Research Article
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Determination of the Effects of Extracts Obtained from Seeds and Leaves of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Plant on Germination Parameters of Some Plants

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 40 - 52, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Diseases, pests and weeds are seen in the areas where crop production is carried out causing significant crop losses. Due to the increasing environmental awareness all over the world, it has become important to use alternative practices instead of chemical control against weeds in order to eliminate the negative effects of synthetic drugs used in agricultural struggle on human health and the environment. One of these alternative methods is the use of naturally sourced compounds with allelopathic effects on weeds. It is known that sorghum has the potential to be used in the control of weeds thanks to its secondary metabolite compounds. Gözde 80, Erdurmuş and Aldarı sorghum cultivars were used in this study to determine the effects of sorghum water extract on both weed and cultivated plant growth. Wheat, grass, corn, fodder peas were used as cultivars and purslane and red-rooted cockscomb plants as weeds were used to determine the allelopathic effects of sorghum cultivars. 3 and 5% water solutions obtained from sorghum cultivars were applied on some cultivated plants and weeds and germination rate, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight observations were taken. As a result, it was determined that especially the herbal water extracts of Erdurmuş cultivar significantly reduced the germination of wheat, red-rooted cockscomb and purslane compared to the control group, and also significantly regressed the root and shoot length, one of the germination parameters of corn plant.

References

  • Ahmad, S.; Rehman, A.; Cheema, Z.A.; Tanveer, A.; Khaliq, A. (1995). Evaluation of some crop residues for their allelopathic effects on germination and growth of cotton and cotton weeds. In Proceedings of the 4th Pakistan Weed Science Conference Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 26–27 March 1994; pp. 63–71.
  • Callaway, R.M. (2002). The detection of neighbors by plants. Trends Ecol. Evol., 17: 104-105.
  • Cheema Z.A., Luqman M., Khaliq A. (1997). Use of allelopathic extracts of sorghum and sunflower herbage for weed control in wheat. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 7 (3–4): 91–93.
  • Cheema, Z., Sadiq, H., Khaliq, A. (2000). Efficacy of sorgaab (Sorghum Water Extract) as a natural weed inhibitor in wheat. Intl J AgricBiol. 2(2).
  • Cheema, Z.A., Khaliq, A. (2000). Use of sorghum allelopathic properties to control weeds in irrigated wheat in a semi-arid region of Punjab. Agri. Ecosyst. Environ. 2000, 79, 105–112.
  • Cheema, Z.A., Khaliq, A., Farooq, M. (2008). Sorghum Allelopathy for Weed Management in Wheat. In: Zeng, R.S., Mallik, A.U., Luo, S.M. (eds) Allelopathy in Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77337-7_13
  • Cramer H.H. (1967). Pflanzenschutz und Welternte. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten “Bayer” 20:1-523, Lerverkusen.
  • Dayan, F.E., Rimando, A.M., Pan, Z., Baerson, S.R., Gimsing, A.L., Duke, S.O. (2010). Sorgoleone. Phytochemistry, 71, 1032–1039.
  • Duke, S.O., Baerson, S.R., Rimando, A.M., Pan, Z., Dayan, F.E., Belz, R.G. (2007). “Biocontrol of weeds with allelopathy: conventional and transgenic approaches”, Outlook Pest Manage; 18: 54-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5799-1_4.
  • Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., Gürbüz, F., (1987). Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları (İstatistik Metodları II). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınlan: 1021, Ders Kitabı, 295, 1987.
  • Fateh, E., Samaneh, S., Gerami, F. (2012). Evaluation the allelopathic effect of bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) on germination and seedling growth of millet and basil. Advances in Environmental Biology, 6: 940-950.
  • Forney, D.R. and Foy, C.L. (1985). Phytotoxicity of products from rhizospheres of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor ×Sorghum Sudanese).Weed Sci. 33:597–604.
  • Francisco, A.M., Molinillo, J.M.G., Galindo, J.C.G., Varela, R.M., Simonet A.M., Castellano, D. (2001). The use of allelopathic studies in the search for natural herbicides. Journal of Crop Production. 4, 237–255.
  • Halbrendt, J. M., (1996). Allelopathy in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Journal of Nematology, 28 (1): 8-14.
  • Hozayn, M., Monem, A.A.A., Lateef, E.M.A. (2011). “Crop residues, an effective tool for improving growth of wheat and suppression of some associated weeds”, Journal of Allelopathy. 27(2): 237-344.
  • Iqbal, J., Cheema, Z.A. (2015) “Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) management in cotton with combined application of Sorgaab and S-metolachlor. Pak J Bot 2008; 40(6): 2383-2391.
  • Jabran, K., Mahajan, G., Sardana, V., Chauhan, B.S. (2015). Allelopathy for weed control in agricultural systems. Crop. Prot., 72, 57–65.
  • Kacar, B., İnal. A. (2008). Bitki Analizleri. Nobel yayınları. No: 1241, Ankara, 892s.
  • Kandhro, M. N., Memon, H.R., Laghari, M., Baloch, A. W., Ansari, M. A. (2016). “Allelopathic impact of sorghum and sunflower on germinability and seedling growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 12, 98-102.
  • Khalid, S., Shad, R. (1991). Potential advantage of recent allelochemical discoveries in agroecosystems. Progressive Farming, 11: 30-35.
  • Khaliq, A., Matloob, A., Cheema, Z.A., Farooq, M. (2011). “Allelopathic activity of crop residue incorporation alone or mixed against rice and its associated grass weed jungle rice (Echinochloa colonum L.). Chilean J Agri Res 71(3): 418-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392011000300012
  • Kondap, S.M., Rao, A.R., Reddy, G.V. (1990) Studies on the effect of planting patterns and weeding intervals in sorghum based intercropping system on weed infestation and yield. Madras Agri. J., 77, 64–69.
  • Mennan H., Kutbay G., Işık, D. (1999). Karadeniz Bölgesi Fındık Bahçelerinde Sorun Olan Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Saptanması. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, 2(2): 13-21.
  • Narwal, S.S. (2000). Weed management in rice: Wheat rotation by allelopathy. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 19, 249–266.
  • Narwal, S.S., Palaniraj, R., Sati, S.C. (2005). “Role of allelopathy in crop production”, Herbologia 6(2): 1-69.
  • Narwal, S.S.; Sarmah, M.K. (1996) Effect of wheat residues and forage crops on the germination and growth of weeds. Allelop. J., 3, 229–240.
  • Nasr, N., Hajar, B., Miyandeh B.H., (2013). Weeds identification in west of Mazandaran Province Citrus Orchards (Iran). American Journal of Research Communication, 1(6):27-38.
  • Nouri, H., Talab, Z.A., Tavassoli, A. (2012). “Effect of weed allelopathic of sorghum (Sorghum halepense) on germination and seedling growth of wheat, Alvand cultivar” Annals of Biological Research 3(3): 1283-1293. 102 Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2016, Volume 12 Kandhro et al.
  • Onaran A., Yılar M. (2012). Antifungal activity of Trachystemon orientalis L. aqueous extracts against plant pathogens. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment Vol.10 (3&4): 287-291. 2012.
  • Özbay, N. (2018). Bazı tıbbi bitkiler ve yabancı ot ekstraktlarının biberin çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 5(1): 81-85.
  • Özer Z., Kadıoğlu İ., Önen H., Tursun N. (2003). Herboloji (Yabancı Ot Bilimi). Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No:20 Kitaplar Serisi No:10, Genişletilmiş 3. Baskı 409 s., Tokat.
  • Putnam, A.R. (1994). Phytotoxicity of Plant Residues. In P.W. Unger (ed.), Managing Agricultural Residues, Lewis Publishers, boca Raton, 285-314.
  • Rice, E.L., (1984). Allelopathy, Academic Pres, New York.
  • Shahid, M., Ahmad, B., Khattak, R.A., Arif, M. (2007). “Integration of herbicides with aqueous allelopathic extracts for weeds control in wheat”, African Crop Science Conference Proceedings Vol. 8. pp. 209-212.
  • Şin B. (2022). Çeti (Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F.Mac.) Bitkisinin Ethanol, Methanol ve Su Ekstraktlarının Bazı Yabancı Ot Tohum Çimlenmesine Karşı Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi. Internatıonal Conference On Global Practıce Of Multıdıscıplınary Scıentıfıc Studıes 1377-1385.
  • Şin, B., Kadıoğlu, İ., Onaran, A. (2017). Antifungal activity of parasitic plant (Orobanche ramosa L. Cuscuta campestris Yunck. and Viscum album L.) extracts against some plant pathogenic fungi. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 20 (1), 61-69.
  • Uddin, M.R., Park, S.U., Dayan, F.E., Pyon, J.Y. (2014) Herbicidal activity of formulated sorgoleone, a natural product of sorghum root exudate. Pest. Manag. Sci., 70, 252–257.
  • Uludağ A (2006). Türkiye’de allelopati araştırmaları ve uygulamaları üzerine genel bir bakış. Allelopati Çalıştayı, 13-15 Haziran, Yalova.
  • Weston, L.A., Harmon, R., Mueller, S. (1989) Allelopathic potential of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sudex). J. Chem. Ecol. 15, 1855–1865.
  • Wisler, G.C., Norris, R.F., (2005). Interactions between weeds and cultivated plants as related to management of plant pathogens. Sym. Weed Sci. 53:914-917.
  • Yılar M., Onaran A., Yanar Y., Belgüzar S., Kadıoğlu İ. (2014). Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Kaldırık)’ın herbisidal ve antifungal potansiyeli. Iğdır Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Der. / Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech. 4(4): 19-27.
  • Yıldız E., Özcan M.M., Kara Ş.M. (2020). Bazı tıbbi bitki ekstraktlarının mısır, soya ve ayçiçeği tohumlarının çimlenmesi ve fide gelişimi üzerine allelopatik etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergis, 7(4): 1218–1226.
  • Zeng, R.S. (2014). Allelopathy-the solution is indirect. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 40: 515-516.

Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Bitkisinin Tohum ve Yapraklarından Elde Edilen Ekstraktların Bazı Bitkilerin Çimlenme Parametreleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 40 - 52, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Bitkisel üretimin yapıldığı alanlarda görülen hastalık, zararlı ve yabancı otlar önemli düzeyde ürün kayıplarına sebep olmaktadır. Tüm Dünyada artan çevre bilinci sebebiyle tarımsal mücadelede kullanılan sentetik ilaçların insan sağlığı ve çevreye olan olumsuz etkilerini gidermek için yabancı otlarla kimyasal mücadele yerine, alternatif uygulamaların devreye sokulması önem kazanmıştır. Bu alternatif yöntemlerden biri yabancı otlar üzerinde allelopatik etkiye sahip, doğal kaynaklı bileşiklerin kullanılmasıdır. Sorgumun, içerdiği ikincil metabolit bileşikler sayesinde yabancı otların mücadelesinde kullanılabilme potansiyeli olduğu bilinmektedir. Sorgumun su ektraktının hem yabancı ot hem de kültür bitkisi gelişimi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada; Gözde 80, Erdurmuş ve Aldarı sorgum çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Sorgum çeşitlerinin, üzerine allelopatik etkisinin belirleneceği kültür bitkisi olarak; buğday, çim, mısır, yem bezelyesi, yabancı ot olarak ise; semizotu ve kırmızı köklü horozibiği bitkileri kullanılmıştır. Sorgum çeşitlerinden elde edilen %3 ve 5’lik su çözeltileri, belirlenen kültür bitkisi ve yabancı otlar üzerine uygulanmış ve çimlenme oranı, kök ve sürgün boyu, yaş ve kuru ağırlık gözlemleri alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak; özellikle Erdurmuş çeşidinin bitkisel su ekstraktlarının buğday, kırmızı köklü horozibiği ve semizotunda çimlenmeyi kontrol grubuna göre önemli düzeyde düşürdüğü, ayrıca mısır bitkisinin çimlenme parametrelerinden kök ve sürgün uzunluğunu önemli derecede gerilettiği belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Ahmad, S.; Rehman, A.; Cheema, Z.A.; Tanveer, A.; Khaliq, A. (1995). Evaluation of some crop residues for their allelopathic effects on germination and growth of cotton and cotton weeds. In Proceedings of the 4th Pakistan Weed Science Conference Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 26–27 March 1994; pp. 63–71.
  • Callaway, R.M. (2002). The detection of neighbors by plants. Trends Ecol. Evol., 17: 104-105.
  • Cheema Z.A., Luqman M., Khaliq A. (1997). Use of allelopathic extracts of sorghum and sunflower herbage for weed control in wheat. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 7 (3–4): 91–93.
  • Cheema, Z., Sadiq, H., Khaliq, A. (2000). Efficacy of sorgaab (Sorghum Water Extract) as a natural weed inhibitor in wheat. Intl J AgricBiol. 2(2).
  • Cheema, Z.A., Khaliq, A. (2000). Use of sorghum allelopathic properties to control weeds in irrigated wheat in a semi-arid region of Punjab. Agri. Ecosyst. Environ. 2000, 79, 105–112.
  • Cheema, Z.A., Khaliq, A., Farooq, M. (2008). Sorghum Allelopathy for Weed Management in Wheat. In: Zeng, R.S., Mallik, A.U., Luo, S.M. (eds) Allelopathy in Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77337-7_13
  • Cramer H.H. (1967). Pflanzenschutz und Welternte. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten “Bayer” 20:1-523, Lerverkusen.
  • Dayan, F.E., Rimando, A.M., Pan, Z., Baerson, S.R., Gimsing, A.L., Duke, S.O. (2010). Sorgoleone. Phytochemistry, 71, 1032–1039.
  • Duke, S.O., Baerson, S.R., Rimando, A.M., Pan, Z., Dayan, F.E., Belz, R.G. (2007). “Biocontrol of weeds with allelopathy: conventional and transgenic approaches”, Outlook Pest Manage; 18: 54-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5799-1_4.
  • Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., Gürbüz, F., (1987). Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları (İstatistik Metodları II). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınlan: 1021, Ders Kitabı, 295, 1987.
  • Fateh, E., Samaneh, S., Gerami, F. (2012). Evaluation the allelopathic effect of bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) on germination and seedling growth of millet and basil. Advances in Environmental Biology, 6: 940-950.
  • Forney, D.R. and Foy, C.L. (1985). Phytotoxicity of products from rhizospheres of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor ×Sorghum Sudanese).Weed Sci. 33:597–604.
  • Francisco, A.M., Molinillo, J.M.G., Galindo, J.C.G., Varela, R.M., Simonet A.M., Castellano, D. (2001). The use of allelopathic studies in the search for natural herbicides. Journal of Crop Production. 4, 237–255.
  • Halbrendt, J. M., (1996). Allelopathy in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Journal of Nematology, 28 (1): 8-14.
  • Hozayn, M., Monem, A.A.A., Lateef, E.M.A. (2011). “Crop residues, an effective tool for improving growth of wheat and suppression of some associated weeds”, Journal of Allelopathy. 27(2): 237-344.
  • Iqbal, J., Cheema, Z.A. (2015) “Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) management in cotton with combined application of Sorgaab and S-metolachlor. Pak J Bot 2008; 40(6): 2383-2391.
  • Jabran, K., Mahajan, G., Sardana, V., Chauhan, B.S. (2015). Allelopathy for weed control in agricultural systems. Crop. Prot., 72, 57–65.
  • Kacar, B., İnal. A. (2008). Bitki Analizleri. Nobel yayınları. No: 1241, Ankara, 892s.
  • Kandhro, M. N., Memon, H.R., Laghari, M., Baloch, A. W., Ansari, M. A. (2016). “Allelopathic impact of sorghum and sunflower on germinability and seedling growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)” Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 12, 98-102.
  • Khalid, S., Shad, R. (1991). Potential advantage of recent allelochemical discoveries in agroecosystems. Progressive Farming, 11: 30-35.
  • Khaliq, A., Matloob, A., Cheema, Z.A., Farooq, M. (2011). “Allelopathic activity of crop residue incorporation alone or mixed against rice and its associated grass weed jungle rice (Echinochloa colonum L.). Chilean J Agri Res 71(3): 418-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392011000300012
  • Kondap, S.M., Rao, A.R., Reddy, G.V. (1990) Studies on the effect of planting patterns and weeding intervals in sorghum based intercropping system on weed infestation and yield. Madras Agri. J., 77, 64–69.
  • Mennan H., Kutbay G., Işık, D. (1999). Karadeniz Bölgesi Fındık Bahçelerinde Sorun Olan Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Saptanması. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, 2(2): 13-21.
  • Narwal, S.S. (2000). Weed management in rice: Wheat rotation by allelopathy. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 19, 249–266.
  • Narwal, S.S., Palaniraj, R., Sati, S.C. (2005). “Role of allelopathy in crop production”, Herbologia 6(2): 1-69.
  • Narwal, S.S.; Sarmah, M.K. (1996) Effect of wheat residues and forage crops on the germination and growth of weeds. Allelop. J., 3, 229–240.
  • Nasr, N., Hajar, B., Miyandeh B.H., (2013). Weeds identification in west of Mazandaran Province Citrus Orchards (Iran). American Journal of Research Communication, 1(6):27-38.
  • Nouri, H., Talab, Z.A., Tavassoli, A. (2012). “Effect of weed allelopathic of sorghum (Sorghum halepense) on germination and seedling growth of wheat, Alvand cultivar” Annals of Biological Research 3(3): 1283-1293. 102 Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2016, Volume 12 Kandhro et al.
  • Onaran A., Yılar M. (2012). Antifungal activity of Trachystemon orientalis L. aqueous extracts against plant pathogens. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment Vol.10 (3&4): 287-291. 2012.
  • Özbay, N. (2018). Bazı tıbbi bitkiler ve yabancı ot ekstraktlarının biberin çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 5(1): 81-85.
  • Özer Z., Kadıoğlu İ., Önen H., Tursun N. (2003). Herboloji (Yabancı Ot Bilimi). Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No:20 Kitaplar Serisi No:10, Genişletilmiş 3. Baskı 409 s., Tokat.
  • Putnam, A.R. (1994). Phytotoxicity of Plant Residues. In P.W. Unger (ed.), Managing Agricultural Residues, Lewis Publishers, boca Raton, 285-314.
  • Rice, E.L., (1984). Allelopathy, Academic Pres, New York.
  • Shahid, M., Ahmad, B., Khattak, R.A., Arif, M. (2007). “Integration of herbicides with aqueous allelopathic extracts for weeds control in wheat”, African Crop Science Conference Proceedings Vol. 8. pp. 209-212.
  • Şin B. (2022). Çeti (Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F.Mac.) Bitkisinin Ethanol, Methanol ve Su Ekstraktlarının Bazı Yabancı Ot Tohum Çimlenmesine Karşı Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi. Internatıonal Conference On Global Practıce Of Multıdıscıplınary Scıentıfıc Studıes 1377-1385.
  • Şin, B., Kadıoğlu, İ., Onaran, A. (2017). Antifungal activity of parasitic plant (Orobanche ramosa L. Cuscuta campestris Yunck. and Viscum album L.) extracts against some plant pathogenic fungi. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 20 (1), 61-69.
  • Uddin, M.R., Park, S.U., Dayan, F.E., Pyon, J.Y. (2014) Herbicidal activity of formulated sorgoleone, a natural product of sorghum root exudate. Pest. Manag. Sci., 70, 252–257.
  • Uludağ A (2006). Türkiye’de allelopati araştırmaları ve uygulamaları üzerine genel bir bakış. Allelopati Çalıştayı, 13-15 Haziran, Yalova.
  • Weston, L.A., Harmon, R., Mueller, S. (1989) Allelopathic potential of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sudex). J. Chem. Ecol. 15, 1855–1865.
  • Wisler, G.C., Norris, R.F., (2005). Interactions between weeds and cultivated plants as related to management of plant pathogens. Sym. Weed Sci. 53:914-917.
  • Yılar M., Onaran A., Yanar Y., Belgüzar S., Kadıoğlu İ. (2014). Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Kaldırık)’ın herbisidal ve antifungal potansiyeli. Iğdır Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Der. / Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech. 4(4): 19-27.
  • Yıldız E., Özcan M.M., Kara Ş.M. (2020). Bazı tıbbi bitki ekstraktlarının mısır, soya ve ayçiçeği tohumlarının çimlenmesi ve fide gelişimi üzerine allelopatik etkisi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergis, 7(4): 1218–1226.
  • Zeng, R.S. (2014). Allelopathy-the solution is indirect. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 40: 515-516.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Öten 0000-0002-3737-2356

Bahadır Şin 0000-0002-0109-3662

Semiha Kiremitci 0000-0001-5533-0849

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date June 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Öten, M., Şin, B., & Kiremitci, S. (2022). Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Bitkisinin Tohum ve Yapraklarından Elde Edilen Ekstraktların Bazı Bitkilerin Çimlenme Parametreleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 3(1), 40-52.