Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 244 - 252, 29.06.2023

İsmail Boyar Tugce Ozsan Can Ertekin Ahmet Naci Onus

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1

Abstract

Keywords

Bitter melon Cucurbitaceae Physical properties Vegetable seed

References

  • Aghkhani, M.H., Miraei Ashtiani, S.H., Baradaran Motie, J., Abbaspour-Fard, M.H. (2012). Physical properties of Christmas Lima bean at different moisture content. Int. Agrophys., 26, 341-346.
  • Akbolat, D., Ertekin, C., Menges, H.O., Ekinci, K., Erdal, I. (2008a). Physical and nutritional properties of jujube growing in Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20, 757-766.
  • Akbolat, D., Ertekin, C., Menges, H.O., Guzel, E., Koyuncu, M.A. (2008b). Physical and nutritional properties of oleaster growing in Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20, 2358-2366.
  • Akman, H.E., Boyar, I., Gozlekci, S., Saracoglu, O., Ertekin, C. (2022). Effects of convective drying of Quince fruit (Cydonia oblonga) on color, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds under various fruit juice dipping pre-treatments. Agriculture, 12(8), 1224.
  • Alayunt, F.N. (2000). Biyolojik Malzeme Bilgisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 541. 132 s. Bornova, İzmir.
  • Altuntas, E., Naneli, İ. (2017). Beyaz ve siyah kinoa tohumlarının eometric, hacimsel ve sürtünme özellikleri. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 6(1), 1-8.
  • Amin, M.N., Hossain, M.A., Roy, K.C. (2004). Effects of moisture content on some physical properties of lentil grains. Journal of Food Engineering. 65, 83–87.
  • Aremu, D.O., Ogunlowo, Q.O., Babajide, N.A., Ogunlade, C.A., Makinde, O.O. (2016). Selected engineering properties of fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) seeds. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 3(4), 4594-4598.
  • Aydin, C., Ozcan, M. (2002). Some physico-mechanic properties of terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) fruits. Journal of Food Engineering, 53(1), 97-101.
  • Aydos, M. (2022). Muşmula (Mespilus germanica) ve kudret narı (Momordica charantia) meyvelerinin fonksiyonel bisküvi üretiminde kullanım imkanları, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, s: 26.
  • Baryeh, E.A. (2002). Physical properties of millet. Journal of Food Engineering. 51, 39–46.
  • Cekim, I., Ozarslan, C. (2020). Marul Tohumunun Bazı Fiziko-Mekanik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 89-97.
  • Celik, A., Ercisli, S., Turgut, N. (2007). Some physical, pomological and nutritional properties of kiwifruit cv. Hayward. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 58(6), 411-418.
  • Dash, A.K., Pradhan, R.C., Das, I.M., Naik, S.N. (2008). Some physical properties of simabouba fruit and kernel. Int. Agrophysics. 22, 111-116.
  • Durgut, F.T. (2008). Çekirdeklik kabağın (Cucurbita pepo L.) hasat ve harmanına yönelik fiziko-mekaniksel özelliklerinin saptanması üzerine bir araştırma, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi.
  • Dursun, E., Dursun, I. (2005). Some physical properties of caper seed. Biosystems Engineering. 92, 237–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.06.003
  • Ekinci, K., Yilmaz, D., Ertekin, C. (2010). Effects of moisture content and compression positions on mechanical properties of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol.5, no.10, 1015-1021.
  • Ertekin, C., Gozlekci, S., Kabas, O., Sonmez, S., Akinci, İ. (2006). Some physical, pomological and nutritional properties of two plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars. Journal of Food Engineering, 75 (4), 2
  • Ertugrul, O., Yilar, M., Kir, H., Komekci, C. (2022). Some physical, chemical, and germination properties of Peganum harmala L. seeds. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 45(2), e13967. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13967
  • Golukcu, M., Toker, R., Ayas, F., Cinar, N. (2014). Some physical and chemical properties of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed and fatty acid composition of seed oil. Derim, 31(1), 17-24.
  • Grover, J., Yadav, S. (2004). Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 93(1), 123–132.
  • Haciseferogullari, H., Gezer, I., Bahtiyarca, Y., Menges, H.O. (2003). Determination of some chemical and physical properties of Sakiz faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major). J. Food Eng. 60(4), 475-479.
  • Kabas, O., Ozmerzi, A., Akinci, I. (2006). Physical Properties of Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus india L.) Grown Wild in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering 73(2), 198-202.
  • Kaleemullah, S., Gunasekar, J.J. (2002). Moisture-Dependent Physical Properties of Arecanut Trues. Biosystem Engineering, 82: 331-338.
  • Kobuk, M., Ekinci, K., Erbas, S. (2019). Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotiplerinin Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg. 22(1), 89-96.
  • Konak, M., Carman, K., Aydin, C. (2002). Physical properties of chick pea seeds. Biosystem Engineering. 82 (1), 73–78.
  • Koocheki, A., Razavi, S.M.A., Milani, E., Moghadam, T.M., Abedini, M., Alamatiyan, S., Izadkhah, S. (2007). Physical properties of watermelon seed as a function of moisture content and variety. International Agrophysics. 21, 349–359.
  • Mohsenin, N.N. (1986). Physical properties of plant and animal material structure, physical characteristics and mechanical properties of 2 AUlf891, Seiten, Zahlr. ABB. Und Tab. Gordon and Breach Science Publisher, New York Press: 140.
  • Obi, O.F., Offorha, L.C. (2015). Moisture-dependent physical properties of melon (Citrullus colocynthis lanatus) seed and kernel relevant in bulk handling. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 1(1), 1020743.
  • Omobuwajo, T.O., Akande, E.A., Sanni, L.A. (1999). Selected Physical, Mechanical and Aerodynamic Properties of African Breadfruit (Treculia africana) Seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 40(4), 241-244.
  • Oyelade, O.J., Odugbenro, P.O., Abioye, A.O., Raji, N.L. (2005). Some Physical Properties of African Star Apple Seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 67(4), 435-440.
  • Ozarslan, C. (2002). Physcial properties of cotton seed. Biosystems Engineering. 83, 169-174.
  • Ozguven, F., Vursavus, K. (2005). Some physical, mechanical and aerodynamic properties of pine (Pinus pinea) nuts. Journal of Food Engineering. 68, 191–196.
  • Paksoy, M., Aydin, C. (2004). Some physical properties of edible squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 65(2), 225-231.
  • Paksoy, M., Aydin, C., Turkmen, O., Seymen, M. (2010). Modeling of some physical properties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (thunb.) mansf.) seeds depending on moisture contents and mineral compositions. Pak. J. Bot, 42(4), 2775-2783.
  • Pradhan, R.C., Said, P.P., Singh, S. (2013). Physical properties of bottle gourd seeds. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 15(1), 106－113.
  • Sacilik, K., Ozturk, R., Keskin, R. (2003). Some Physical Properties of Hemp Seed. Biosystems Engineering, 86(2), 191-198.
  • Saracoglu, T., Ucer, N., Ozyilmaz, U., Ozarslan, C. (2010). Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) çeşidinin sıçrama özellikleri. ADU Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi. 7(1), 87–93.
  • Seyed, M. R., Elnaz, M. (2006). Some physical properties of the watermelon seeds. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(3), 065-069.
  • Suthar, S.H., Das, S.K. (1996). Some physical properties of karingda [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf] seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65(1), 15-22.
  • TUIK, 2023. Turkish Statistical Institute, Plant Production Values, Date of access (10.02.2023), Access link, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/DownloadIstatistikselTablo?p=VeUVJQE/RDrvaZ1jh5lYeAv9CncP0yCV62QCJx38yjzZB9KcFA6CqZkDR1E5Jtv9
  • Unal, H., Alpsoy, H.C., Ayhan, A. (2013). Effect of the moisture content on the physical properties of bitter gourd seed. Int. Agrophys., 2013, 27, 455-461. doi: 10.2478/intag-2013-0016.
  • Vilche, C., Gely, M., Santalla, E. (2003). Physical properties of quinoa grains. Biosystems Engineering. 86(1), 59–65.
  • Yagcioglu, A. (1999). Tarim Urunleri Kurutma Teknigi. Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi Ofset Atelyesi Yayinlari No: 536 s: 26, Bornova, İzmir.
  • Yan, J-K., Wu, L-X., Qiao, Z-R., Cai, W-D., Ma, H. (2019). Effect of different drying methods on the product quality and bioactive polysaccharides of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) slices. Food Chemistry. 271, 588–596
  • Yilar, M., Altuntas, E. (2017). Tek yillik ve çok yillik adacayi (Salvia viridis L., Salvia cryptantha Montbret Et Aucher) tohumlarinin bazi fiziksel ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi, 30(2), 137-141.
  • Yilmaz, G., Altuntas, E. (2020). Some bio-technical properties of flax seeds, fennel seeds and harmal seed capsules. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1(2), 222-232.

Some physical properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds and kernels

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 244 - 252, 29.06.2023

İsmail Boyar Tugce Ozsan Can Ertekin Ahmet Naci Onus

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1

Abstract

A noteworthy member of the Cucurbitaceae family, the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a slender, vine-like annual summer vegetable. Despite the health promoting features, it is among the neglected vegetables in terms of both production values and scientific studies. The current study was aimed to assess some physico-mechanical properties of bitter gourd seeds and kernels viz., sizes, geometric shapes, angle of repose, densities, 1000-seed and kernel weight and, coefficient of friction on several surfaces (aluminum, chrome, iron, plastic, rubber, cardboard, glass and MDF wooden panel) in order to determine to important parameters to design seed sowing machines the materials to be used in storage and their design, the screening/separation/classification processes and the processing of bitter gourd into a commercial product. It has been observed that the seeds of bitter gourd have similar geometrical properties with the seeds of melon, watermelon, squash and cucumber from the Cucurbitaceae family. While closer values were observed in terms of length and width, it was determined that the seeds of bitter gourd were thicker. The lengths, widths, and thicknesses of these seeds/kernels with a moisture content of 16% (w.b.) according to the wet base were found to be 14.176/11.517, 7.562/5.922, and 4.076/2.815 mm, respectively. The angle of repose, thousand grain weight and true density of seeds/kernels were found 28.467/26.982°, 202.931/118.359 g and 0.919/1.659 g/cm3 respectively. Obtained results most likely can serve bitter gourd to be grown in large amounts in different part of the world where the climate is suitable for growing.

Keywords

Bitter melon Cucurbitaceae Physical properties Vegetable seed

References

  • Aghkhani, M.H., Miraei Ashtiani, S.H., Baradaran Motie, J., Abbaspour-Fard, M.H. (2012). Physical properties of Christmas Lima bean at different moisture content. Int. Agrophys., 26, 341-346.
  • Akbolat, D., Ertekin, C., Menges, H.O., Ekinci, K., Erdal, I. (2008a). Physical and nutritional properties of jujube growing in Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20, 757-766.
  • Akbolat, D., Ertekin, C., Menges, H.O., Guzel, E., Koyuncu, M.A. (2008b). Physical and nutritional properties of oleaster growing in Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20, 2358-2366.
  • Akman, H.E., Boyar, I., Gozlekci, S., Saracoglu, O., Ertekin, C. (2022). Effects of convective drying of Quince fruit (Cydonia oblonga) on color, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds under various fruit juice dipping pre-treatments. Agriculture, 12(8), 1224.
  • Alayunt, F.N. (2000). Biyolojik Malzeme Bilgisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 541. 132 s. Bornova, İzmir.
  • Altuntas, E., Naneli, İ. (2017). Beyaz ve siyah kinoa tohumlarının eometric, hacimsel ve sürtünme özellikleri. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 6(1), 1-8.
  • Amin, M.N., Hossain, M.A., Roy, K.C. (2004). Effects of moisture content on some physical properties of lentil grains. Journal of Food Engineering. 65, 83–87.
  • Aremu, D.O., Ogunlowo, Q.O., Babajide, N.A., Ogunlade, C.A., Makinde, O.O. (2016). Selected engineering properties of fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) seeds. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 3(4), 4594-4598.
  • Aydin, C., Ozcan, M. (2002). Some physico-mechanic properties of terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) fruits. Journal of Food Engineering, 53(1), 97-101.
  • Aydos, M. (2022). Muşmula (Mespilus germanica) ve kudret narı (Momordica charantia) meyvelerinin fonksiyonel bisküvi üretiminde kullanım imkanları, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, s: 26.
  • Baryeh, E.A. (2002). Physical properties of millet. Journal of Food Engineering. 51, 39–46.
  • Cekim, I., Ozarslan, C. (2020). Marul Tohumunun Bazı Fiziko-Mekanik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 89-97.
  • Celik, A., Ercisli, S., Turgut, N. (2007). Some physical, pomological and nutritional properties of kiwifruit cv. Hayward. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 58(6), 411-418.
  • Dash, A.K., Pradhan, R.C., Das, I.M., Naik, S.N. (2008). Some physical properties of simabouba fruit and kernel. Int. Agrophysics. 22, 111-116.
  • Durgut, F.T. (2008). Çekirdeklik kabağın (Cucurbita pepo L.) hasat ve harmanına yönelik fiziko-mekaniksel özelliklerinin saptanması üzerine bir araştırma, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi.
  • Dursun, E., Dursun, I. (2005). Some physical properties of caper seed. Biosystems Engineering. 92, 237–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.06.003
  • Ekinci, K., Yilmaz, D., Ertekin, C. (2010). Effects of moisture content and compression positions on mechanical properties of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol.5, no.10, 1015-1021.
  • Ertekin, C., Gozlekci, S., Kabas, O., Sonmez, S., Akinci, İ. (2006). Some physical, pomological and nutritional properties of two plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars. Journal of Food Engineering, 75 (4), 2
  • Ertugrul, O., Yilar, M., Kir, H., Komekci, C. (2022). Some physical, chemical, and germination properties of Peganum harmala L. seeds. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 45(2), e13967. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13967
  • Golukcu, M., Toker, R., Ayas, F., Cinar, N. (2014). Some physical and chemical properties of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed and fatty acid composition of seed oil. Derim, 31(1), 17-24.
  • Grover, J., Yadav, S. (2004). Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 93(1), 123–132.
  • Haciseferogullari, H., Gezer, I., Bahtiyarca, Y., Menges, H.O. (2003). Determination of some chemical and physical properties of Sakiz faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major). J. Food Eng. 60(4), 475-479.
  • Kabas, O., Ozmerzi, A., Akinci, I. (2006). Physical Properties of Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus india L.) Grown Wild in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering 73(2), 198-202.
  • Kaleemullah, S., Gunasekar, J.J. (2002). Moisture-Dependent Physical Properties of Arecanut Trues. Biosystem Engineering, 82: 331-338.
  • Kobuk, M., Ekinci, K., Erbas, S. (2019). Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotiplerinin Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg. 22(1), 89-96.
  • Konak, M., Carman, K., Aydin, C. (2002). Physical properties of chick pea seeds. Biosystem Engineering. 82 (1), 73–78.
  • Koocheki, A., Razavi, S.M.A., Milani, E., Moghadam, T.M., Abedini, M., Alamatiyan, S., Izadkhah, S. (2007). Physical properties of watermelon seed as a function of moisture content and variety. International Agrophysics. 21, 349–359.
  • Mohsenin, N.N. (1986). Physical properties of plant and animal material structure, physical characteristics and mechanical properties of 2 AUlf891, Seiten, Zahlr. ABB. Und Tab. Gordon and Breach Science Publisher, New York Press: 140.
  • Obi, O.F., Offorha, L.C. (2015). Moisture-dependent physical properties of melon (Citrullus colocynthis lanatus) seed and kernel relevant in bulk handling. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 1(1), 1020743.
  • Omobuwajo, T.O., Akande, E.A., Sanni, L.A. (1999). Selected Physical, Mechanical and Aerodynamic Properties of African Breadfruit (Treculia africana) Seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 40(4), 241-244.
  • Oyelade, O.J., Odugbenro, P.O., Abioye, A.O., Raji, N.L. (2005). Some Physical Properties of African Star Apple Seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 67(4), 435-440.
  • Ozarslan, C. (2002). Physcial properties of cotton seed. Biosystems Engineering. 83, 169-174.
  • Ozguven, F., Vursavus, K. (2005). Some physical, mechanical and aerodynamic properties of pine (Pinus pinea) nuts. Journal of Food Engineering. 68, 191–196.
  • Paksoy, M., Aydin, C. (2004). Some physical properties of edible squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 65(2), 225-231.
  • Paksoy, M., Aydin, C., Turkmen, O., Seymen, M. (2010). Modeling of some physical properties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (thunb.) mansf.) seeds depending on moisture contents and mineral compositions. Pak. J. Bot, 42(4), 2775-2783.
  • Pradhan, R.C., Said, P.P., Singh, S. (2013). Physical properties of bottle gourd seeds. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 15(1), 106－113.
  • Sacilik, K., Ozturk, R., Keskin, R. (2003). Some Physical Properties of Hemp Seed. Biosystems Engineering, 86(2), 191-198.
  • Saracoglu, T., Ucer, N., Ozyilmaz, U., Ozarslan, C. (2010). Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) çeşidinin sıçrama özellikleri. ADU Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi. 7(1), 87–93.
  • Seyed, M. R., Elnaz, M. (2006). Some physical properties of the watermelon seeds. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(3), 065-069.
  • Suthar, S.H., Das, S.K. (1996). Some physical properties of karingda [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf] seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65(1), 15-22.
  • TUIK, 2023. Turkish Statistical Institute, Plant Production Values, Date of access (10.02.2023), Access link, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/DownloadIstatistikselTablo?p=VeUVJQE/RDrvaZ1jh5lYeAv9CncP0yCV62QCJx38yjzZB9KcFA6CqZkDR1E5Jtv9
  • Unal, H., Alpsoy, H.C., Ayhan, A. (2013). Effect of the moisture content on the physical properties of bitter gourd seed. Int. Agrophys., 2013, 27, 455-461. doi: 10.2478/intag-2013-0016.
  • Vilche, C., Gely, M., Santalla, E. (2003). Physical properties of quinoa grains. Biosystems Engineering. 86(1), 59–65.
  • Yagcioglu, A. (1999). Tarim Urunleri Kurutma Teknigi. Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi Ofset Atelyesi Yayinlari No: 536 s: 26, Bornova, İzmir.
  • Yan, J-K., Wu, L-X., Qiao, Z-R., Cai, W-D., Ma, H. (2019). Effect of different drying methods on the product quality and bioactive polysaccharides of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) slices. Food Chemistry. 271, 588–596
  • Yilar, M., Altuntas, E. (2017). Tek yillik ve çok yillik adacayi (Salvia viridis L., Salvia cryptantha Montbret Et Aucher) tohumlarinin bazi fiziksel ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi, 30(2), 137-141.
  • Yilmaz, G., Altuntas, E. (2020). Some bio-technical properties of flax seeds, fennel seeds and harmal seed capsules. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1(2), 222-232.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İsmail Boyar 0000-0001-6703-6022

Tugce Ozsan 0000-0002-3265-6886

Can Ertekin 0000-0003-2987-2438

Ahmet Naci Onus 0000-0001-8615-1480

Early Pub Date May 24, 2023
Publication Date June 29, 2023
Submission Date February 17, 2023
Acceptance Date April 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Boyar, İ., Ozsan, T., Ertekin, C., Onus, A. N. (2023). Some physical properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds and kernels. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 7(2), 244-252. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1
AMA Boyar İ, Ozsan T, Ertekin C, Onus AN. Some physical properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds and kernels. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. June 2023;7(2):244-252. doi:10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1
Chicago Boyar, İsmail, Tugce Ozsan, Can Ertekin, and Ahmet Naci Onus. “Some Physical Properties of Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.) Seeds and Kernels”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 2023): 244-52. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1.
EndNote Boyar İ, Ozsan T, Ertekin C, Onus AN (June 1, 2023) Some physical properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds and kernels. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 7 2 244–252.
IEEE İ. Boyar, T. Ozsan, C. Ertekin, and A. N. Onus, “Some physical properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds and kernels”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 244–252, 2023, doi: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1.
ISNAD Boyar, İsmail et al. “Some Physical Properties of Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.) Seeds and Kernels”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 7/2 (June 2023), 244-252. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1.
JAMA Boyar İ, Ozsan T, Ertekin C, Onus AN. Some physical properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds and kernels. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2023;7:244–252.
MLA Boyar, İsmail et al. “Some Physical Properties of Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.) Seeds and Kernels”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, 2023, pp. 244-52, doi:10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1.
Vancouver Boyar İ, Ozsan T, Ertekin C, Onus AN. Some physical properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds and kernels. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2023;7(2):244-52.
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