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Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)'nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 528 - 541, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1114621

Abstract

Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya ejderi) bitkisi birçok ülkede geleneksel tıpta mide rahatlatıcı, sindirim kolaylaştırıcı, yatıştırıcı olarak kullanımının yanı sıra kalp hastalıkları, damar tıkanıklıkları, tansiyon, migren, baş ve diş ağrısı tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Ülkemiz florasında Dracocephalum cinsine ait birçok tür bulunurken, D. moldavica türü doğal olarak yetişmemektedir. Bitkinin Türkiye‘de yetiştiriciliği üzerine çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bitki dikim sıklığı ve hasat zamanı bitki verim ve kalitesi üzerine önemli etkileri olan yetiştirme etmenlerindendir. Bu sebeplerle Dracocephalum moldavica (Moldovya ejderi) bitkisinde verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine dikim sıklıklarının (40×25 cm ve 60×25 cm) ve hasat zamanlarının (çiçeklenme öncesi ve tam çiçeklenme) etkilerini araştırmak hedeflenmiştir. 2017 yılında yürütülen araştırma sonuçlarına göre dikim sıklığının etkisi dal sayısı, taze ve drog herba, drog yaprak verimi üzerinde, hasat zamanının etkisi; bitki boyu, taze herba, drog herba, drog yaprak verimi, uçucu yağ oranı üzerinde istatistiki olarak önemli; interaksiyonun etkisi ise incelenen özellikler üzerinde önemli bulunmamıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; bitki boyu değerleri: 57.91-63.08 cm, dal sayısı 8-12 adet/bitki, taze herba verimi 537.26-791.54 kg da-1, drog yaprak verimi 65.36-122.23 kg da-1, drog herba verimi 124.05-194.41 kg da-1, uçucu yağ oranı % 0.276-0.375 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hasat zamanı bakımından incelen bütün özellikler tam çiçeklenme döneminde artış göstermiştir. Bitki boyu, taze herba, drog yaprak ve herba verimi en yüksek değerleri 40x25 dikim sıklığında elde edilmiştir. Uçucu yağ ana bileşenlerini geranil asetat (%53.635-54.723), gerenial (%16.229-17.396), neral (%11.729-12.661), geraniol (%5.780-6.623) toplamda %88.203-88.955 oranlarında oluşturmaktadır. Geranil asetat oranın yüksekliği bitkinin Çukurova koşullarında doğal bir geranil asetat kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Elde ettiğimiz veriler doğrultusunda Moldovya ejderi için en uygun hasat zamanı tam çiçeklenme dönemi, en uygun bitki dikim sıklığı ise 40×25 cm olarak tavsiye edilmektedir.

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References

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The Effects of Different Planting Densitiy and Harvesting Time on the Yield and Quality of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldavian dragonhead)

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 528 - 541, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1114621

Abstract

Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovian dragon) is used in traditional medicine in many countries as a stomach relaxant, digestive facilitator, sedative, as well as in the treatment of heart diseases, vascular occlusion, blood pressure, migraine, headache and toothache. While many species belong to the genus Dracocephalum in the flora of our country, the species D. moldavica does not grow naturally. There are no studies on the cultivation of the plant in Turkey. Planting frequency and harvesting time are cultivation factors that have important effects on plant yield and quality. For these reasons, it was aimed to investigate the effects of planting densities (40×25 cm and 60×25 cm) and harvest times (pre-flowering and full flowering) on yield and quality characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica (Moldovan dragon). According to the results of the research conducted in 2017, the effect of planting frequency on the number of branches, fresh and culinary herb, culinary leaf yield, the effect of harvest time on plant height, fresh herb, culinary herb, culinary herb, culinary leaf yield, and essential oil ratio was found to be statistically significant; the effect of the interaction was not found to be significant on the studied traits. As a result of the research; plant height values: 57.91-63.08 cm, number of branches 8-12 pieces/plant, fresh herb yield 537.26-791.54 kg da-1, dry leaf yield 65.36-122.23 kg da-1, dry herb yield 124.05-194.41 kg da-1, essential oil content 0.276-0.375%. All traits analyzed in terms of harvest time increased during the full flowering period. The highest values of plant height, fresh herb, culm leaf and herb yield were obtained at 40x25 planting density. The main components of essential oil were geranyl acetate (53.635-54.723%), gerenial (16.229-17.396%), neral (11.729-12.661%), geraniol (5.780-6.623%) with a total of 88.203-88.955%. The high rate of geranyl acetate suggests that the plant can be used as a natural source of geranyl acetate in Çukurova conditions. In line with the data we obtained, the most suitable harvest time for Moldovan dragon is recommended as full flowering period and the most suitable planting density is recommended as 40×25 cm.

References

  • Abdossi, V., Mohammadi, H., Hossein, S., Ahmadi, H., Hadipanah, A. (2015). The response of dragon head ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plant to sowing date and planting density. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 7(2): 36–42.
  • Ahmadi, S. H. H., Hadipanah, A. (2014). The effect of swoing date , planting density and bio-fertilizers on the essential oil content of dragonhead ( Dracocephalum moldavica L .) in sari climatic condition. Electronic Journal of Biology, 10(3): 98–106.
  • Alaei, S., Mahna, N. (2013). Comparison of essential oil composition in dracocephalum moldavica in greenhouse and field. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 16(3): 346-351.
  • Amini, R., Ebrahimi, A., Dabbagh, A., Nasab, M. (2020). Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) essential oil content and composition as affected by sustainable weed management treatments. Industrial Crops & Products, 150(April): 112416.
  • Amirnia, R., Aghaee, R., Ghiyasi, M. (2015). Farklı sulama ve gübrelemenin Dracocephalum moldavica l. verim ve kalitesi. 11. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, s:8–12, 7-10 Eylül, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
  • Anonim (2022). bizimbitkiler.org.tr, https://www.bizimbitkiler.org.tr/v2/hiyerarsi.php?c=Dracocephalum, (Erişim Tarihi: 06.04.2022).
  • Arabbaghı, E. K., Gurbüz, B., Rezaeıeh, K. A. P., Uyanık M. (2014). GC / MS analysis of bioactive components of Dracocephalum moldavica L ., treated by boric acid doses. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1): 19–21.
  • Badi, H. N., Yazdani, D., Ali, S. M., Nazari, F. (2004). Effects of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and quality/quantity of oil in thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. Industrial Crops and Products, 19(3): 231-236.
  • Basiri, M. H. and Nadjafi, F. (2019). Effect of plant density on growth, yield and essential oil characteristics of Iranian Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) landraces. Scientia Horticulturae, 257(May): 108655.
  • Baydar, H. (2016). Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Bilimi ve Teknolojisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayın No:51, Isparta.
  • Borna F., Omidbaige R., Sefidkon F. (2007). The effect of sowing dates on growth, yield and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatıc Plants, 23(37): 307–314.
  • Chachoyan, A. A., Oganesyan, G. B. (1996). Antitumor activity of some species of the family Lamiaceae. Rastitel’nye Resursy, 32(4): 59–64.
  • Chu, S. S., Liu, S. L., Liu, Q. Z., Liu, Z. L., Du, S. S. (2011). Composition and toxicity of Chinese Dracocephalum moldavica (Labiatae) essential oil against two grain storage insects. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 5(18): 4621–4626.
  • Çalişkan, T., Maral, H., Prieto, L. M. V. G., Kafkas, E., Kirici, S. (2017). The influence of different drying methods on essential oil content and composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in Çukurova conditions. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3): 518–S521.
  • Dastmalchi, K., Dorman, H. D., Laakso, I., Hiltunen, R. (2007). Chemical composition and antioxidative activity of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) extracts. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 40(9): 1655-1663.
  • Dmitruk, M., Weryszko-Chmielewska, E., Sulborska, A. (2018). Flowering and nectar secretion in two forms of the Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) – A plant with extraordinary apicultural potential. Journal of Apicultural Science, 62(1): 97–110.
  • Ehsani, A., Alizadeh, O., Hashemi, M., Afshari, A., Aminzare, M. (2017). Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Melissa officinalis and Dracocephalum moldivica essential oils. Veterinary Research Forum, 8(3): 539–547.
  • Ekren, S., Sönmez, Ç., Sancaktaroğlu, S., Bayram, E. (2009). Farklı dikim sıklıklarının fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum L.) bitkisinin verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(3): 165–173.
  • Güler, V. (2007). Diyarbakır koşullarında çördük otu (Hyssopus officinalis L.)’nda farklı gelişme dönemlerinde verim ve morfogenetik varyabilitenin saptanması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana).
  • Hadian, J., Hekmati, M., Ghorbanpour, M. (2016). Agromorphological variations and essential oil production of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad under different planting densities. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 19(5): 11021110.
  • Holm, Y., Galambosi, B., Hiltunen, R. (1988). Variation of the main terpenes in dragonhead (Dracocephahm moldavica L.) during growth. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 3(January): 113–115.
  • Hussein, M. S., El-Sherbeny, S. E., Khalil, M. Y., Naguib, N. Y., Aly, S. M. (2006). Growth characters and chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. plants in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance. Scientia Horticulturae, 108(3): 322–331.
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There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agronomy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elif Ferahoğlu 0000-0002-2107-3482

Tuncay Çalışkan 0000-0001-7842-5234

Saliha Kırıcı 0000-0002-5798-857X

Early Pub Date September 12, 2023
Publication Date September 26, 2023
Submission Date May 11, 2022
Acceptance Date July 10, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ferahoğlu, E., Çalışkan, T., & Kırıcı, S. (2023). Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)’nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 528-541. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1114621
AMA Ferahoğlu E, Çalışkan T, Kırıcı S. Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)’nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri. JOTAF. September 2023;20(3):528-541. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1114621
Chicago Ferahoğlu, Elif, Tuncay Çalışkan, and Saliha Kırıcı. “Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları Ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum Moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)’nın Verim Ve Kalitesine Etkileri”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20, no. 3 (September 2023): 528-41. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1114621.
EndNote Ferahoğlu E, Çalışkan T, Kırıcı S (September 1, 2023) Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)’nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20 3 528–541.
IEEE E. Ferahoğlu, T. Çalışkan, and S. Kırıcı, “Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)’nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri”, JOTAF, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 528–541, 2023, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.1114621.
ISNAD Ferahoğlu, Elif et al. “Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları Ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum Moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)’nın Verim Ve Kalitesine Etkileri”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20/3 (September 2023), 528-541. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1114621.
JAMA Ferahoğlu E, Çalışkan T, Kırıcı S. Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)’nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri. JOTAF. 2023;20:528–541.
MLA Ferahoğlu, Elif et al. “Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları Ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum Moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)’nın Verim Ve Kalitesine Etkileri”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 3, 2023, pp. 528-41, doi:10.33462/jotaf.1114621.
Vancouver Ferahoğlu E, Çalışkan T, Kırıcı S. Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)’nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri. JOTAF. 2023;20(3):528-41.