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Türkiye'nin 100. Yılında Daha İyi Bir Afet Yönetimi İçin: İlçe Afet Yönetimi

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye, 206 - 230, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1347679

Abstract

Gezegenimizde çeşitli doğal tehlikeler bulunmakta ve gelecek yıllarda bu tehlikelerin sıklığı ve yoğunluğunun değişebileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu afetler alt başlıklara ayrılarak çeşitlendirilebilir. Afetlerin meydana geliş şekli ne olursa olsun, yarattığı sonuçlar insanlık ve çevre için felakete dönüşebilecek sonuçlara yol açabilir. Ülkeler arasındaki eşitsizlikler, bazı ülkelerin çevresel bozulmaya daha az sorumlu olmalarına rağmen sonuçlarının daha ağır bir yükünü taşımasına neden olur. Yetersiz altyapı ve maddi kaynaklar nedeniyle bu ülkeler sonuçları daha zorlu bir şekilde deneyimler ve daha savunmasız hale gelirler. Ülkeler arasındaki kırılganlık ve gelişmişlik düzeyi farklı olsa da düzenli bir afet yönetimi ile afetlerin felakete dönüşme riskini en aza indirgemek mümkündür. Çalışmada tehlike, afet ve felaket terimleri arasındaki ayrımı netleştirmek ve kavramsal karmaşıklığı ortadan kaldırmak amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca ülkelerin gelişim endeksleri ve afetlere olan kırılganlıkları değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde etkili afet yönetiminin temel unsurları alt başlıklar halinde belirtilmiştir. Çalışmanın üçüncü ve son bölümünde ise neden bölgelerarası afet yönetim planlarının etkili bir model olması gerektiği örneklerle açıklanmıştır.

References

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  • Disaster and Management Emrgency Presidency. (2022). About us. https://en.afad.gov.tr/about-us.
  • European Union. (2017). Index for risk management INFORM concept and methodology report-version 2017, EUR 28655 EN, doi:10.2760/094023.
  • European Union. (2023). Inter-Agency standing committee and the European Commission, INFORM REPORT 2023. Shared evidence for managing crises and disasters. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
  • Ferris, E. (2012). A Human rights-based approach and district disaster management plans. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/a-human-rights-based-approach-and-district-disaster-management-plans/.
  • Fidan, A. (2021). How disadvantaged groups and street vendors participate in management during disaster and crisis periods. Corona process example. Grima, S., Sirkeci, O. and Elbeyoğlu, K. (Eds.) A new social street economy: An effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contemporary studies in economic and financial analysis. (107). Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley. 169-179.
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  • Özel, M. (2011). Afet yönetiminin iyileştirme aşaması bağlamında 2011 Van depremi sonrasında “konteyner kent” uygulaması, Türk İdare Dergisi, 477. http://tid.gov.tr/kurumlar/tid.gov.tr/tum-sayilar(2)/2001-2025/2013/aralik/Afet-Yonetiminin-Iyilestirme-Asamasi-Baglaminda-2011-Van-Depremi-Sonrasinda-Konteyner-Kent-Uygulamasi.pdf.
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  • Şahin, S. (2019). The disaster management in Turkey and goals of 2023, Turk. J. Earthq. Res., 1 (2), 180-196.
  • Tanyaş, M., Günalay, Y., Aksoy, L. & Küçük, B. (2013). İstanbul İli Afet Lojistik Planı Kılavuzu. İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı Raporu DFD-39. İstanbul.
  • Tulane University. (2021). What is disaster management? Understanding emergencies from prevention to mitigation.
  • Turkish Red Crescent. (2023). February 6th earthquake current situation analysis and needs assessment: Research report. https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/february-6th-earthquake-current-situation-analysis-and-needs-assessment-research-report.
  • United Nations. (2012). Natural hazards unnatural disasters. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/publications/natural-hazards-unnatural-disasters-17250.
  • United Nations. (2021). Handbook on the Least Developed Country category: Inclusion, graduation and special support measures, Committee for Development Policy. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/LDC-Handbook-2021.pdf.
  • United Nations. (2023). 1.5 million now homeless in Türkiye after quake disaster. Warn UN development experts. https://turkiye.un.org/en/220232-15-million-now-homeless-t%C3%BCrkiye-after-quake-disaster-warn-un-development-experts.
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  • United Nations Development Programme. (2020). Technical note. Planetary pressures-adjusted human development Index (PHDI). https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/phdi2020technicalnotespdf.pdf.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human Development Reports. https://hdr.undp.org/reports-and-publications/2020-human-development-report/data-readers-guide.
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2017). Chad is the country most vulnerable to climate change – Here’s why. https://data.unhcr.org/es/news/16260.
  • United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. (2019). Cyclone Idai and Kenneth cause devastation and suffering in Mozambique. https://www.unicef.org/mozambique/en/cyclone-idai-and-kenneth.
  • United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. (2009). 2009 UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). https://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf.
  • United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. (2011). How to make cities more resilient a handbook for local government leaders a contribution to the global campaign 2010-2015 making cities resilient- my city is getting ready!. https://www.unisdr.org/files/26462_handbookfinalonlineversion.pdf.
  • United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2011). Major Pakistan cities join UNISDR ‘Resilient Cities’ campaign. https://www.undrr.org/news/major-pakistan-cities-join-unisdr-resilient-cities-campaign.
  • United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf?_gl=1*1dc6h1y*_ga*NDQzMDQ5MDg3LjE2OTIxMTk3MTk.*_ga_D8G5WXP6YM*MTY5MjM4NTc2Mi45LjEuMTY5MjM4NTc3NS4wLjAuMA.
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For a Better Disaster Management in Türkiye's 100th Anniversary: District Disaster Management

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye, 206 - 230, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1347679

Abstract

On the planet, there are various natural hazards, and in the coming years, their frequencies and intensities are likely to vary. These disasters can be diversified into subcategories. Regardless of the way disasters occur, the consequences they create can lead to catastrophic outcomes for both humanity and the environment. It is evident that inequalities among countries result in some nations bearing a more severe burden of the consequences, despite being less responsible for environmental degradation. Due to inadequate infrastructure and financial resources, these countries endure the repercussions more harshly and become more vulnerable. Despite differences in the levels of fragility and development among countries, it is possible to minimize the risks of disasters turning into catastrophes through organized disaster management. In the study, the distinction between the terms hazard, disaster, and catastrophe is clarified in order to eliminate conceptual confusion. Additionally, the development indices of countries and their vulnerability to disasters are evaluated. In the second section, the essential elements of effective disaster management are outlined in subcategories. The third and final section of the study elaborates with examples on why district disaster management plans should be an effective model in disaster management.

References

  • Asian Development Bank. (2008). Disaster management a disaster manager’s handbook, W. Nick Carter (Eds.). https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/27890/disaster-management-handbook.pdf.
  • Asian Disaster Reduction Center. (2004). Disaster information. https://www.adrc.asia/view_disaster_en.php?NationCode=&Lang=en&Key=787.
  • Banica, A., Kourtit, K., & Nijkamp, P. (2020). Natural disasters as a development opportunity: A spatial economic resilience interpretation. Review of Regional Research, (40), 223–249.
  • BBC. (2023). Şanlıurfa ve Adıyaman'da sel felaketi: Can kaybı 20'ye yükseldi. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c2j7kjj4r49o.
  • Çoban, A. (2022). Toplum-doğa etkileşimi olarak afetleşme. İstanbul: Kent Araştırmaları ve Düşünce Dergisi, (4), 10-14.
  • Disaster and Management Emrgency Presidency. (2022). About us. https://en.afad.gov.tr/about-us.
  • European Union. (2017). Index for risk management INFORM concept and methodology report-version 2017, EUR 28655 EN, doi:10.2760/094023.
  • European Union. (2023). Inter-Agency standing committee and the European Commission, INFORM REPORT 2023. Shared evidence for managing crises and disasters. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
  • Ferris, E. (2012). A Human rights-based approach and district disaster management plans. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/a-human-rights-based-approach-and-district-disaster-management-plans/.
  • Fidan, A. (2021). How disadvantaged groups and street vendors participate in management during disaster and crisis periods. Corona process example. Grima, S., Sirkeci, O. and Elbeyoğlu, K. (Eds.) A new social street economy: An effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contemporary studies in economic and financial analysis. (107). Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley. 169-179.
  • Giddens, A. (1999). The modern law review. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Human Development Report. (2020). The next frontier human development and the anthropocene. The United Nations Development Programme. https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/hdr2020pdf.pdf.
  • Inter-Agency Standing Committee. (2011). Research: IASC operational guidelines on the protection of persons in situations of natural disasters. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/iasc-operational-guidelines-on-the-protection-of-persons-in-situations-of-natural-disasters/.
  • International Monetary Fund. (2019). Global fossil fuel subsidies remain large: An update based on country-Level estimates. IMF working paper: WP/19/89. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2019/05/02/Global-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Remain-Large-An-Update-Based-on-Country-Level-Estimates-46509.
  • İl Afet Risk Azaltma Planı. (2021). T.C. Şanlıurfa Valiliği İl Afet ve Acil Durum Müdürlüğü, Şanlıurfa.
  • Lukić, T., Bjeljac Z., Đerčan B. & Živković M. (2013). The importance of geographers in the study of natural hazards. Journal of the Geographical Institute, 63(3), 147-167. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259482557_The_importance_of_geographers_in_the_study_of_natural_hazards.
  • Önsüz, M. F. & Atalay, B. I. (2015). Afet lojistiği. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, 37(3), 1-6. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/190605.
  • Özel, M. (2011). Afet yönetiminin iyileştirme aşaması bağlamında 2011 Van depremi sonrasında “konteyner kent” uygulaması, Türk İdare Dergisi, 477. http://tid.gov.tr/kurumlar/tid.gov.tr/tum-sayilar(2)/2001-2025/2013/aralik/Afet-Yonetiminin-Iyilestirme-Asamasi-Baglaminda-2011-Van-Depremi-Sonrasinda-Konteyner-Kent-Uygulamasi.pdf.
  • Salt Lake Community College. (2020). Science of natural disasters. https://slcc.pressbooks.pub/physicalgeography/chapter/1-5/.
  • Stockholm Environment Istitute. (2021). The production gap 2021 report: Governments’ planned fossil fuel production remains dangerously out of Sync with Paris Agreement limits. Institute for Sustainable Development, United Nations Development Programme. https://productiongap.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/PGR2021_web_rev.pdf.
  • Şahin, S. (2019). The disaster management in Turkey and goals of 2023, Turk. J. Earthq. Res., 1 (2), 180-196.
  • Tanyaş, M., Günalay, Y., Aksoy, L. & Küçük, B. (2013). İstanbul İli Afet Lojistik Planı Kılavuzu. İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı Raporu DFD-39. İstanbul.
  • Tulane University. (2021). What is disaster management? Understanding emergencies from prevention to mitigation.
  • Turkish Red Crescent. (2023). February 6th earthquake current situation analysis and needs assessment: Research report. https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/february-6th-earthquake-current-situation-analysis-and-needs-assessment-research-report.
  • United Nations. (2012). Natural hazards unnatural disasters. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/publications/natural-hazards-unnatural-disasters-17250.
  • United Nations. (2021). Handbook on the Least Developed Country category: Inclusion, graduation and special support measures, Committee for Development Policy. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/LDC-Handbook-2021.pdf.
  • United Nations. (2023). 1.5 million now homeless in Türkiye after quake disaster. Warn UN development experts. https://turkiye.un.org/en/220232-15-million-now-homeless-t%C3%BCrkiye-after-quake-disaster-warn-un-development-experts.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2016). Human Development Report 2016: Human development for everyone. https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/2016humandevelopmentreportpdf1pdf.pdf.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2020). Technical note. Planetary pressures-adjusted human development Index (PHDI). https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/phdi2020technicalnotespdf.pdf.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human Development Reports. https://hdr.undp.org/reports-and-publications/2020-human-development-report/data-readers-guide.
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2017). Chad is the country most vulnerable to climate change – Here’s why. https://data.unhcr.org/es/news/16260.
  • United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. (2019). Cyclone Idai and Kenneth cause devastation and suffering in Mozambique. https://www.unicef.org/mozambique/en/cyclone-idai-and-kenneth.
  • United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. (2009). 2009 UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). https://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf.
  • United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. (2011). How to make cities more resilient a handbook for local government leaders a contribution to the global campaign 2010-2015 making cities resilient- my city is getting ready!. https://www.unisdr.org/files/26462_handbookfinalonlineversion.pdf.
  • United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2011). Major Pakistan cities join UNISDR ‘Resilient Cities’ campaign. https://www.undrr.org/news/major-pakistan-cities-join-unisdr-resilient-cities-campaign.
  • United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf?_gl=1*1dc6h1y*_ga*NDQzMDQ5MDg3LjE2OTIxMTk3MTk.*_ga_D8G5WXP6YM*MTY5MjM4NTc2Mi45LjEuMTY5MjM4NTc3NS4wLjAuMA.
  • United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2019). Disaster risk reduction in Pakistan: Status report 2019. Bangkok, Thailand. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/68260_682307pakistandrmstatusreport.pdf?_gl=1*1bpxerg*_ga*NDQzMDQ5MDg3LjE2OTIxMTk3MTk.*_ga_D8G5WXP6YM*MTY5MjU2OTM0My4xOC4xLjE2OTI1Njk0OTcuMC4wLjA.
  • United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2020). Words into action: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response. https://www.undrr.org/media/43008/download?startDownload=true.
  • United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2023). Sendai Framework terminology on disaster risk reduction. https://www.undrr.org/terminology/response.
  • United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction. (2015). Reconstructing after disasters: Build back better. Ministerial Roundtable Issue Brief: 14-18 March 2015, Sendai-Japan. https://www.wcdrr.org/uploads/Reconstructing-after-disasters-Build-back-better.pdf.
  • US Agency for International Development. (2022). Natural hazards & disasters. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/cred-crunch-newsletter-issue-no-68-september-2022-natural-hazards-disasters-overview-first-half-2022.
  • World Economic Forum. (2019). The global risks report 2019: 14th edition, Geneva. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2019.pdf.
  • Yıldırım, A., Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environment Policy
Journal Section All Articles
Authors

Ezgi Kovancı 0000-0003-1434-2581

Publication Date October 29, 2023
Submission Date August 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye

Cite

APA Kovancı, E. (2023). For a Better Disaster Management in Türkiye’s 100th Anniversary: District Disaster Management. Kent Akademisi, 16(Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı | Special Issue for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Türkiye), 206-230. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1347679

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