Research Article
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The Use of Natural Preservative Propolis and Hypericum perforatum Oil in Herbal Cream Production

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 27 - 35, 15.04.2021

Gülşah Aydın Neslihan Şirin Meral Kekeçoğlu Tuğba Türken Nisa Sipahi Haydar Göksu

Abstract

Objective:
Consumers' preference for products produced with natural additives has accelerated the search for natural substances that are alternative to synthetic materials in cosmetics and food production. The aim of the study is to obtain a herbal cream by using the natural preservative effect of propolis and the moisturizing effect of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) fixed oil of Hypericum perforatum plant which grows naturally in our country.
Material-Method:
The chemical content of the obtained propolis ethanolic extract was determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. Hypericum perforatum fixed oil was obtained by maceration and the chemical content of the oil was determined by GC-MS analysis. Herbal cream was prepared using PEG400 to facilitate dispersion of Hypericum perforatum oil and propolis extract obtained in water-based cream formulations and to provide a creamy consistency. Microbiological stability tests were carried out with reference to ISO21149, ISO16212, ISO18416, ISO22717 and ISO21150 standards and ISO11930: 2012 standard for challenge test (preservative efficacy tests).
Results:
The total phenolic content of propolis ethanol extract was determined as 66.096 ± 1.546 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) / mL sample, dry weight and flavonoid content as 13.375 ± 0.185 quercetin equivalent (QE) / mL sample. An extract rich in phenolic components such as quercetin, p-coumaric acid, feluric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, benzoic acid was obtained. Component analysis showed that propolis ethanolic extract could show preservative efficiency. The presence in the GC-MS analysis of Hypericum perforatum oil that it contains fatty acids widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry clearly demonstrated that the oil can be used safely in cream formulations.
Conclusion:
The test results of the creams prepared using Hypericum perforatum and propolis clearly revealed that the obtained propolis extract provided protective efficacy. The thickener property of PEG400, which is used to ensure homogeneous distribution, reduced the need for an extra thickener additive.

Keywords

Natural Preservative Herbal Cream Propolis Hypericum perforatum L. St. John's wort

Supporting Institution

Duzce University

Project Number

2019.01.01.1033

Thanks

The study was carried out within the scope of the project numbered 2019.01.01.1033, supported by Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Unit. The authors would like to thank Duzce University Scientific Research Projects Unit for financial support.

References

  • Silici S, Kutluca S. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of propolis collected by three different races of honeybees in the same region. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2005;99(1):69-73.
  • Pascual C, Gonzalez R, Torricella R. Scavenging action of propolis extract against oxygen radicals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1994;41(1-2):9-13.
  • Scheller S, Wilczok T, Imielski S, Krol W, Gabrys J, Shani J. Free radical scavenging by ethanol extract of propolis. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 1990;57(3):461-465.
  • Kusano Bucalen Ferrari C, Percário S, Carlos Costa Baptista Silva J, Aparecida Ferraz da Silva Torres E. An apple plus a Brazil nut a day keeps the doctors away: antioxidant capacity of foods and their health benefits. Current pharmaceutical design. 2016;22(2):189-195.
  • Ozdal T, Ceylan FD, Eroglu N, Kaplan M, Olgun EO, Capanoglu E. Investigation of antioxidant capacity, bioaccessibility and LC-MS/MS phenolic profile of Turkish propolis. Food Research International. 2019;122:528-536.
  • Scheller S, Krol W, Owczarek S, Swiacik J, Gabrys J, Shani J. Antitumoral property of ethanolic extract of propolis in mice-bearing Ehrlich carcinoma, as compared to bleomycin. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 1989;44(11-12):1063-1065.
  • Nagai T, Inoue R, Inoue H, Suzuki N. Preparation and antioxidant properties of water extract of propolis. Food chemistry. 2003;80(1):29-33.
  • Atik A, Gümüş T. Propolisin gıda endüstrisinde kullanım olanakları. Akademik Gıda. 2017;15(1):60-65.
  • Nakajima Y, Shimazawa M, Mishima S, Hara H. Water extract of propolis and its main constituents, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, exert neuroprotective effects via antioxidant actions. Life sciences. 2007;80(4):370-377.
  • Marcucci M. Chemical composition, plant origin and biological activity of Brazilian propolis. Current Topics Phytochem. 1999;2:115-123.
  • Burdock G. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food and Chemical toxicology. 1998;36(4):347-363.
  • Arslan S, Silici S, Percin D, Koç AN, Er Ö. Antimicrobial activity of poplar propolis on mutans streptococci and caries development in rats. Turkish Journal of Biology. 2012;36(1):65-73.
  • Bakkaloğlu Z, Arıcı MJAFJAG. Farklı Çözücülerle Propolis Ekstraksiyonunun Toplam Fenolik İçeriği, Antioksidan Kapasite ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivite Üzerine Etkileri. 2019;17(4).
  • Kubiliene L, Laugaliene V, Pavilonis A, et al. Alternative preparation of propolis extracts: comparison of their composition and biological activities. 2015;15(1):156.
  • Raymond C. Rowe PJS, Siân C. Owen. Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients Pharmaceutical Press London. 2006;1.
  • Sönmez M, Seval M. Fitoterapik Yara Bakımında Sarı Kantaron Yağının Etkisi. Journal Academic Studies on Natural. 2019:201.
  • Altan A, Damlar İ, Aras M, Alpaslan CJAKTD. Sarı Kantaronun (Hypericum Perforatum) Yara İyileşmesi Üzerine Etkisi. 2015;24(4):578-591.
  • Greeson JM, Sanford B, Monti DAJP. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): a review of the current pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical literature. 2001;153(4):402-414.
  • Tanaka N, Takaishi YJP. Xanthones from Hypericum chinense. 2006;67(19):2146-2151.
  • Patocka JJJoAB. The chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the biologically active constituents of the herb Hypericum perforatum L. 2003;1(2):61-70.
  • Topal A, Çelebi F. Hiperisin’in İzole Edilmiş Şıçan Midesinde Mide Asit Sekresyonu Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;6(3):201-208.
  • Lavagna SM, Secci D, Chimenti P, Bonsignore L, Ottaviani A, Bizzarri BJIF. Efficacy of Hypericum and Calendula oils in the epithelial reconstruction of surgical wounds in childbirth with caesarean section. 2001;56(5-7):451-453.
  • Öztürk N, Korkmaz S, Öztürk YJJoe. Wound-healing activity of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) on chicken embryonic fibroblasts. 2007;111(1):33-39.
  • Süntar IP, Akkol EK, Yılmazer D, et al. Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum L. 2010;127(2):468-477.
  • Medina MA, Martínez-Poveda B, Amores-Sánchez MI, Quesada ARJLs. Hyperforin: more than an antidepressant bioactive compound? 2006;79(2):105-111.
  • Saddiqe Z, Naeem I, Maimoona AJJoe. A review of the antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L. 2010;131(3):511-521.
  • Süntar I, Akkol EK, Keleş H, Oktem A, Başer KHC, Yeşilada EJJoe. A novel wound healing ointment: a formulation of Hypericum perforatum oil and sage and oregano essential oils based on traditional Turkish knowledge. 2011;134(1):89-96.
  • Boon H, Smith M. The botanical pharmacy: the pharmacology of 47 common herbs. Quarry press; 1999.
  • Fernie WT. Herbal simples approved for modern uses of cure. Vol 19352: Lulu. com; 2006.
  • Kıyan S, Uyanikgil Y, Altunci YA, et al. Investigation of acute effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort-Kantaron) treatment in experimental thermal burns and comparison with silver sulfadiazine treatment. 2015;21(5):323-336.
  • Pekşen M, Kurt A, Soylu S, et al. Comparison of the healing effects of silver sulfadiazine cream 1% and the essential oil of Hypericum perforatum on scald burn wound in a rat model. 2014;3(1):1-8.
  • Yücel A, Kan Y, Yesilada E, Akın OJJoe. Effect of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) oily extract for the care and treatment of pressure sores; a case report. 2017;196:236-241.
  • ISO21149. Cosmetics—Microbiology—Enumeration and Detection of Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria.
  • ISO16212. Cosmetics—Microbiology—Enumeration of Yeast and Mould.
  • ISO18416. Cosmetics—Microbiology—Detection of Candida albicans.
  • ISO22717. Cosmetics —Microbiology—Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • ISO21150. Cosmetics—Microbiology— Detection of Escherichia coli.
  • ISO11930:2012. Cosmetics—Microbiology—Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Protection of a Cosmetic Product.
  • Zhang C, Guo S, Huang CJAJoAC. Determination of compositions in cosmetics by multiple-instrument. 2011;2(8):857.
  • Kalustian PJJotAOCS. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of palm and lauric products. 1985;62(2):431-433.
  • Chen X, Lee K-M, Yoon J-YJBotKCS. A polydiacetylenes-based sensor for discriminating oleic acid from stearic acid and elaidic acid. 2011;32(10):3775-3778.
  • Sun C, Wu Z, Wang Z, Zhang HJE-BC, Medicine A. Effect of ethanol/water solvents on phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of Beijing propolis extracts. 2015;2015.
  • Majeed M, Paliwal P, Mohamed A. New Era in Preservatives–SabiLize®-New. Cosmetic Science Technology. 2012.
  • Smaoui S, Hlima HBJBs. Effects of parabens and isothiazolinone on the microbiological quality of baby shampoo: The challenge test. 2012;17(3):135-142.

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 27 - 35, 15.04.2021

Gülşah Aydın Neslihan Şirin Meral Kekeçoğlu Tuğba Türken Nisa Sipahi Haydar Göksu

Abstract

Project Number

2019.01.01.1033

References

  • Silici S, Kutluca S. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of propolis collected by three different races of honeybees in the same region. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2005;99(1):69-73.
  • Pascual C, Gonzalez R, Torricella R. Scavenging action of propolis extract against oxygen radicals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1994;41(1-2):9-13.
  • Scheller S, Wilczok T, Imielski S, Krol W, Gabrys J, Shani J. Free radical scavenging by ethanol extract of propolis. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 1990;57(3):461-465.
  • Kusano Bucalen Ferrari C, Percário S, Carlos Costa Baptista Silva J, Aparecida Ferraz da Silva Torres E. An apple plus a Brazil nut a day keeps the doctors away: antioxidant capacity of foods and their health benefits. Current pharmaceutical design. 2016;22(2):189-195.
  • Ozdal T, Ceylan FD, Eroglu N, Kaplan M, Olgun EO, Capanoglu E. Investigation of antioxidant capacity, bioaccessibility and LC-MS/MS phenolic profile of Turkish propolis. Food Research International. 2019;122:528-536.
  • Scheller S, Krol W, Owczarek S, Swiacik J, Gabrys J, Shani J. Antitumoral property of ethanolic extract of propolis in mice-bearing Ehrlich carcinoma, as compared to bleomycin. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 1989;44(11-12):1063-1065.
  • Nagai T, Inoue R, Inoue H, Suzuki N. Preparation and antioxidant properties of water extract of propolis. Food chemistry. 2003;80(1):29-33.
  • Atik A, Gümüş T. Propolisin gıda endüstrisinde kullanım olanakları. Akademik Gıda. 2017;15(1):60-65.
  • Nakajima Y, Shimazawa M, Mishima S, Hara H. Water extract of propolis and its main constituents, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, exert neuroprotective effects via antioxidant actions. Life sciences. 2007;80(4):370-377.
  • Marcucci M. Chemical composition, plant origin and biological activity of Brazilian propolis. Current Topics Phytochem. 1999;2:115-123.
  • Burdock G. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food and Chemical toxicology. 1998;36(4):347-363.
  • Arslan S, Silici S, Percin D, Koç AN, Er Ö. Antimicrobial activity of poplar propolis on mutans streptococci and caries development in rats. Turkish Journal of Biology. 2012;36(1):65-73.
  • Bakkaloğlu Z, Arıcı MJAFJAG. Farklı Çözücülerle Propolis Ekstraksiyonunun Toplam Fenolik İçeriği, Antioksidan Kapasite ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivite Üzerine Etkileri. 2019;17(4).
  • Kubiliene L, Laugaliene V, Pavilonis A, et al. Alternative preparation of propolis extracts: comparison of their composition and biological activities. 2015;15(1):156.
  • Raymond C. Rowe PJS, Siân C. Owen. Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients Pharmaceutical Press London. 2006;1.
  • Sönmez M, Seval M. Fitoterapik Yara Bakımında Sarı Kantaron Yağının Etkisi. Journal Academic Studies on Natural. 2019:201.
  • Altan A, Damlar İ, Aras M, Alpaslan CJAKTD. Sarı Kantaronun (Hypericum Perforatum) Yara İyileşmesi Üzerine Etkisi. 2015;24(4):578-591.
  • Greeson JM, Sanford B, Monti DAJP. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): a review of the current pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical literature. 2001;153(4):402-414.
  • Tanaka N, Takaishi YJP. Xanthones from Hypericum chinense. 2006;67(19):2146-2151.
  • Patocka JJJoAB. The chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the biologically active constituents of the herb Hypericum perforatum L. 2003;1(2):61-70.
  • Topal A, Çelebi F. Hiperisin’in İzole Edilmiş Şıçan Midesinde Mide Asit Sekresyonu Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;6(3):201-208.
  • Lavagna SM, Secci D, Chimenti P, Bonsignore L, Ottaviani A, Bizzarri BJIF. Efficacy of Hypericum and Calendula oils in the epithelial reconstruction of surgical wounds in childbirth with caesarean section. 2001;56(5-7):451-453.
  • Öztürk N, Korkmaz S, Öztürk YJJoe. Wound-healing activity of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) on chicken embryonic fibroblasts. 2007;111(1):33-39.
  • Süntar IP, Akkol EK, Yılmazer D, et al. Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum L. 2010;127(2):468-477.
  • Medina MA, Martínez-Poveda B, Amores-Sánchez MI, Quesada ARJLs. Hyperforin: more than an antidepressant bioactive compound? 2006;79(2):105-111.
  • Saddiqe Z, Naeem I, Maimoona AJJoe. A review of the antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L. 2010;131(3):511-521.
  • Süntar I, Akkol EK, Keleş H, Oktem A, Başer KHC, Yeşilada EJJoe. A novel wound healing ointment: a formulation of Hypericum perforatum oil and sage and oregano essential oils based on traditional Turkish knowledge. 2011;134(1):89-96.
  • Boon H, Smith M. The botanical pharmacy: the pharmacology of 47 common herbs. Quarry press; 1999.
  • Fernie WT. Herbal simples approved for modern uses of cure. Vol 19352: Lulu. com; 2006.
  • Kıyan S, Uyanikgil Y, Altunci YA, et al. Investigation of acute effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort-Kantaron) treatment in experimental thermal burns and comparison with silver sulfadiazine treatment. 2015;21(5):323-336.
  • Pekşen M, Kurt A, Soylu S, et al. Comparison of the healing effects of silver sulfadiazine cream 1% and the essential oil of Hypericum perforatum on scald burn wound in a rat model. 2014;3(1):1-8.
  • Yücel A, Kan Y, Yesilada E, Akın OJJoe. Effect of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) oily extract for the care and treatment of pressure sores; a case report. 2017;196:236-241.
  • ISO21149. Cosmetics—Microbiology—Enumeration and Detection of Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria.
  • ISO16212. Cosmetics—Microbiology—Enumeration of Yeast and Mould.
  • ISO18416. Cosmetics—Microbiology—Detection of Candida albicans.
  • ISO22717. Cosmetics —Microbiology—Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • ISO21150. Cosmetics—Microbiology— Detection of Escherichia coli.
  • ISO11930:2012. Cosmetics—Microbiology—Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Protection of a Cosmetic Product.
  • Zhang C, Guo S, Huang CJAJoAC. Determination of compositions in cosmetics by multiple-instrument. 2011;2(8):857.
  • Kalustian PJJotAOCS. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of palm and lauric products. 1985;62(2):431-433.
  • Chen X, Lee K-M, Yoon J-YJBotKCS. A polydiacetylenes-based sensor for discriminating oleic acid from stearic acid and elaidic acid. 2011;32(10):3775-3778.
  • Sun C, Wu Z, Wang Z, Zhang HJE-BC, Medicine A. Effect of ethanol/water solvents on phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of Beijing propolis extracts. 2015;2015.
  • Majeed M, Paliwal P, Mohamed A. New Era in Preservatives–SabiLize®-New. Cosmetic Science Technology. 2012.
  • Smaoui S, Hlima HBJBs. Effects of parabens and isothiazolinone on the microbiological quality of baby shampoo: The challenge test. 2012;17(3):135-142.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gülşah Aydın 0000-0002-5376-0690

Neslihan Şirin 0000-0002-3470-0043

Meral Kekeçoğlu 0000-0002-2564-8343

Tuğba Türken 0000-0003-4449-6696

Nisa Sipahi 0000-0001-8915-3545

Haydar Göksu 0000-0003-4465-3057

Project Number 2019.01.01.1033
Publication Date April 15, 2021
Submission Date October 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aydın, G., Şirin, N., Kekeçoğlu, M., Türken, T., et al. (2021). The Use of Natural Preservative Propolis and Hypericum perforatum Oil in Herbal Cream Production. International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research, 2(1), 27-35.
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