The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region

Süleyman Temel; Mustafa Tan

Research Article

The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 77 - 86, 30.06.2013

Süleyman Temel Mustafa Tan

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the growth patterns of shrub species in maquis in the district of Erdemli-Mersin in Turkey. Different altitudes and slope aspects are discussed as factor since the growth pat- terns are expected to change in accordance with altitude and aspect. The experimental design with three different altitudes (0-400 m, 400-800 m and over 800 m) and two slope aspects (north and south) was determined according to sampling method without plot. The phenological growth patterns of the existing shrub and semi-shrub species in vegetation were observed during the period of april 2005 to april 2007. Observations were conducted once a week in the periods when plant growth is fast and at least twice a month in other growth periods. Totally 38 shrub species were found in six sample elds with tree repitition at different altitudes and aspects. However, in this article, phe- nological observations of 26 species that are mostly preferred by animals and that have high density were recorded. The growth patterns of existing shrub species differed according to species. It was determined that while shrub species’ growth patterns are obviously different in terms of altitude, any difference at the same level did not ocur in terms of aspects. At low altitude (0-400 m), the species completed their phenological growth earlier than other altitudes. Therefore, it was determined that the species reach the grazing maturity earlier at low altitudes.

Keywords

Shrub species, growth pattern, altitude, slope aspect

References

Angell, R.F., Miller, R.F., Haferkamp, M.R., 1990. Variability of crude protein in crested wheat grass at de ned stages of phe- nology. Journal of Range Management, 43: 186-l89.
Anonim, 2007. T.C. Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Ve- rileri, Ankara.
Atalay, İ., 1987. Sedir (Cedrus libani A. Rich) ormanlarının yayılış gösterdiği alanlar ve yakın çevresinin genel ekolojik özellik- leri ile sedir tohum transfer rejiyonlaması. Orman Genel Mü- dürlüğü Yayın No: 663, Ankara.
Chmielewski, F.M., Rotzer, T., 2001. Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe. Agricultural and Forest Meteo- rology, 108: 101-112.
Çepel, N., 1978. OrmanEkolojisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fa- kültesi Yayın İstanbul.
Estrella, N., 2000. On modelling of phenological autumn phases. In Menzel, A.: Progress in Phenology: Monitoring, data analysis, and global change impacts. Conference Abstract Booklet 49.
Fitter, A.H., Fitter, R.S.R., Haris, I.T.B., Williamson, M.H., 1995. Relationships between rst owering date and temperature in the ora of a locality in central England. Functional Ecology, 9: 55-60.
Gutman, M., Henkin, Z., Hlzer, Z., 1999. Comparative performance of beef cattle on herbaceous and woody vegetation. Grassland and Science in Europe, 4: 365-371.
Güven, M., 1997. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde havza ıslahında kulla- nılabilecek önemli ağaç ve çalı türleri. Doğu Anadolu Orman Araştırma Dergisi, 1: 28-40.
Harley, P.C., Tenhunen, J.D., Beyschlag, W., Lange, O.L., 1987. Se- asonal changes in net photosynthesis rates and photosynthetic capacity in leaves of Cistus salvifolius, a European mediterra- nean semi-deciduous shrub. Oecologia, 74(3): 380-388.
Karabulut, A., Canbolat, O., Özkan, C.O., Kamalak, A., 2006. Po- tential nutritive value of some Mediterranean shrub and tree leaves as emergency food for sheep in winter. Livestock Rese- arch for Rural Development, 18(6). Kemp, P.R., 1983. Phenological patterns of chihuahuan desert plants in relation to the timing of water availability. J. Eco- logy, 71: 427-436.
Kummerow, J., 1989. Structural Aspects of Shrubs in Mediterranean- Type Plant Communities. Options Mediterraneennes-Serie Seminaires, 3: 5-11.
Kurt, F., 2000. Mersin-Tarsus-Çamlıyayla Arasında Marnlı Ana- kaya Üzerindeki Maki Vejetasyonun Bitki Ekolojisi ve Bitki Sosyolojisi Yönünden Araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Le Houerou, H.N., 1998. Environmental Aspects of Fodder Trees and Shrubs Plantation in The Mediterranean Basin. Fodder Shrubs: Their Role In Mediterranean and Semiarid Land De- velopment and Environmental Conservation. Institut Agrono- mique Et Veterinaire Hasan II, Rabat, 51 p.
Maak, K., Storch, H.V., 1997. Statistical downscaling of monthly mean air temperature to the beginning of owering of Galant- hus nivalis L. in Northern Germany. International Journal of Biometeorol, 41: 5-12.
Martins-Loucao, M.A., 1985. Estudos siologicos e microbiologi- cos da associacao da alfarrobeira (Ceratonia siliqua, L.) com bacterias de Rhizobiacease. PhD Thesis Diss., University, Lis- boa, Portugal.
Platis, P.D., Papanastasis, V.P., 2003. Relationship between shrub cover and available forage in Mediterranean shrublands. Ag- roforestry Systems 57(1): 59-67.
Silva-Pando, F.J., Gonzalez Hernandez, M.P., Castro Garcia, P., 1999. Nutritional characteristics of some common woody plants in shrublands of Galicia (northwest iberian peninsula). Grassland and Science in Europe, 4: 121-125.
Spano, D., Cesaraccio, C., Duce, P., Snyder, R.L., 1999. Phenologi- cal stages of natural species and their use as climate indicators. International Journal of Biometeorol, 42: 124-133.
Sparks, T.H., Jeffree, E.P., Jeffree, C.E., 2000. An examination of relationship between owering times and temperature at the national scale using long-term phonological record from the UK. International Journal Biometeorol, 44: 82-87.
Yaltırık, F., 1993. Dendroloji Ders Kitabı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Or- man Fakültesi Yayın No: 3443, Ofset Yayın No: 386, İstanbul.

Akdeniz Bölgesindeki Makiliklerde Bulunan Çalı Türlerin Gelişme Seyirleri

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 77 - 86, 30.06.2013

Süleyman Temel Mustafa Tan

Abstract

Bu araştırma, Erdemli-Mersin yöresindeki makiliklerde bulunan çalı ve ağaçsı türlerin gelişme seyirlerini
belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Türlerin gelişme seyirlerinin rakım ve yöneye göre değişimi beklendiği için farklı
rakım ve yöneyler, faktör olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışma 3 değişik rakım (0-400 m, 400-800 m ve 800 m üzeri) ve
2 farklı yöneyde (kuzey ve güney) parselsiz örnekleme yöntemine göre kurulmuştur. Vejetasyondaki mevcut çalı
ve yarı çalı türlerinin fenolojik gelişme seyirleri Nisan 2005- Nisan 2007 dönemlerinde incelenmiştir. İncelemeler,
bitki gelişimlerinin hızlı olduğu dönemlerde haftada bir kez, diğer gelişme dönmelerinde ise ayda en az iki defa
gidilerek düzenli olarak yapılmıştır. Farklı rakım ve yöneylerde belirlenen 3 tekerrürlü 6 örnek deneme alanında
toplam 38 çalı türüne rastlanmıştır. Fakat bu makalede, hayvanlar tarafından çok fazla tercih edilen ve yoğunluğu
fazla olan 26 türe ait fenolojik gözlemler kayıt altına alınmıştır. Mevcut çalı türlerinin gelişme seyirleri türlere
göre farklılık göstermiştir. Çalı türlerinin rakımlara göre gelişme seyirleri bariz bir şekilde farklı olurken, yöneylere
göre ise aynı derecede bir farklılığın oluşmadığı saptanmıştır. 0-400 rakımda türler, diğer rakım kotlarına göre daha
erken bir dönemde fenolojik gelişmelerini tamamlamışlardır. Bu durumda düşük rakımda türlerin daha erken bir
dönemde otlatma olgunluğuna geldiği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Çalı türleri, gelişme seyri, rakım, yöney

References

Angell, R.F., Miller, R.F., Haferkamp, M.R., 1990. Variability of crude protein in crested wheat grass at de ned stages of phe- nology. Journal of Range Management, 43: 186-l89.
Anonim, 2007. T.C. Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Ve- rileri, Ankara.
Atalay, İ., 1987. Sedir (Cedrus libani A. Rich) ormanlarının yayılış gösterdiği alanlar ve yakın çevresinin genel ekolojik özellik- leri ile sedir tohum transfer rejiyonlaması. Orman Genel Mü- dürlüğü Yayın No: 663, Ankara.
Chmielewski, F.M., Rotzer, T., 2001. Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe. Agricultural and Forest Meteo- rology, 108: 101-112.
Çepel, N., 1978. OrmanEkolojisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fa- kültesi Yayın İstanbul.
Estrella, N., 2000. On modelling of phenological autumn phases. In Menzel, A.: Progress in Phenology: Monitoring, data analysis, and global change impacts. Conference Abstract Booklet 49.
Fitter, A.H., Fitter, R.S.R., Haris, I.T.B., Williamson, M.H., 1995. Relationships between rst owering date and temperature in the ora of a locality in central England. Functional Ecology, 9: 55-60.
Gutman, M., Henkin, Z., Hlzer, Z., 1999. Comparative performance of beef cattle on herbaceous and woody vegetation. Grassland and Science in Europe, 4: 365-371.
Güven, M., 1997. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde havza ıslahında kulla- nılabilecek önemli ağaç ve çalı türleri. Doğu Anadolu Orman Araştırma Dergisi, 1: 28-40.
Harley, P.C., Tenhunen, J.D., Beyschlag, W., Lange, O.L., 1987. Se- asonal changes in net photosynthesis rates and photosynthetic capacity in leaves of Cistus salvifolius, a European mediterra- nean semi-deciduous shrub. Oecologia, 74(3): 380-388.
Karabulut, A., Canbolat, O., Özkan, C.O., Kamalak, A., 2006. Po- tential nutritive value of some Mediterranean shrub and tree leaves as emergency food for sheep in winter. Livestock Rese- arch for Rural Development, 18(6). Kemp, P.R., 1983. Phenological patterns of chihuahuan desert plants in relation to the timing of water availability. J. Eco- logy, 71: 427-436.
Kummerow, J., 1989. Structural Aspects of Shrubs in Mediterranean- Type Plant Communities. Options Mediterraneennes-Serie Seminaires, 3: 5-11.
Kurt, F., 2000. Mersin-Tarsus-Çamlıyayla Arasında Marnlı Ana- kaya Üzerindeki Maki Vejetasyonun Bitki Ekolojisi ve Bitki Sosyolojisi Yönünden Araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Le Houerou, H.N., 1998. Environmental Aspects of Fodder Trees and Shrubs Plantation in The Mediterranean Basin. Fodder Shrubs: Their Role In Mediterranean and Semiarid Land De- velopment and Environmental Conservation. Institut Agrono- mique Et Veterinaire Hasan II, Rabat, 51 p.
Maak, K., Storch, H.V., 1997. Statistical downscaling of monthly mean air temperature to the beginning of owering of Galant- hus nivalis L. in Northern Germany. International Journal of Biometeorol, 41: 5-12.
Martins-Loucao, M.A., 1985. Estudos siologicos e microbiologi- cos da associacao da alfarrobeira (Ceratonia siliqua, L.) com bacterias de Rhizobiacease. PhD Thesis Diss., University, Lis- boa, Portugal.
Platis, P.D., Papanastasis, V.P., 2003. Relationship between shrub cover and available forage in Mediterranean shrublands. Ag- roforestry Systems 57(1): 59-67.
Silva-Pando, F.J., Gonzalez Hernandez, M.P., Castro Garcia, P., 1999. Nutritional characteristics of some common woody plants in shrublands of Galicia (northwest iberian peninsula). Grassland and Science in Europe, 4: 121-125.
Spano, D., Cesaraccio, C., Duce, P., Snyder, R.L., 1999. Phenologi- cal stages of natural species and their use as climate indicators. International Journal of Biometeorol, 42: 124-133.
Sparks, T.H., Jeffree, E.P., Jeffree, C.E., 2000. An examination of relationship between owering times and temperature at the national scale using long-term phonological record from the UK. International Journal Biometeorol, 44: 82-87.
Yaltırık, F., 1993. Dendroloji Ders Kitabı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Or- man Fakültesi Yayın No: 3443, Ofset Yayın No: 386, İstanbul.

There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section	Tarla Bitkileri / Field Crops
Authors	Süleyman Temel Mustafa Tan This is me
Publication Date	June 30, 2013
Submission Date	March 26, 2013
Acceptance Date	May 28, 2013
Published in Issue	Year 2013 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Temel, S., & Tan, M. (2013). The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 3(2), 77-86.
AMA	Temel S, Tan M. The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. June 2013;3(2):77-86.
Chicago	Temel Süleyman, and Mustafa Tan. “The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (June 2013): 77-86.
EndNote	Temel S, Tan M (June 1, 2013) The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 3 2 77–86.
IEEE	S. Temel and M. Tan, “The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region”, J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 77–86, 2013.
ISNAD	Temel Süleyman - Tan, Mustafa. “The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 3/2 (June 2013), 77-86.
JAMA	Temel S, Tan M. The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2013;3:77–86.
MLA	Temel Süleyman and Mustafa Tan. “The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, 2013, pp. 77-86.
Vancouver	Temel S, Tan M. The Growth Patterns of Shrub Species in Maquis in Mediterranean Region. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2013;3(2):77-86.

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