods of analysis. association of official analytical chemists. 16 th ed. 3rd revision. Arlington, VA, USA. 125 p.
- Arzani H., Ahmadi Z., Azarnivand H and Bihamta MR., 2010. Forage quality of three life forms of rangeland species in semi arid and semi humid regions in different phonological stages. Desert. 15: 71-74.
- Asaadi AM and Dadkhah AR., 2010. The study of forage quality of Haloxylon aphyllum and Eurotia ceratoidesin Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 5: 470- 475. phenological stages.
- Ataşoğlu C., Şahin S., Canbolat Ö and Baytekin H., 2010. The effect of harvest stage on the potential nutritive value of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) leaves. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 22: Article 36.
- Ben Salem H., Norman HC., Nefzaoui A., Mayberry DE., Pearce KL and Revell DK., 2010. Potential use of oldman saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) in sheep and goat feeding. Small Ruminant Res. 91: 13-28.
- Fahey JC., 1994. Forage quality evaluation and utilization. American Society of Agronomy, USA, pp: 998-1023.
- Fonnesbeck PV., Clark DH., Garret WN and Speth CF., 1984. Predicting energy utilization from alfalfa hay from the Western Region. Proceeding American Animal Science, 35: 305 - 308.
- Karabulut A., Canbolat O., Özkan CO and Kamalak A., nutritive Mediterranean shrub and tree leaves as emergency food for sheep in winter. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 18(6): Article 81.
- Kazemi K and Eskandari H., 2011. Effects of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars in Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10: 17789-17792.
- Khalil JK., Sawaya WN and Hyder SZ., 1986. Nutrient composition of Atriplex leaves grown in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Range Management, 39: 104- 107.
- Kökten K., Kaplan M., Hatipoğlu R., Saruhan V and Çınar S., 2012. Nutritive values of the leaves of Mediterranean shrubs. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22: 188-194.
- Meybodi NB and Arzani H., 2005. An investigation of range plants' palatability and goat behavior in Posht-kooh rangelands, Yazd Province. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 58: 909-919.
- MGM 2014. Başbakanlık DMİ Genel Müdürlüğü Meteroloji Bültenleri, Ankara.
- NRC 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Research Council of the National Academies, Washington DC, p. 362.
- Oktay G ve Temel S., 2015. Ebu Cehil (Calligonum polygonoides L. ssp. commosum (L’Her.) çalısının yıllık yem değerinin belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32: 30-36.
- Özdoğan N., 1976. Rüzgar Erozyonu ve Rüzgar Erozyonu Sahalarında Alınacak Başlıca Tedbirler. Topraksu Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 306, Ankara.
- Parissi ZM., Papachristou TG and Nastis AS., 2005. Effect of drying method on estimated nutritive value of browse species using an in vitro gas production technique. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123-124: 119-128.
- Parlak AÖ., Gökkuş A., Hakyemez BH and Baytekin H., 2011a. Forage yield and quality of Kermes oak and herbaceous species throughout a year in Mediterranean zone of western Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 9: 510-515.
- Parlak AÖ., Gökkuş A., Hakyemez BH and Baytekin H., 2011b. Forage quality of deciduos woody and herbaceous species throughout a year in Mediterranean shrublands of western Turkey. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21: 513- 518.
- Rad MS., Rad JS., Teixeira da Silva JA and Mohsenzadeh S., 2013. Forage quality of two halophytic species, Aeluropus lagopoides and Aeluropus littoralis, in two phenological stages. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4: 998-1005.
- Rohweder DA., Barnes RF and Jorgensen N., 1978. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. Journal of Animal Science, 47: 747-759.
- Sevim Z., 1999. Iğdır Aralık’ta Rüzgar Erozyonu. T.C. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Köy Hizmetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
- Sheaffer CC., Peterson MA., Mccalin M., Volene JJ., Cherney JH., Johnson KD., Woodward WT and Viands DR., 1995. Acide Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration and Relative Feed Value. North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference, Minneapolis.
- Tan M ve Serin Y., 2011. Baklagil Yem Bitkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Yayınları No: 190, Erzurum.
- Temel S ve Şahin K., 2011. Iğdır ilinde yem bitkilerinin mevcut durumu, sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21: 64-72.
- Temel S and Pehluvan M., 2015. Evaluating orchard and poplar leaves during autumn as an alternative fodder source for livestock feding. Ciencia e investigación agraria, 42: 27-33.
- Temel S., Sürmen M and Tan M., 2015. Yield and nutritional properties of some halophyte species at different phenological stages as alternative fodder source. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, in press.
- Valipoor Dastenai M., Mirhadi MJ and Mehrani A., 2012. The study and comparison of 3 foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) cultivars in different phenological stages in Karaj Region. The Journal of Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2(3): 62-68.
- Van Soest PJ., Robertson JD and Lewis BA., 1991. Methods for diatery fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animals nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
Vejetatif ve Tohum Olgunlaştırma Döneminde Salsola tragus L. ve Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf.’nin Yem Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Türkiye de olduğu gibi Iğdır da da, kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde otlanan hayvanlar sürekli yetersiz beslenme ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Bu amaçla hayvan sahipleri geç sonbahar ve erken ilkbahar aylarında ovada, yılın diğer aylarında ise yüksek rakımlarda hayvanlarını otlatma meylindedirler. Özellikle erken ilkbahar ve geç sonbahar dönemlerinde otsu türlerin çoğu dormant ve kurumuş olduğundan kaliteli yem açığı ve hayvanların yetersiz beslenmesi daha fazladır. Oysa kurak şartlara adapte olmuş çok sayıda tür yeşilliklerini ve besin değerlerini koruyarak, otlanan hayvanlara kalteli bir yem kaynağı sağlamaktadırlar. Bu amaçla bölgede yaygın olarak yetişen Salsola tragus L. ve Salsola kali bu araştırmada bitki materyali olarak kullanılmış ve bu türlerin erken ilkbahar (vejetatif) ve geç sonbahar (tohum olgunlaştırma) dönemlerinde bazı yem kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Deneme kurak iklim özelliğe sahip Aralık (Iğdır) rüzgar erozyon sahası meralarında 2013 yılında şansa bağlı tam bloklar deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, her iki türün de hayvan besleme açısından arzulanan ham protein, kuru madde sindirilebilirliği, sindirilebilir enerji, metabolik enerji ve nispi yem değerleri erken vejetatif gelişme döneminde, arzulanmayan nötr çözücülerde çözünemeyen lif, asit çözücülerde çözünemeyen lif ve asit çözücülerde çözünemeyen lignin içerikleri ise tohum olgunlaştırma döneminde belirlenmiştir. Türler arasında ise S.tragus, S.kali ile kıyaslandığında daha yüksek bir besin içeriğine sahip olmuştur. Sonuç olarak besin değeri açısından her iki fenolojik dönemin otlatma için uygun olduğu ve her iki türün geleneksel yem kaynaklarına göre azımsanmayacak kalitede yem sağlayabildiği ortaya konulmuştur.
Keywords
Alternatif yem kaynağı gelişme dönemleri kserofit ve halofit türler rüzgar erozyon sahası yem değeri
References
- Akyıldız AR., 1986. Yemler Bilgisi ve Teknolojisi. Ankara Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yayınları, Yayın No: 974, Ders Kitabı No:286, Ankara.
- Alatürk F., Alpars T., Gökkuş A., Coşkun E ve Akbağ IA., 2014. Bazı çalı türlerinin mevsimsel değişimi. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2: 133-141.
- Al-Eisawi DM., 1998. Wild Flowers of Jordan and Neighboring Countries. Al Rai Jordan Press Foundation, p. 296.
- Al-Oudat M., Khatib Salkini A and Tiedeman J., 2005. Major native plant species in the Knanasser area, Syria (Al-Hass and Shbeith mountains). Aleppo, Syria: ICARDA, 147 pp.
- AOAC 1997. Official methods of analysis. association of official analytical chemists. 16 th ed. 3rd revision. Arlington, VA, USA. 125 p.
- Arzani H., Ahmadi Z., Azarnivand H and Bihamta MR., 2010. Forage quality of three life forms of rangeland species in semi arid and semi humid regions in different phonological stages. Desert. 15: 71-74.
- Asaadi AM and Dadkhah AR., 2010. The study of forage quality of Haloxylon aphyllum and Eurotia ceratoidesin Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 5: 470- 475. phenological stages.
- Ataşoğlu C., Şahin S., Canbolat Ö and Baytekin H., 2010. The effect of harvest stage on the potential nutritive value of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) leaves. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 22: Article 36.
- Ben Salem H., Norman HC., Nefzaoui A., Mayberry DE., Pearce KL and Revell DK., 2010. Potential use of oldman saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) in sheep and goat feeding. Small Ruminant Res. 91: 13-28.
- Fahey JC., 1994. Forage quality evaluation and utilization. American Society of Agronomy, USA, pp: 998-1023.
- Fonnesbeck PV., Clark DH., Garret WN and Speth CF., 1984. Predicting energy utilization from alfalfa hay from the Western Region. Proceeding American Animal Science, 35: 305 - 308.
- Karabulut A., Canbolat O., Özkan CO and Kamalak A., nutritive Mediterranean shrub and tree leaves as emergency food for sheep in winter. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 18(6): Article 81.
- Kazemi K and Eskandari H., 2011. Effects of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars in Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10: 17789-17792.
- Khalil JK., Sawaya WN and Hyder SZ., 1986. Nutrient composition of Atriplex leaves grown in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Range Management, 39: 104- 107.
- Kökten K., Kaplan M., Hatipoğlu R., Saruhan V and Çınar S., 2012. Nutritive values of the leaves of Mediterranean shrubs. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22: 188-194.
- Meybodi NB and Arzani H., 2005. An investigation of range plants' palatability and goat behavior in Posht-kooh rangelands, Yazd Province. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 58: 909-919.
- MGM 2014. Başbakanlık DMİ Genel Müdürlüğü Meteroloji Bültenleri, Ankara.
- NRC 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Research Council of the National Academies, Washington DC, p. 362.
- Oktay G ve Temel S., 2015. Ebu Cehil (Calligonum polygonoides L. ssp. commosum (L’Her.) çalısının yıllık yem değerinin belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32: 30-36.
- Özdoğan N., 1976. Rüzgar Erozyonu ve Rüzgar Erozyonu Sahalarında Alınacak Başlıca Tedbirler. Topraksu Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 306, Ankara.
- Parissi ZM., Papachristou TG and Nastis AS., 2005. Effect of drying method on estimated nutritive value of browse species using an in vitro gas production technique. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123-124: 119-128.
- Parlak AÖ., Gökkuş A., Hakyemez BH and Baytekin H., 2011a. Forage yield and quality of Kermes oak and herbaceous species throughout a year in Mediterranean zone of western Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 9: 510-515.
- Parlak AÖ., Gökkuş A., Hakyemez BH and Baytekin H., 2011b. Forage quality of deciduos woody and herbaceous species throughout a year in Mediterranean shrublands of western Turkey. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21: 513- 518.
- Rad MS., Rad JS., Teixeira da Silva JA and Mohsenzadeh S., 2013. Forage quality of two halophytic species, Aeluropus lagopoides and Aeluropus littoralis, in two phenological stages. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4: 998-1005.
- Rohweder DA., Barnes RF and Jorgensen N., 1978. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. Journal of Animal Science, 47: 747-759.
- Sevim Z., 1999. Iğdır Aralık’ta Rüzgar Erozyonu. T.C. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Köy Hizmetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
- Sheaffer CC., Peterson MA., Mccalin M., Volene JJ., Cherney JH., Johnson KD., Woodward WT and Viands DR., 1995. Acide Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration and Relative Feed Value. North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference, Minneapolis.
- Tan M ve Serin Y., 2011. Baklagil Yem Bitkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Yayınları No: 190, Erzurum.
- Temel S ve Şahin K., 2011. Iğdır ilinde yem bitkilerinin mevcut durumu, sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21: 64-72.
- Temel S and Pehluvan M., 2015. Evaluating orchard and poplar leaves during autumn as an alternative fodder source for livestock feding. Ciencia e investigación agraria, 42: 27-33.
- Temel S., Sürmen M and Tan M., 2015. Yield and nutritional properties of some halophyte species at different phenological stages as alternative fodder source. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, in press.
- Valipoor Dastenai M., Mirhadi MJ and Mehrani A., 2012. The study and comparison of 3 foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) cultivars in different phenological stages in Karaj Region. The Journal of Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2(3): 62-68.
- Van Soest PJ., Robertson JD and Lewis BA., 1991. Methods for diatery fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animals nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 17, 2015 |
| Submission Date | August 17, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 |
