Research Article
Sultani Çekirdeksiz Üzüm Çeşidinde Farklı Kurutma Yöntemlerinin Kurutma Kinetiği, Enerji Tüketimi ve Ürün Kalitesi Açısından İncelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Sultani çekirdeksiz üzüm örnekleri herhangi bir önişlem
uygulaması yapılmadan mikrodalga ve sıcak hava yöntemi kullanılarak farklı
sıcaklık ve güç değerlerinde kurutulmuş, yönteme bağlı olarak kurutma
kinetikleri ve enerji tüketim değerleri ortaya konulmuştur. Sıcak hava ile
kurutma denemeleri 50, 60 ve 70 oC sıcaklık ve 1 m s-1
hava hızı değerinde ve mikrodalga ile kurutma denemeleri 180 ve 270 W güç
değerlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel verileri değerlendirmek için
literatürde önerilmiş olan Wang ve Singh, Henderson-Pabis, Newton ve Logaritmik
ince tabaka kurutma modelleri kullanılmış ve bu modeller arasında Wang ve Singh
modelinin, hem sıcak havalı kurutma
hem de mikrodalga kurutma yöntemleri için sultani çekirdeksiz üzümün kuruma
davranışını temsil eden en iyi model olduğu saptanmıştır. Sıcak hava yönteminde sıcaklık yükseldikçe
fenolik madde miktarları ve kahverengileşme indeksi değerleri yükselmiştir. 200
g üzüm örneklerinde yapılan denemelerde ürün ilk neminin % 75’den % 20
seviyesine düşürülmesinde sıcak hava ile kurutma uygulamasında en düşük kurutma
süresi 70 oC’de 10 saat ve mikrodalga ile kurutma yönteminde 270 W
uygulama gücünde 35 dakika olarak bulunmuştur. En düşük özgül enerji tüketimi;
sıcak hava uygulamasında 70 oC’de 19,15 kWh kg-1 ve
mikrodalga ile kurutma yönteminde 270 W uygulama gücünde 1,52 kWh kg-1
olarak elde edilmiştir.
References
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- Ayensu, A. (1997). Dehydration of food crops using a solar dryer with convective heat flow, Solar Energy 59 (4-6):121-126.
- Bengston, G., Rahman, M.S., Stanley, R. & Perera, C.O. (1998). Effect specific pretreatment on the drying behavior of apple rings. New Zeland Inst. of Food Science and New Zeland Conference, Nelson, 10s.
- Çelen, S., Aktaş, T., Karabeyoğlu, S.S. & Akyıldız, A. (2015). Zeytin pirinasının mikrodalga enerjisi kullanılarak kurutulması ve uygun ince tabaka modelinin belirlenmesi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 12 (02): 21-31.
- Ertekin, C. & Yaldiz, O. (2004). Drying of eggplant and selection of a suitable thin layer drying model. J Food Eng, 63, 349-359.
- Ferreira-Lima, N.E., Burin, V.M. & Bordignon-Luiz, M.T. (2013). Characterization of Goethe white wines: influence of different storage conditions on the wine evolution during bottle aging. European Food Research and Technology, 237(4): 509-520.
- Gülcü, M. (2016). The effect of production process and storage conditions of resveratrol and bioactive characteristics of some grape varieties (Doctoral dissertation, PhD thesis, Namık Kemal University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
- Hossain, M.A. & Bala, B.K. (2002). Thin-layer drying characteristics for green chilli. Drying Technology, 20(2): 489-505.
- Jimenez, A., Creissen, G., Kular, B., Firmin, J., Robinson, S., Verhoeyen, M. & Mullineaux, P. (2002). Changes in oxidative processes and components of the antioxidant system during tomato fruit ripening. Planta, 214(5): 751-758.
- Jithinraj, T. & Karim, A.A. (2014). Experimental analysis on multi pass flat plate collector solar air dryer. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, (2):1-11.
- Karaaslan, S., Ekinci, K. & Akbolat, D. (2017). Drying characteristics of sultana grape fruit in microwave dryer, Infrastructure And Ecology Of Rural Areas, 1, 1317-1327.
- Karadeniz, F., Durst, R.W. & Wrolstad, R.E. (2000). Polyphenolic composition of raisins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(11): 5343-5350.
- Kassem, A.S., Shokr, A.Z., El-Mahdy, A.R., Aboukarima, A.M. & Hamed, E.Y. (2011). Comparison of drying characteristics of Thompson seedless grapes using combined microwave oven and hot air drying, Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 10, 33-40.
- Lahsasni, S., Kouhila, M., Mahrouz, M. & Jaouhari, J.T. (2004). Drying kinetics of prickly pear fruit (Opuntica ficus indica ), Journal of Food Engineering, 61(2): 173-179.
- Maillard, M.N., Soum, M.H., Boivin, P. & Berset, C. (1996). Antioxidant activity of barley and malt: relationship with phenolic content. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 29(3): 238-244.
- Manzocco, L., Mastrocola, D. & Nicoli, M.C. (1998). Chain-breaking and oxygen scavenging properties of wine as affected by some technological procedures. Food research international, 31(9): 673-678.
- Maskan, M. (2001). Drying, shrinkage and rehydration characteristics of kiwifruits during hot air and microwave drying. Journal of Food Engineering, 48, 177–182.
- Meng, X., Li, B., Liu, J. & Tian, S. (2008). Physiological responses and quality attributes of table grape fruit to chitosan preharvest spray and postharvest coating during storage. Food Chemistry, 106(2): 501-508.
- Sánchez-González L, Pastor C, Vargas M, Chiralt A, González-Martínez C, Cháfer M (2011). Effect of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and chitosan coatings with and without bergamot essential oil on quality and safety of cold-stored grapes. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 60(1): 57-63.
- Tarhan, S., Ergüneş, G. & Tekelioğlu, O. (2007). Tarımsal ürünler için güneş enerjili kurutucuların tasarım ve işletme esasları, Tesisat Mühendisliği Dergisi, 99, 26-32.
- Tiris, C., Ozbalta, N., Tiris, M. & Dincer, I. (1994). Experimental testing of new solar dryer, International Journal of Energy Reasarch, 18, 483-490.
- Wang, C.Y. & Singh, R.P. (1978). A single layer drying equation for rough rice ASAE ss. 78-3001, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.
- Waterhouse, A.L. (2002). Determination of total phenolics. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry.
Year 2020,
Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 53 - 65, 26.01.2020
Abstract
References
- Almeida, I., Guine, R.P.F., Gonçalves, F. & Correia, C. (2013). Comparison of drying processes for the production of raisins from a seedless variety of grapes, International Conference On Engineering, Portugal.
- Ayensu, A. (1997). Dehydration of food crops using a solar dryer with convective heat flow, Solar Energy 59 (4-6):121-126.
- Bengston, G., Rahman, M.S., Stanley, R. & Perera, C.O. (1998). Effect specific pretreatment on the drying behavior of apple rings. New Zeland Inst. of Food Science and New Zeland Conference, Nelson, 10s.
- Çelen, S., Aktaş, T., Karabeyoğlu, S.S. & Akyıldız, A. (2015). Zeytin pirinasının mikrodalga enerjisi kullanılarak kurutulması ve uygun ince tabaka modelinin belirlenmesi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 12 (02): 21-31.
- Ertekin, C. & Yaldiz, O. (2004). Drying of eggplant and selection of a suitable thin layer drying model. J Food Eng, 63, 349-359.
- Ferreira-Lima, N.E., Burin, V.M. & Bordignon-Luiz, M.T. (2013). Characterization of Goethe white wines: influence of different storage conditions on the wine evolution during bottle aging. European Food Research and Technology, 237(4): 509-520.
- Gülcü, M. (2016). The effect of production process and storage conditions of resveratrol and bioactive characteristics of some grape varieties (Doctoral dissertation, PhD thesis, Namık Kemal University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
- Hossain, M.A. & Bala, B.K. (2002). Thin-layer drying characteristics for green chilli. Drying Technology, 20(2): 489-505.
- Jimenez, A., Creissen, G., Kular, B., Firmin, J., Robinson, S., Verhoeyen, M. & Mullineaux, P. (2002). Changes in oxidative processes and components of the antioxidant system during tomato fruit ripening. Planta, 214(5): 751-758.
- Jithinraj, T. & Karim, A.A. (2014). Experimental analysis on multi pass flat plate collector solar air dryer. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, (2):1-11.
- Karaaslan, S., Ekinci, K. & Akbolat, D. (2017). Drying characteristics of sultana grape fruit in microwave dryer, Infrastructure And Ecology Of Rural Areas, 1, 1317-1327.
- Karadeniz, F., Durst, R.W. & Wrolstad, R.E. (2000). Polyphenolic composition of raisins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(11): 5343-5350.
- Kassem, A.S., Shokr, A.Z., El-Mahdy, A.R., Aboukarima, A.M. & Hamed, E.Y. (2011). Comparison of drying characteristics of Thompson seedless grapes using combined microwave oven and hot air drying, Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 10, 33-40.
- Lahsasni, S., Kouhila, M., Mahrouz, M. & Jaouhari, J.T. (2004). Drying kinetics of prickly pear fruit (Opuntica ficus indica ), Journal of Food Engineering, 61(2): 173-179.
- Maillard, M.N., Soum, M.H., Boivin, P. & Berset, C. (1996). Antioxidant activity of barley and malt: relationship with phenolic content. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 29(3): 238-244.
- Manzocco, L., Mastrocola, D. & Nicoli, M.C. (1998). Chain-breaking and oxygen scavenging properties of wine as affected by some technological procedures. Food research international, 31(9): 673-678.
- Maskan, M. (2001). Drying, shrinkage and rehydration characteristics of kiwifruits during hot air and microwave drying. Journal of Food Engineering, 48, 177–182.
- Meng, X., Li, B., Liu, J. & Tian, S. (2008). Physiological responses and quality attributes of table grape fruit to chitosan preharvest spray and postharvest coating during storage. Food Chemistry, 106(2): 501-508.
- Sánchez-González L, Pastor C, Vargas M, Chiralt A, González-Martínez C, Cháfer M (2011). Effect of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and chitosan coatings with and without bergamot essential oil on quality and safety of cold-stored grapes. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 60(1): 57-63.
- Tarhan, S., Ergüneş, G. & Tekelioğlu, O. (2007). Tarımsal ürünler için güneş enerjili kurutucuların tasarım ve işletme esasları, Tesisat Mühendisliği Dergisi, 99, 26-32.
- Tiris, C., Ozbalta, N., Tiris, M. & Dincer, I. (1994). Experimental testing of new solar dryer, International Journal of Energy Reasarch, 18, 483-490.
- Wang, C.Y. & Singh, R.P. (1978). A single layer drying equation for rough rice ASAE ss. 78-3001, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.
- Waterhouse, A.L. (2002). Determination of total phenolics. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry.
There are 23 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 26, 2020 |
| Submission Date | June 18, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | October 17, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 17 Issue: 1 |
