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The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 18 - 26, 11.12.2017

Busra Akgül İnanç Özgen

Abstract

The use of clay minerals in agriculture has
expanded due to the significant deleterious effects of the global pollutants.
The idea of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) has been put forward especially
for organically grown crops. In this context, several innovative technologies
such as Particle Film Technology (PFT) have been developed within the framework
of the agricultural industry. These consist of chemically inert clay or clay
mineral particles consisting of specially formulated liquid formulations to
reduce damage affecting fruit quality before and after harvesting, such as
color, carbon assimilation rate, which complement disease, insects, sun damage,
freezing damage and fruit development. Over the past two decades, a significant
number of studies have been conducted on the development of various film
technologies. In addition, the effects on garden plants and on various fields
and greenhouse plants have been investigated. In this article, clay minerals
and applications in agriculture are given.

Keywords

Clay Minerlas Agriculture Appliation Area

References

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  • Allen, F., 1972. A natural earth that controls insects. Org. Gard. Farm. 19, 50–56.
  • Andris, H.L., Crisoto, C.H., 1996. Reflective material enhance Fuji apple color. Calif. Agric. 50, 27–30.
  • Bar-Joseph, M., Frenkel, H., 1983. Spraying citrus plants with kaolin suspensions reducescolonization by spiraea aphid (Aphis citricola van der Goot). Crop. Prot. 2, 371–374.
  • Boyce, A.M., 1932. Mortality of Rhagoletis completa (Cress.) through the ingestion of certain solid materials. J. Econ. Entomol. 25, 1053–1059.
  • Campos, M., 2001. Lacewings in Andalusian olive orchards. In: McEwen, P., New, T.R., Whittington, A.E. (Eds.), Lacewings in the Crop Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 492–497.
  • Casida, J.E., Quistad, G.B., 1998. Golden age of insecticide research: past, present or future? Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43, 1–16.
  • Ebling, W., 1971. Sorptive dusts for pest control. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 16, 123–158.
  • Fuller, M.P., Hamed, F.,Wisniewski, M., Glenn, D.M., 2003. Protection of plants from frost using hydrophobic particle film and acrylic polymer. Ann. Appl. Biol. 143, 93–97.
  • Giddings, N.J., 1921. Orchard dusting versus spraying. J. Econ. Entomol. 14, 225–234.
  • Gindaba, J., Wand, S.J.E., 2005. Comparative effects of evaporative cooling, kaolin particle film, and shade net on sunburn and fruit quality in apples. HortSci. 40, 592–596. Glenn, D.M., 1999. Analysis of trickle and pulse micro sprinkler irrigation of processing apples. J. Tree Fruit Prod. 2, 11–17.
  • Glenn, D.M., Puterka, G.J., Vanderzwet, T., Byers, R.E., Feldhake, C., 1999. Hydrophobic particle films: a new paradigm for suppression of arthropod pests and plant diseases. J. Econ. Entomol. 92, 759–771.
  • Glenn, D.M., Wisniewski, M., Puterka, G.J., Sekutowski, D., 2001. Method for Enhanced Supercooling of Plants to Provide Frost Protection. U.S. Patent No. US06235683.
  • Glenn, D.M., Prado, E., Erez, A., McFerson, J.R., Puterka, G.J., 2002. A reflective, processed kaolin particle film affects fruit temperature, radiation reflection, and solar injury in apple. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 127, 188–193.
  • Glenn, D.M., Puterka, G.J., 2004. Particle film technology: an overview of history, concepts and impact in horticulture. Acta Hortic. 636, 509–511.
  • Glenn, D.M., Puterka, G.J., 2005. Particle films: a new technology for agriculture. Hortic. Rev. 31, 1–44.
  • Grim, R.E. 1962. Applied Clay Mineralogy, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Hancıoğlu, Ç., 2015. Kaolin Ve Bentonit Türü Killerde Bulunan Silikaların Belirlenmesi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Headly, T.J., 1921. Dusting as a means of controlling injurious insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 14, 214–220.
  • Iannotta, N., Belfiore, T., Brandmaya, P., Noce, M.E., Scalercio, S., 2007. Evaluation of the impact on entomocoenosis of active agents allowed in organic olive farming against Bactrocera oleae. J. Environ. Sci. Health 42, 783–788
  • Karagounis, C., Kourdoumbalos, A.K.,Margaritopoulos, J.T., Nanos, G.D., Tsitsipis, J.A., 2006. Organic farming compatible insecticides against the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in peach orchards. J. Appl. Entomol. 130, 150–154.
  • Kingery, W.D., Bowen, H.K. and Uhlmann, D.R. 1976. Introduction to Ceramics, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, p.1032, New York.
  • Kirkpatrick, R.L., Gillenwater, H.B., 1981. Toxicity of selected insecticidal aerosols, dusts and sprays to two species of stored-product insects. J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 16, 175–180.
  • Knight, A.L., Christianson, B.A., Unruh, T.R., Puterka, G., Glenn, D.M., 2001. Impacts of seasonal kaolin particle films on apple pest management. Can. Entomol. 133, 413–428.
  • Law, P.F. and Morgheim, J.F. 1979. The swelling of clay; I. Basic concepts and empirical equations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43, 473-480.
  • Loughnan, F.C. 1969. Chemical weathering on the silica minerals, Elsevier, New York.
  • Luckham, P.F. and Rossi, S. 1999. The colloidal and rheological proporties of bentonite suspensions. Advenced colloid and ınterface science, 82; 43-92.
  • Malayoğlu, U., Akar, A., 1995. Killerin Sınıflandırmasında ve Kullanım Alanlarının Saptanmasında Aranan Kriterlerin İrdelenmesi. Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu. Köse ve Kızıl (eds), 125-142.
  • Mandour, N.S., 2009. Influence of spinosad on immature and adult stages of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). BioControl 54, 93–102.
  • Margulies, L., Stern, T., Rubin, B., Ruzo, L.O., 1992. Photostabilization of trifluralin adsorbed on a clay matrix. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40, 152–155.
  • Marko, V., Blommers, L.H.M., Bogya, S., Helsen, H., 2007. Kaolin particle films suppress many apple pests, disrupt natural enemies and promote woolly apple aphid. J. Appl. Entomol. 132, 26–35.
  • Marko, V., Blommers, L.H.M., Bogya, S., Helsen, H., 2008. Kaolin particle films suppress many apple pests, disrupt natural enemies and promote woolly apple aphid. J. Appl. Entomol. 132, 26–35.
  • Marko, V., Bogya, S., Kondorosy, E., Blommers, L.H.M., 2010. Side effects of kaolin particle films on apple orchard bug, beetle and spider communities. Int. J. Pest Manag. 56, 189–199.
  • Mazor, M., Erez, A., 2004. Processed kaolin protects fruits from Mediterranean fruit fly infestations. Crop. Prot. 23, 47–51.
  • Medina, P., Smagghe, G., Budia, F., Tirry, L., Vinuela, E., 2003. Toxicity and absorption of azadirachtin, diflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide after topical application in predatory larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Environ. Entomol. 32, 196–203.
  • Meinhold, T., Damerow, L., Blankeb, M., 2011. Reflective materials under hail net improve orchard light utilization, fruit quality and particularly fruit colouration. Sci. Hortic. 127, 447–451.
  • Mendgen, K., Schiewe, A., Falconi, C., 1992. Biological control of plant diseases. Biological Crop Protection Symposium, 24 May 1991. Pflanzenschutz- Nachrichten Bayer 45/ 1992, p. 1.
  • Mote, D.C., Wilcox, J., Davis, E.G., 1926. The natural cleaning up habit of insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 19, 745–748.
  • Murray, H.H. 1991. Overview-clay mineral applications. Applied Clay Science, 5, 379- 395.
  • Murray, H.H., 1999. Applied clay mineralogy today and tomorrow. Clay Minerals, 34, 39-49.
  • Murray, H.H., 2000. Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite: A general overview. Applied Clay Science, 17, 207-221.
  • Nawrocka, B.Z., Eckenrode, C.I., Uyemoto, I.K., Young, D.H., 1975. Reflective mulches and foliar sprays for suppression of aphid-boe viruses in lettuce. J. Econ. Entomol. 68, 694–698.
  • Oliver, C., Halseth, E.E., Mizubuti, E.S.G., Loria, R. 1998. Postharvest Application of Organic and Inorganic Salts for Suppression of Silver Scurf on Potato Tubers. Plant Dis. 82: 213- 217.
  • Önal, M. and Sarıkaya, Y. 2007. Thermal behavior of a bentonite. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 90(1), 167-172. Pace, B., Boari, F., Cantore, V., Leo, L., Vanadia, S., De Palma, E., Phillips, N., 2007. Effect of particle film technology on temperature, yield and quality of processing tomato. Acta Hortic. 758, 287–293.
  • Pascual, S., Cobos, G., Seris, E., Gonzalez-Nunez, M., 2010. Effects of processed kaolin on pests and non-target arthropods in a Spanish olive grove. J. Pest. Sci. 83, 121–133.
  • Porcel, M., Ruano, F., Sanllorente, O., Caballero, J.A., Campos, M., 2009. Short communication. Incidence of the olipe mass-trapping on olive non-target arthropods. Span. J. Agric. Res. 7, 660–664.
  • Porcel,M., Cotes, B., Campos,M., 2011. Biological and behavioral effects of a kaolin particle film on larvae and adults of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Biol. Control 59, 98–105.
  • Puterka, G.J., Glenn, D.M., Sekutowski, D.G., Unruh, T.R., Jones, S.K., 2000. Progress toward liquid formulations of particle films for insect and disease control in pear. Environ. Entomol. 29, 329–339.
  • Prive, J.P., Russell, L., Braun, G., LeBlanc, A., 2007. ‘Bordeaux’/‘Kumulus’ regimes and ‘Surround’ in organic apple production in New Brunswick: impacts on apple scab, fruit russeting and leaf gas exchange. Acta Hortic. 737, 95–104.
  • Richardson, C.H., Glover, L.H., 1932. Some effects of certain “inert” and toxic substances upon the 12-spotted cucumber beetle, D. duodecempunctata (Fab.). J. Econ. Entomol. 25, 1176–1181.
  • Sackett, T.E., Buddle, C.M., Vincent, C., 2007. Effects of kaolin on the composition of generalist predator assemblages and parasitism of Choristoneura rosaceana (Lep., Tortricidae) in apple orchards. J. Appl. Entomol. 131, 478–485.
  • Sarıkaya, Y. 1987. Killerin önemi ve özelikleri. III. Ulusal Kil Sempozyumu Bildirileri: 13-32 (eds. A.G. Türkmenoğlu ve O. Akıman) ODTÜ Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Ankara.
  • Saour, G.,Makee, H., 2004. A kaolin-basedparticle film for suppression of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Dip., Tephritidae) in olive groves. J. Appl. Entomol. 128, 28–31.
  • Schupp, J.R., Fallahi, E., Chun, I.J., 2002. Effect of particle film on fruit sunburn, maturity and quality of Fuji and Honeycrisp apples. Hortic. Technol. 12, 87–90.
  • Shafer, G.D., 1915. III. How contact insecticides kill. Mich. Agric. Exp. Station Technol. Bull. 21, 51–55.
  • Sharma, R.R., S. Vijay Rakesh Reddy, S., Datta, S.S., 2015. Particle films and their applications in horticultural crops. Applied Clay Science 116–117, 54–68.
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  • Unruh, T.R., Knight, A.L., Upton, J., Glenn, D.M., Puterka, G.J., 2000. Particle films for suppression of Codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple and pear orchards. J. Econ. Entomol. 93, 737–743.
  • Zehnder, G., Gurr, G.M., Kuhne, S., Wade, M.R., Wratten, S.D., Wyss, E., 2007. Arthropod pest management in organic crops. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52, 57–80.
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  • Wisniewski, M., Glenn, D.M., Fuller, M.P., 2002. The use of hydrophobic films as a barrier to ice nucleation in plants. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. 127, 358–364.
  • Wunsche, J.N., Lombardini, L., Greer, D.H., 2004. Surround particle film applications effects on whole canopy physiology of apple. Acta Hortic. 636, 565–571.

Kil Minerallerinin Tarımda Uygulama Olanakları

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 18 - 26, 11.12.2017

Busra Akgül İnanç Özgen

Abstract

Küresel kirleticilerin çevreye olan önemli zararlı etkilerden dolayı kil minerallerinin tarımda kullanım alanları genişlemiştir. Özellikle organik olarak yetiştirilen ürünler için İyi Tarım Uygulamaları (GAPs) fikri ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bağlamda Partikül Film Teknolojisi (PFT) gibi birkaç inovatif teknoloji, tarımsal sanayii çerçevesinde geliştirilmiştir. Bunlar, hastalıklar, böcekler, güneş yaralanmaları, donma zararları ve meyvenin gelişimini tamamlayan renk, karbon asimilasyon oranı gibi hasat öncesi ve sonrası meyve kalitesini etkileyen zararları azaltmak için özel olarak formüle edilmiş sıvı formulasyonlardan oluşan, kimyasal olarak inert kil ya da kil mineral partiküllerinden oluşurlar.  Son yirmi yılda çeşitli film teknolojisinin geliştirilmesi üzerinde önemli sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bahçe bitkileri ve çeşitli tarla ve sera bitkileri üzerindeki etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Bu makalede kil mineralleri ve tarımda uygulamaları le ilgili bilgiler verilmektedir.

Keywords

Kil Mineralleri Tarım Uygulama Alanları

References

  • Adlerz,W.C., Everett, P.H., 1968. Aluminum foil and white polyethylene mulches to repel aphids and control water melon mosaic. J. Econ. Entomol. 61, 1276–1279.
  • Allen, F., 1972. A natural earth that controls insects. Org. Gard. Farm. 19, 50–56.
  • Andris, H.L., Crisoto, C.H., 1996. Reflective material enhance Fuji apple color. Calif. Agric. 50, 27–30.
  • Bar-Joseph, M., Frenkel, H., 1983. Spraying citrus plants with kaolin suspensions reducescolonization by spiraea aphid (Aphis citricola van der Goot). Crop. Prot. 2, 371–374.
  • Boyce, A.M., 1932. Mortality of Rhagoletis completa (Cress.) through the ingestion of certain solid materials. J. Econ. Entomol. 25, 1053–1059.
  • Campos, M., 2001. Lacewings in Andalusian olive orchards. In: McEwen, P., New, T.R., Whittington, A.E. (Eds.), Lacewings in the Crop Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 492–497.
  • Casida, J.E., Quistad, G.B., 1998. Golden age of insecticide research: past, present or future? Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43, 1–16.
  • Ebling, W., 1971. Sorptive dusts for pest control. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 16, 123–158.
  • Fuller, M.P., Hamed, F.,Wisniewski, M., Glenn, D.M., 2003. Protection of plants from frost using hydrophobic particle film and acrylic polymer. Ann. Appl. Biol. 143, 93–97.
  • Giddings, N.J., 1921. Orchard dusting versus spraying. J. Econ. Entomol. 14, 225–234.
  • Gindaba, J., Wand, S.J.E., 2005. Comparative effects of evaporative cooling, kaolin particle film, and shade net on sunburn and fruit quality in apples. HortSci. 40, 592–596. Glenn, D.M., 1999. Analysis of trickle and pulse micro sprinkler irrigation of processing apples. J. Tree Fruit Prod. 2, 11–17.
  • Glenn, D.M., Puterka, G.J., Vanderzwet, T., Byers, R.E., Feldhake, C., 1999. Hydrophobic particle films: a new paradigm for suppression of arthropod pests and plant diseases. J. Econ. Entomol. 92, 759–771.
  • Glenn, D.M., Wisniewski, M., Puterka, G.J., Sekutowski, D., 2001. Method for Enhanced Supercooling of Plants to Provide Frost Protection. U.S. Patent No. US06235683.
  • Glenn, D.M., Prado, E., Erez, A., McFerson, J.R., Puterka, G.J., 2002. A reflective, processed kaolin particle film affects fruit temperature, radiation reflection, and solar injury in apple. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 127, 188–193.
  • Glenn, D.M., Puterka, G.J., 2004. Particle film technology: an overview of history, concepts and impact in horticulture. Acta Hortic. 636, 509–511.
  • Glenn, D.M., Puterka, G.J., 2005. Particle films: a new technology for agriculture. Hortic. Rev. 31, 1–44.
  • Grim, R.E. 1962. Applied Clay Mineralogy, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Hancıoğlu, Ç., 2015. Kaolin Ve Bentonit Türü Killerde Bulunan Silikaların Belirlenmesi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Headly, T.J., 1921. Dusting as a means of controlling injurious insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 14, 214–220.
  • Iannotta, N., Belfiore, T., Brandmaya, P., Noce, M.E., Scalercio, S., 2007. Evaluation of the impact on entomocoenosis of active agents allowed in organic olive farming against Bactrocera oleae. J. Environ. Sci. Health 42, 783–788
  • Karagounis, C., Kourdoumbalos, A.K.,Margaritopoulos, J.T., Nanos, G.D., Tsitsipis, J.A., 2006. Organic farming compatible insecticides against the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in peach orchards. J. Appl. Entomol. 130, 150–154.
  • Kingery, W.D., Bowen, H.K. and Uhlmann, D.R. 1976. Introduction to Ceramics, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, p.1032, New York.
  • Kirkpatrick, R.L., Gillenwater, H.B., 1981. Toxicity of selected insecticidal aerosols, dusts and sprays to two species of stored-product insects. J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 16, 175–180.
  • Knight, A.L., Christianson, B.A., Unruh, T.R., Puterka, G., Glenn, D.M., 2001. Impacts of seasonal kaolin particle films on apple pest management. Can. Entomol. 133, 413–428.
  • Law, P.F. and Morgheim, J.F. 1979. The swelling of clay; I. Basic concepts and empirical equations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43, 473-480.
  • Loughnan, F.C. 1969. Chemical weathering on the silica minerals, Elsevier, New York.
  • Luckham, P.F. and Rossi, S. 1999. The colloidal and rheological proporties of bentonite suspensions. Advenced colloid and ınterface science, 82; 43-92.
  • Malayoğlu, U., Akar, A., 1995. Killerin Sınıflandırmasında ve Kullanım Alanlarının Saptanmasında Aranan Kriterlerin İrdelenmesi. Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu. Köse ve Kızıl (eds), 125-142.
  • Mandour, N.S., 2009. Influence of spinosad on immature and adult stages of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). BioControl 54, 93–102.
  • Margulies, L., Stern, T., Rubin, B., Ruzo, L.O., 1992. Photostabilization of trifluralin adsorbed on a clay matrix. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40, 152–155.
  • Marko, V., Blommers, L.H.M., Bogya, S., Helsen, H., 2007. Kaolin particle films suppress many apple pests, disrupt natural enemies and promote woolly apple aphid. J. Appl. Entomol. 132, 26–35.
  • Marko, V., Blommers, L.H.M., Bogya, S., Helsen, H., 2008. Kaolin particle films suppress many apple pests, disrupt natural enemies and promote woolly apple aphid. J. Appl. Entomol. 132, 26–35.
  • Marko, V., Bogya, S., Kondorosy, E., Blommers, L.H.M., 2010. Side effects of kaolin particle films on apple orchard bug, beetle and spider communities. Int. J. Pest Manag. 56, 189–199.
  • Mazor, M., Erez, A., 2004. Processed kaolin protects fruits from Mediterranean fruit fly infestations. Crop. Prot. 23, 47–51.
  • Medina, P., Smagghe, G., Budia, F., Tirry, L., Vinuela, E., 2003. Toxicity and absorption of azadirachtin, diflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide after topical application in predatory larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Environ. Entomol. 32, 196–203.
  • Meinhold, T., Damerow, L., Blankeb, M., 2011. Reflective materials under hail net improve orchard light utilization, fruit quality and particularly fruit colouration. Sci. Hortic. 127, 447–451.
  • Mendgen, K., Schiewe, A., Falconi, C., 1992. Biological control of plant diseases. Biological Crop Protection Symposium, 24 May 1991. Pflanzenschutz- Nachrichten Bayer 45/ 1992, p. 1.
  • Mote, D.C., Wilcox, J., Davis, E.G., 1926. The natural cleaning up habit of insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 19, 745–748.
  • Murray, H.H. 1991. Overview-clay mineral applications. Applied Clay Science, 5, 379- 395.
  • Murray, H.H., 1999. Applied clay mineralogy today and tomorrow. Clay Minerals, 34, 39-49.
  • Murray, H.H., 2000. Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite: A general overview. Applied Clay Science, 17, 207-221.
  • Nawrocka, B.Z., Eckenrode, C.I., Uyemoto, I.K., Young, D.H., 1975. Reflective mulches and foliar sprays for suppression of aphid-boe viruses in lettuce. J. Econ. Entomol. 68, 694–698.
  • Oliver, C., Halseth, E.E., Mizubuti, E.S.G., Loria, R. 1998. Postharvest Application of Organic and Inorganic Salts for Suppression of Silver Scurf on Potato Tubers. Plant Dis. 82: 213- 217.
  • Önal, M. and Sarıkaya, Y. 2007. Thermal behavior of a bentonite. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 90(1), 167-172. Pace, B., Boari, F., Cantore, V., Leo, L., Vanadia, S., De Palma, E., Phillips, N., 2007. Effect of particle film technology on temperature, yield and quality of processing tomato. Acta Hortic. 758, 287–293.
  • Pascual, S., Cobos, G., Seris, E., Gonzalez-Nunez, M., 2010. Effects of processed kaolin on pests and non-target arthropods in a Spanish olive grove. J. Pest. Sci. 83, 121–133.
  • Porcel, M., Ruano, F., Sanllorente, O., Caballero, J.A., Campos, M., 2009. Short communication. Incidence of the olipe mass-trapping on olive non-target arthropods. Span. J. Agric. Res. 7, 660–664.
  • Porcel,M., Cotes, B., Campos,M., 2011. Biological and behavioral effects of a kaolin particle film on larvae and adults of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Biol. Control 59, 98–105.
  • Puterka, G.J., Glenn, D.M., Sekutowski, D.G., Unruh, T.R., Jones, S.K., 2000. Progress toward liquid formulations of particle films for insect and disease control in pear. Environ. Entomol. 29, 329–339.
  • Prive, J.P., Russell, L., Braun, G., LeBlanc, A., 2007. ‘Bordeaux’/‘Kumulus’ regimes and ‘Surround’ in organic apple production in New Brunswick: impacts on apple scab, fruit russeting and leaf gas exchange. Acta Hortic. 737, 95–104.
  • Richardson, C.H., Glover, L.H., 1932. Some effects of certain “inert” and toxic substances upon the 12-spotted cucumber beetle, D. duodecempunctata (Fab.). J. Econ. Entomol. 25, 1176–1181.
  • Sackett, T.E., Buddle, C.M., Vincent, C., 2007. Effects of kaolin on the composition of generalist predator assemblages and parasitism of Choristoneura rosaceana (Lep., Tortricidae) in apple orchards. J. Appl. Entomol. 131, 478–485.
  • Sarıkaya, Y. 1987. Killerin önemi ve özelikleri. III. Ulusal Kil Sempozyumu Bildirileri: 13-32 (eds. A.G. Türkmenoğlu ve O. Akıman) ODTÜ Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Ankara.
  • Saour, G.,Makee, H., 2004. A kaolin-basedparticle film for suppression of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Dip., Tephritidae) in olive groves. J. Appl. Entomol. 128, 28–31.
  • Schupp, J.R., Fallahi, E., Chun, I.J., 2002. Effect of particle film on fruit sunburn, maturity and quality of Fuji and Honeycrisp apples. Hortic. Technol. 12, 87–90.
  • Shafer, G.D., 1915. III. How contact insecticides kill. Mich. Agric. Exp. Station Technol. Bull. 21, 51–55.
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There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Busra Akgül This is me

İnanç Özgen

Publication Date December 11, 2017
Submission Date September 25, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akgül, B., & Özgen, İ. (2017). The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications, 1(2), 18-26.
AMA Akgül B, Özgen İ. The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture. IJIEA. December 2017;1(2):18-26.
Chicago Akgül, Busra, and İnanç Özgen. “The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture”. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications 1, no. 2 (December 2017): 18-26.
EndNote Akgül B, Özgen İ (December 1, 2017) The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications 1 2 18–26.
IEEE B. Akgül and İ. Özgen, “The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture”, IJIEA, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 18–26, 2017.
ISNAD Akgül, Busra - Özgen, İnanç. “The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture”. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications 1/2 (December 2017), 18-26.
JAMA Akgül B, Özgen İ. The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture. IJIEA. 2017;1:18–26.
MLA Akgül, Busra and İnanç Özgen. “The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture”. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications, vol. 1, no. 2, 2017, pp. 18-26.
Vancouver Akgül B, Özgen İ. The Application Areas of Clay Minerals in Agriculture. IJIEA. 2017;1(2):18-26.
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