Research Article
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Scientists’ Technology Acceptance of Crowdfunding in Turkey: The Moderating Effect of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 53 - 80, 01.06.2021

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the empirical study is to test the technology acceptance model constructs in the context of
science crowdfunding with the moderating effect of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation.
Methodology: The study tested the relationships between technology acceptance model constructs with the moderating effect of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation with path analysis. 152 valid responses were gathered from an online
survey conducted between September 2019- February 2020 and the data was analysed with Smart PLS 3.0 software.
Findings: The results show that the performance expectancy has a positive effect on the behavioural intention to use
science crowdfunding. Moreover, social influence has the strongest effect on the behavioural intention. Regarding the
interaction effects, when the academics possess more innovativeness, risk-taking and proactiveness thus individual entrepreneurial orientation exists, the effect of social influence on the behavioral intention is much stronger
Practical Implications: The overall structural model suggests that in a limited research funding environment, when academics are exposed to science crowdfunding options in a positive and systematic manner, they might be open for starting
crowdfunding research projects in this medium because of the social influence. If the academics possess an entrepreneurial
profile, they will engage more in the science crowdfunding efforts, which may be effective in the project funding success.
Originality: Although entrepreneurial orientation has been used to explain technology acceptance behaviour and technology acceptance model has been used to understand crowdfunding behaviour, this study is the first initiative to
measure how individual entrepreneurial orientation of academics will shape their technology acceptance behaviour in
science crowdfunding which is critical for entrepreneurial academics to access alternative funds in order to eliminate
financial constraints for their innovative and entrepreneurial endeavours.

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Türkiye’de Kitle Fonlamasının Bilim İnsanları Tarafından Teknoloji Kabulü: Bireysel Girişimcilik Eğiliminin Düzenleyici Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 53 - 80, 01.06.2021

Abstract

Amaç: Bu ampirik çalışmanın amacı, Bireysel Girişimcilik Eğiliminin düzenleyici etkisi ile bilim kitle fonlaması bağlamında
teknoloji kabul modeli yapılarını test etmektir.
Yöntem: Çalışma, yol analizi ile Bireysel Girişimcilik Eğiliminin düzenleyici etkisi ile teknoloji kabul modeli yapıları arasındaki ilişkileri test etmiştir. Eylül 2019-Şubat 2020 arasında gerçekleştirilen çevrimiçi bir anketten 152 geçerli yanıt
toplanmış ve veriler Smart PLS 3.0 yazılımı ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Sonuçlar, performans beklentisinin, bilim kitle fonlamasını kullanma davranışsal niyeti üzerinde olumlu bir
etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Dahası, sosyal etki davranışsal niyet üzerinde en güçlü etkiye sahiptir. Düzenleyici
değişkenlerin etkileri ile ilgili olarak, akademisyenler daha fazla yenilikçiliğe, risk almaya ve proaktiviteye sahip olduklarında ve dolayısıyla bireysel girişimci yönelimi olduğunda, sosyal etkinin davranışsal niyet üzerindeki etkisi çok daha güçlüdür.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Genel yapısal model, sınırlı bir araştırma fonu ortamında, akademisyenler pozitif ve sistematik bir
şekilde bilim kitle fonlaması seçeneklerine maruz kaldıklarında, sosyal etkinin bir sonucu olarak bu ortamda kitle fonlaması araştırma projeleri başlatmaya açık olabileceklerini göstermektedir. Akademisyenler girişimci bir profile sahipse, proje
finansmanı başarısında etkili olabilecek bilim kitle fonlaması çabalarına daha fazla katılırlar.
Özgün Değer: Daha önceki çalışmalarda her ne kadar teknoloji kabul davranışını açıklamak için girişimcilik eğilimi kullanılmış ve kitle fonlaması davranışını anlamak için teknoloji kabul modeli kullanılmış olsa da, bu çalışma akademisyenlerin
bireysel girişimcilik eğilimlerinin bilim kitle fonlamasında teknoloji kabul davranışlarını nasıl şekillendireceğini ölçen için ilk
çalışmadır. Çalışma, girişimci akademisyenlerin yenilikçi ve girişimci çabalarında finansal kısıtlamaları ortadan kaldırmaya
yönelik olarak, alternatif fonlara erişmeleri için kritik öneme sahiptir.

References

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  • Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1977), “Attitude-Behavior Relations: A Theoretical Analysis and Review of Empirical Research”, Psychological Bulletin. American Psychological Association, 84(5), 888.
  • Aleksina, A., Akulenka, S. and Lublóy, Á. (2019), “Success Factors of Crowdfunding Campaigns in Medical Research: Perceptions and Reality”, Drug Discovery Today. Elsevier Current Trends, 24(7), 1413–1420.
  • Anderson, B. S., Kreiser, P. M., Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S. and Eshima, Y. (2015), “Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial orientation’, Strategic Management Journal, 36(10), 1579–1596.
  • Bolton, D. L. and Lane, M. D. (2012), ‘Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Development of a Measurement Instrument’, Education and Training, 54(2–3), 219–233.
  • Bouncken, R. B. and Komorek, M. (2015), ‘The Clute Institute Crowdfunding: The Current State Of Research’, International Business & Economics Research Journal, 14(3), 407–417.
  • Bozeman, B. and Gaughan, M. (2007), ‘Impacts of Grants and Contracts on Academic Researchers’ Interactions With Industry’, Research Policy, 36(5), 694–707.
  • Brem, A., Bilgram, V. and Marchuk, A. (2019), ‘How Crowdfunding Platforms Change The Nature of User Innovation – From Problem Solving To Entrepreneurship’, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 348–360.
  • Byrnes, J. E. K., Ranganathan, J., Walker, B. L. E. and Faulkes, Z. (2014), “To Crowdfund Research, Scientists Must Build an Audience for Their Work”, PLoS ONE. Edited by R. Huerta-Quintanilla. Public Library of Science, 9(12).
  • Cameron, P., Corne, D W., Mason, C. E. and Rosenfeld, J. (2013), “Crowdfunding Genomics and Bioinformatics”, Genome Biology, 14(9), 134.
  • Cho, Y. H. and Lee, J.-H. (2018), “Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurial Education and Performance”, Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 124–134.
  • Dahlhausen, K., Krebs, B. L., Watters, J. V. and Ganz, H. H. (2016), “Crowdfunding Campaigns Help Researchers Launch Projects and Generate Outreach”, Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 17(1), 32–37.
  • Daldrup, V., Krahl, O. and Bürger, R. (2020), “Is Crowdfunding Suitable for Financing German Public Research Organization (PRO) Projects?”,Contemporary Developments Entrepreneurial Finance. Springer, 309–333.
  • Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P. and Warshaw, P. R. (1989), “User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models”, Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003.
  • Dess, G. G. and Lumpkin, G. T. (2005), “The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Stimulating Effective Corporate Entrepreneurship”, Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(1), 147–156.
  • Doyle, G., Kelly, R. and O’Donohoe, S. (2016) “Resource Dependence as a Mechanism for Survival: The Case of the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital”, VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 27(4), 1871–1893.
  • Fehrer, J. A. and Nenonen, S. (2019), “Crowdfunding Networks: Structure, dynamics and Critical Capabilities”, Industrial Marketing Management, 88, 449-464.
  • Gaggioli, A. and Riva, G. (2008), “Working The Crowd.”, Science, 321(5895), 1443.
  • García-Villaverde, P. M., Rodrigo-Alarcon, J., Parra-Requena, G. and Ruiz-Ortega, M.J. (2018), “Technological Dynamism and Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Heterogeneous Effects of Social Capital”, Journal of Business Research, 83, 51–64.
  • Garson, G. D. (2016), “Partial Least Squares. Regression and structural equation models”, Statistical Publishing Associates. Goldfarb, B. (2008), “The Effect of Government Contracting on Academic Research:
  • Does The Source of Funding Affect Scientific Output?”, Research Policy, 37(1), 41–58.
  • Gulati, R. and Sytch, M. (2007), “Dependence Asymmetry and Joint Dependence in Interorganizational Relationships: Effects of Embeddedness on a Manufacturer’s Performance in Procurement Relationships”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 32–69.
  • Gupta, V. K., Niranjan, S., Goktan, A. B. and Erikson, J. (2016), “Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation Role in Shaping Reactions to New Technologies”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(4), 935–961.
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. M. T., Ringle, C. and Srstedt, M. (2016), “A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM”). Sage publications.
  • Hawkes, D. and Thomson, M. (2015), “Clinical trials: Crowdfunded Trials Doubly Scrutinized”, Nature, 528(7582), 333–333. Henseler, J., Hubona, G. and Ray, P. A. (2016), “Using PLS Path Modeling in New Technology Research: Updated Guidelines”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2-20.
  • Hillman, A. J., Withers, M. C. and Collins, B. J. (2009), “Resource Dependence Theory: A Review”, Journal of Management, 35(6), 1404–1427.
  • Hui, J. S. and Gerber, E. M. (2015), “Crowdfunding Science”, in Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing - CSCW ’15. New York, USA: ACM Press, 31–43.
  • Ikkatai, Y., McKay, E. and Yokoyama, H. M. (2018), “Science Created by Crowds: A Case Study of Science Crowdfunding in Japan”, Journal of Science Communication, 17(03), A06.
  • Jackson, J. D., Mun, Y. Y. and Park, J. S. (2013), “An Empirical Test of Three Mediation Models for The Relationship Between Personal Innovativeness and User Acceptance of Technology”, Information & Management, 50(4), 154–161.
  • K. L. Lau, B. C. Chew, A. Maliki, H. H. (2016), “Crowdfunding for Academic Projects: A Case in Public Universities of Malaysia”. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (JAMT), 12(1), 273-284.
  • Koe, W. L. (2016), “The Relationship Between Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) and Entrepreneurial Intention”, Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 6(1), 13.
  • Kollmann, T., Christofor, J. and Kuckertz, A. (2007), “Explaining Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Conceptualisation of A Cross-Cultural Research Framework”, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 4(3), 325..
  • Langkamp Bolton, D. and Lane, M. D. (2012), “Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Development of A Measurement Instrument”, Education+ Training, 54(2/3), 219–233.
  • Lee, Y., Kozar, K. A. and Larsen, K. R. T. (2003), “The Technology Acceptance Model: Past, Present, and Future”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 12.
  • Lumpkin, G. T. and Dess, G. G. (1996), “Clarifying The Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance”, Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.
  • Malatesta, D. and Smith, C. R. (2014), “Lessons from Resource Dependence Theory for Contemporary Public and Nonprofit Management”, Public Administration Review, 74(1), 14–25.
  • Miller, D. (1983), “The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms”, Management, 29(7), pp. 770–791.
  • Mollick, E. (2014), “The Dynamics of Crowdfunding: An Exploratory Study”, Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 1–16.
  • Mollick, E. and Robb, A. (2016) “Democratizing Innovation and Capital Access: The Role of Crowdfunding”, California Management Review, 58(2), 72–87.
  • Muscio, A., Quaglione, D. and Vallanti, G. (2013), ‘Does Government Funding Complement or Substitute Private Research Funding to Universities?’, Research Policy, 42(1), 63–75.
  • Nienhüser, W. (2008) ‘Resource Dependence Theory - How Well Does It Explain Behavior of Organizations?’, Management Revue., 9–32. doi: 10.2307/41783569.
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There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Operation
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ufuk Gür This is me 0000-0002-1820-009X

Burak Özdoğan 0000-0002-8504-5085

Publication Date June 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gür, U., & Özdoğan, B. (2021). Türkiye’de Kitle Fonlamasının Bilim İnsanları Tarafından Teknoloji Kabulü: Bireysel Girişimcilik Eğiliminin Düzenleyici Etkisi. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 10(1), 53-80.