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Determination of the Presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Phenotypic Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Budgerigars and Parrots

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 372 - 375, 28.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.938912

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and phenotypically carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), acquired-AmpC beta-lactamase, and multiple antibiotic resistance of the isolates in the faeces of budgerigars and parrots. A total of 96 faecal samples belonging to 54 budgerigars and 42 parrots were used in the study. Cultivation was performed on various media for the identification of Klebsiella pneuomiae from the collected stool samples. Biochemical properties of the suspect isolates were determined using conventional methods. Besides, antibiotic susceptibility tests and ESBL, carbapenem, acquired AmpC screening and confirmation tests were applied to the identified isolates to phenotypically determine beta-lactam resistance. Beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulphonamide groups were used to determine the multidrug resistance. Isolates with resistance to 3 or more of the antibiotic and Sulphonamide groups were accepted as multidrug-resistant isolates. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 2 (3.7%) of 54 budgerigars, and 1 (2.3%) of 42 parrot faecal samples from 3 (3.1%) of 96 faecal samples in total. No phenotypic resistance was detected in any of the isolates as a result of screening and confirming tests for ESBL, carbapenem, and acquired-AmpC resistance to determine phenotypic antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Multidrug resistance was detected in only one isolate. The presence of multi-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in cage birds that have close relationships with humans has been revealed.

References

  • Ahmed, H. A., Awad, N. F., Abd El-Hamid, M. I., Shaker, A., Mohamed, R. E., & Elsohaby, I. (2021). Pet birds as potential reservoirs of virulent and antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 75, 101606.
  • Ajayi, A., & Egbebi, A. (2011). Antibiotic sucseptibility of Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae from poultry and local birds in ado-ekiti, ekiti-state, Nigeria. Annals of Biological Research, 2(3), 431-437.
  • CLSI 2014. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, CLSI, Wayne, Pennsylvania. M100–S124.
  • CLSI, 2018. M100S 28th Edition. Wayne, PA:Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. London: Wolfe Publishing; 1994. p. 42–126.
  • Davies, Y. M., Cunha, M. P. V., Oliveira, M. G. X., Oliveira, M. C. V., Philadelpho, N., Romero, D. C., ... & Knöbl, T. (2016). Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from passerine and psittacine birds. Avian Pathology, 45(2), 194-201.
  • de Jong, A., Simjee, S., El Garch, F., Moyaert, H., Rose, M., Youala, M., ... & EASSA Study Group. (2018). Antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci recovered from healthy cattle, pigs and chickens in nine EU countries (EASSA Study) to critically important antibiotics. Veterinary microbiology, 216, 168-175.
  • European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST).“Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 5.0, January 2015”. www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/
  • Fedorka-Cray, P. J., Headrick, M. L., & Tollefson, L. (2005). The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). OIE International Standards on Antimicrobial Resistance, 200.
  • Krieg, N., & Holt, J. (2005). Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods. Family i. Enterobacteriaceae. Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1, 408-420.
  • Machado, D. N. (2015). Pesquisa de enterobactérias em periquitos cara-suja (pyrrhura griseipectus) de vida livre e de cativeiro fortaleza-ceará 2015.
  • Riwu, K. H. P., Effendi, M. H., & Rantam, F. A. (2020). A review of extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and multidrug resistant (MDR) on companion animals. Syst Rev Pharm, 11(7), 270-277.
  • Rueanghiran, C., Sutasha, K., Pongkerdlap, K., Treeratsakulchai, N., Asawawongsawat, P., Latchanon, M., . . . Thongyuan, S. (2019). Patterns of antimicrobial resistance bacteria from respiratory tract of psittacine pet birds in thailand. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 79, 71.
  • Sigirci, B. D., Celik, B., Kahraman, B. B., Bagcigil, A. F., & Ak, S. (2019). Tetracycline resistance of enterobacteriaceae isolated from feces of synanthropic birds. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 28, 13-18.
  • Sigirci, B. D., Celik, B., Halac, B., Adiguzel, M. C., Kekec, I., Metiner, K., . . . Ak, S. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance profiles of escherichia coli isolated from companion birds. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 32(1), 1069-1073.
  • Steger, L., Rinder, M., & Korbel, R. (2020). Phenotypical antibiotic resistances of bacteriological isolates originating from pet, zoo and falconry birds. Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/heimtiere, 48(4), 260-269.
  • Teuber, M. (2001). Veterinary use and antibiotic resistance. Current opinion in microbiology, 4(5), 493-499.
  • Yame, D. (2017). Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of klebsiella spp. Isolated from psittacine birds with respiratory disease. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from psittacine birds with respiratory disease.

Muhabbet Kuşu ve Papağanlarda Klebsiella pneumonia Varlığının ve Fenotipik Direnç Profillerinin Saptanması

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 372 - 375, 28.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.938912

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, muhabbet kuşu ve papağan dışkılarında Klebsiella pneumoniae varlığının ve fenotipik karbepenemaz, genişletilmiş spektrumlu β-laktamaz, kazanılmış- AmpC, beta-laktam ve çoklu antibiyotik direncinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, 54’ü muhabbet kuşuna, 42’si papağana ait toplam 96 dışkı örneği kullanıldı. Toplanan dışkı örneklerinden K. pneuomiae, çeşitli besiyerleri kullanılarak izole edildi. Şüpheli izolatların biyokimyasal özellikleri konvansiyonel yöntemlerle belirlendi. Ayrıca beta-laktam direncini fenotipik olarak belirlemek için belirlenen izolatlara antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri ve ESBL, karbapenem, edinilmiş AmpC tarama ve doğrulama testleri uygulandı. Çoklu ilaç direncini belirlemek için beta-laktam, aminoglikozid, florokinolon, tetrasiklin, kloramfenikol ve sülfonamid grupları kullanıldı. 3 veya daha fazla antibiyotik ve sülfonamid grubuna dirençli izolatlar çoklu ilaç direncine sahip izolatlar olarak kabul edildi. Klebsiella pneumonia, 54 muhabbet kuşu dışkı örneğinin 2’sinden (%3,7), 42 papağan dışkı örneğinin 1’inden (%2,3) olmak üzere toplamda 96 dışkı örneğinin 3’ünden (%3,1) izole edildi. İzolatların fenotipik antibiyotik direncini belirlemek için ESBL, karbapenem ve edinilmiş AmpC direncinin taranması ve doğrulanması sonucunda izolatların hiçbirinde fenotipik direnç saptanmadı. Yalnızca bir izolatta çoklu ilaç direnci tespit edildi. İnsanlarla yakın ilişkileri olan kafes kuşlarında çoklu ilaç direncine sahip Klebsiella pneumoniae'nin varlığı ortaya konuldu.

References

  • Ahmed, H. A., Awad, N. F., Abd El-Hamid, M. I., Shaker, A., Mohamed, R. E., & Elsohaby, I. (2021). Pet birds as potential reservoirs of virulent and antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 75, 101606.
  • Ajayi, A., & Egbebi, A. (2011). Antibiotic sucseptibility of Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae from poultry and local birds in ado-ekiti, ekiti-state, Nigeria. Annals of Biological Research, 2(3), 431-437.
  • CLSI 2014. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, CLSI, Wayne, Pennsylvania. M100–S124.
  • CLSI, 2018. M100S 28th Edition. Wayne, PA:Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. London: Wolfe Publishing; 1994. p. 42–126.
  • Davies, Y. M., Cunha, M. P. V., Oliveira, M. G. X., Oliveira, M. C. V., Philadelpho, N., Romero, D. C., ... & Knöbl, T. (2016). Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from passerine and psittacine birds. Avian Pathology, 45(2), 194-201.
  • de Jong, A., Simjee, S., El Garch, F., Moyaert, H., Rose, M., Youala, M., ... & EASSA Study Group. (2018). Antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci recovered from healthy cattle, pigs and chickens in nine EU countries (EASSA Study) to critically important antibiotics. Veterinary microbiology, 216, 168-175.
  • European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST).“Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 5.0, January 2015”. www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/
  • Fedorka-Cray, P. J., Headrick, M. L., & Tollefson, L. (2005). The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). OIE International Standards on Antimicrobial Resistance, 200.
  • Krieg, N., & Holt, J. (2005). Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods. Family i. Enterobacteriaceae. Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1, 408-420.
  • Machado, D. N. (2015). Pesquisa de enterobactérias em periquitos cara-suja (pyrrhura griseipectus) de vida livre e de cativeiro fortaleza-ceará 2015.
  • Riwu, K. H. P., Effendi, M. H., & Rantam, F. A. (2020). A review of extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and multidrug resistant (MDR) on companion animals. Syst Rev Pharm, 11(7), 270-277.
  • Rueanghiran, C., Sutasha, K., Pongkerdlap, K., Treeratsakulchai, N., Asawawongsawat, P., Latchanon, M., . . . Thongyuan, S. (2019). Patterns of antimicrobial resistance bacteria from respiratory tract of psittacine pet birds in thailand. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 79, 71.
  • Sigirci, B. D., Celik, B., Kahraman, B. B., Bagcigil, A. F., & Ak, S. (2019). Tetracycline resistance of enterobacteriaceae isolated from feces of synanthropic birds. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 28, 13-18.
  • Sigirci, B. D., Celik, B., Halac, B., Adiguzel, M. C., Kekec, I., Metiner, K., . . . Ak, S. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance profiles of escherichia coli isolated from companion birds. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 32(1), 1069-1073.
  • Steger, L., Rinder, M., & Korbel, R. (2020). Phenotypical antibiotic resistances of bacteriological isolates originating from pet, zoo and falconry birds. Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/heimtiere, 48(4), 260-269.
  • Teuber, M. (2001). Veterinary use and antibiotic resistance. Current opinion in microbiology, 4(5), 493-499.
  • Yame, D. (2017). Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of klebsiella spp. Isolated from psittacine birds with respiratory disease. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from psittacine birds with respiratory disease.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ilgın Kekeç 0000-0002-0821-8376

Barış Halaç 0000-0002-3067-9937

Beren Başaran This is me 0000-0002-1736-093X

Seyyal Ak 0000-0002-6687-8401

Publication Date September 28, 2021
Submission Date May 24, 2021
Acceptance Date June 22, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kekeç, I., Halaç, B., Başaran, B., Ak, S. (2021). Determination of the Presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Phenotypic Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Budgerigars and Parrots. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(3), 372-375. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.938912


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