DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM PARKING ANGLES FOR VARIOUS RECTANGULAR-SHAPED PARKING AREAS: A PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION-BASED MODEL

Ziya Çakıcı; Abdullah Tahir Şensoy

doi:10.36306/konjes.1293799

Research Article

DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM PARKING ANGLES FOR VARIOUS RECTANGULAR-SHAPED PARKING AREAS: A PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION-BASED MODEL

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1016 - 1034, 01.12.2023

Ziya Çakıcı Abdullah Tahir Şensoy

https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1293799

Abstract

Reducing financial costs as much as possible through the effective and efficient use of parking areas is an important issue for sustainable urban planning. This can be achieved by optimizing the placement of angles of parking-lots. In this study, to determine the optimum parking angles for rectangular-shaped parking areas, a Particle Swarm Optimization-based model that aims to maximize the capacity of parking areas is developed. In the scope of the study, firstly, 324 parking area scenarios which have different dimensions from each other are created for testing the effectiveness of the model developed. Each scenario is separately analyzed by considering the optimization-based model and fixed-parking angles (0o, 30o, 45o, 60o and 90o) used in parking area planning. In the last step, parking area capacities obtained by applying different parking angles for each scenario and the total parking capacities for all scenarios are compared in detail. Results show that the capacities of parking areas can be increased up to approximately 50% with the model created. Besides, in contrast to existing literature, the findings of this study have proven that the optimum parking angle directly depends on the topology of the land. The model developed can be applied to all rectangular-shaped parking areas to achieve better urban planning.

Keywords

Parking Angle, Parking-Lot, Particle Swarm Optimization, Sustainable Urban Planning

References

F. Dion, H. Rakha, and Y. S. Kang, "Comparison of delay estimates at under-saturated and over-saturated pre-timed signalized intersections," (in English), Transport Res B-Meth, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 99-122, Feb 2004, doi: 10.1016/S0191-2615(03)00003-1.
W. Xu and L. Yang, "Evaluating the urban land use plan with transit accessibility," Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 45, pp. 474-485, 2019/02/01/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.042.
Z. Cakici and Y. S. Murat, "A Differential Evolution Algorithm-Based Traffic Control Model for Signalized Intersections," (in English), Adv Civ Eng, vol. 2019, Dec 21 2019, doi: Artn 7360939 10.1155/2019/7360939.
H. Ceylan, O. Baskan, and C. Ozan, "Modeling and Forecasting Car Ownership Based on Socio-Economic and Demographic Indicators in Turkey," (in English), Tema, pp. 47-66, 2018, doi: 10.6092/1970-9870/5452.
A. Zerouala, F. Harrou, Y. Sun, and N. Messai, "Monitoring road traffic congestion using a macroscopic traffic model and a statistical monitoring scheme," (in English), Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 35, pp. 494-510, Nov 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2017.08.018.
W. K. Alhajyaseen and H. Nakamura, "Design criteria for crosswalk width and position at signalized intersections," Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 844-857, 2012.
M. M. Aydin, "The Investigation of Geometric Indiscipline at Urban Intersections by Optimizing," PhD, Akdeniz University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2017.
A. A. Ceder, M. Butcher, and L. Wang, "Optimization of bus stop placement for routes on uneven topography," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, vol. 74, pp. 40-61, 2015.
R. Mauro and F. Branco, "Comparative Analysis of Compact Multilane Roundabouts and Turbo-Roundabouts," (in English), J Transp Eng-Asce, vol. 136, no. 4, pp. 316-322, Apr 2010, doi: 10.1061/(Asce)Te.1943-5436.0000106.
M. Mesbah, R. Thompson, and S. Moridpour, "Bilevel optimization approach to design of network of bike lanes," Transportation research record, vol. 2284, no. 1, pp. 21-28, 2012.
S. HALDENBİLEN, Y. Ş. MURAT, N. BAYKAN, and N. MERİÇ, "Parking problems in cities: Sample of Denizli," 1999.
M. I. Idris, Y. Leng, E. Tamil, N. Noor, and Z. Razak, "Car park system: A review of smart parking system and its technology," Information technology journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 101-113, 2009.
J. Parmar, P. Das, and S. M. Dave, "Study on demand and characteristics of parking system in urban areas: A review," Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 111-124, 2020.
P. Šeba, "Parking in the City," Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 112, no. 4, pp. 681-690, 2007.
M. Stubbs, "Car parking and residential development: sustainability, design and planning policy, and public perceptions of parking provision," Journal of Urban Design, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 213-237, 2002.
W. Young, R. G. Thompson, and M. A. P. Taylor, "A review of urban car parking models," Transport Reviews, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 63-84, 1991/01/01 1991, doi: 10.1080/01441649108716773.
M. Yun, Y. Lao, Y. Ma, and X. Yang, "Optimization model on scale of public parking lot considering parking behavior," in Logistics: The emerging frontiers of transportation and development in China, 2009, pp. 2692-2699.
X. Zhao, K. Zhao, and F. Hai, "An algorithm of parking planning for smart parking system," in Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2014: IEEE, pp. 4965-4969.
R. Bingle, D. Meindertsma, W. Oostendorp, and G. Klaasen, "Designing the optimal placement of spaces in a parking lot," Mathematical Modelling, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 765-776, 1987.
C. S. Chen and P. Schonfeld, "Optimum stall angle for large parking lots," Journal of transportation engineering, vol. 114, no. 5, pp. 574-583, 1988.
R. Iranpour and D. Tung, "Methodology for optimal design of a parking lot," Journal of transportation engineering, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 139-160, 1989.
O. G. Brown-West, "Optimization model for parking in the campus environment," Transportation research record, vol. 1564, no. 1, pp. 46-53, 1996.
S. Munzir, M. Ikhsan, and Z. Amin, "Linear programming for parking slot optimization: A case study at Jl. T. Panglima Polem Banda Aceh," in Proceedings of the 6th IMT-GT Conference on Mathematics, Statistics and its Applications, 2010, pp. 462-472.
M. Robert and P. Drago, "APPLICABILITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN PARKING AREA CAPACITY OPTIMIZATION," Interdisciplinary Management Research, vol. 6, 2010.
K. Abdullah, N. H. Kamis, N. F. N. Azahar, S. F. Shariff, and Z. C. Musa, "Optimization of the parking spaces: A case study of dataran mawar, UiTM Shah Alam," in 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012: IEEE, pp. 684-687.
C. Guo and P. Guo, "Research on parking space optimal design method in parking lots," Advanced Science Letters, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 698-701, 2012.
R. Wang and Q. Yuan, "Parking practices and policies under rapid motorization: The case of China," Transport Policy, vol. 30, pp. 109-116, 2013.
A. S. Abdelfatah and M. A. Taha, "Parking capacity optimization using linear programming," Journal of traffic and logistics engineering, vol. 2, no. 3, 2014.
C. Zhao, S. Li, W. Wang, X. Li, and Y. Du, "Advanced parking space management strategy design: An agent-based simulation optimization approach," Transportation Research Record, vol. 2672, no. 8, pp. 901-910, 2018.
N. Oladejo and B. D. Awuley, "Application of Linear Programming in optimization of parking slot: A case study of Tamale-Bolgatanga lorry station in Ghana," International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 147-154, 2016.
M. Ramli, D. P. Sary, and V. Halfiani, "Optimization model of parking charge and income using Lagrange multiplier method," in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2016, vol. 1775, no. 1: AIP Publishing LLC, p. 030034.
S. Yang and L. Huang, "Research on planning and management of urban parking lot—taking Hangzhou as an example," Current Urban Studies, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 379-386, 2017.
M. Ramli, T. Sundari, and V. Halfiani, "Mathematical optimization model of parking capacity for parking area in triangular shape," in 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs), 2018: IEEE, pp. 164-167.
I. Syahrini, T. Sundari, T. Iskandar, V. Halfiani, S. Munzir, and M. Ramli, "Mathematical model of parking space unit for triangular parking area," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, vol. 300, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012012.
W. Putri, I. Hasbiyati, and M. D. H. Gamal, "Optimization of Parking Lot in the Forms of Parallelogram and Right Triangle for Cars and Motorbikes," vol, vol. 4, pp. 64-71, 2019.
F. Dianawati and J. Kristianto, "Rest Area Parking Design Using Integer Linear Programming," in Proceedings of the 2019 5th International Conference on Industrial and Business Engineering, 2019, pp. 218-222.
I. Hasbiyati, W. Putri, and A. Adnan, "Parking lot optimization in parallelogram using the concept area of rectangular and right triangle," Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 77-82, 2019.
G. YILDIRIM, B. YILDIRIM, and B. SATIR, "Design of a Rectangular Parking Lot Using a Cutting-Stock Formulation," Cankaya University Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2019.
A. Tunc, Traffic Engineering and Its Applications 1st edition. Ankara: Asil Yay. Dag. Ltd. Şti., 2003.
C. Cicek, "Investigation of Applicability of New Technologies Used in the Parking Lots in Turkey," MSc, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 2015.
M. Ozen, "Parking Planning and Management in Small Cities," MSc Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, 2014.
J. D. Edwards, Transportation planning handbook. Prentice Hall, 1992.
M. Özdirim, Trafik mühendisliği. T.C. Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlıǧı Karayolları Genel Müdürlüǧü, 1994.
R. Eberhart and J. Kennedy, "Particle swarm optimization," in Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on neural networks, 1995, vol. 4: Citeseer, pp. 1942-1948.
M. H. Amini, M. P. Moghaddam, and O. Karabasoglu, "Simultaneous allocation of electric vehicles’ parking lots and distributed renewable resources in smart power distribution networks," Sustainable cities and society, vol. 28, pp. 332-342, 2017.
A. T. Şensoy, I. Kaymaz, and Ü. Ertaş, "Development of particle swarm and topology optimization-based modeling for mandibular distractor plates," Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, vol. 53, p. 100645, 2020.
A. T. Şensoy, H. İspirli, and E. Dertli, "Determining the optimum model parameters for oligosaccharide production efficiency using response surface integrated particle swarm optimization method: an experimental validation study," Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 820-826, 2020.
H. Zhao, G. Han, and X. Niu, "The signal control optimization of road intersections with slow traffic based on improved PSO," Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 25, pp. 623-631, 2020.

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1016 - 1034, 01.12.2023

Ziya Çakıcı Abdullah Tahir Şensoy

https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1293799

Abstract

References

F. Dion, H. Rakha, and Y. S. Kang, "Comparison of delay estimates at under-saturated and over-saturated pre-timed signalized intersections," (in English), Transport Res B-Meth, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 99-122, Feb 2004, doi: 10.1016/S0191-2615(03)00003-1.
W. Xu and L. Yang, "Evaluating the urban land use plan with transit accessibility," Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 45, pp. 474-485, 2019/02/01/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.042.
Z. Cakici and Y. S. Murat, "A Differential Evolution Algorithm-Based Traffic Control Model for Signalized Intersections," (in English), Adv Civ Eng, vol. 2019, Dec 21 2019, doi: Artn 7360939 10.1155/2019/7360939.
H. Ceylan, O. Baskan, and C. Ozan, "Modeling and Forecasting Car Ownership Based on Socio-Economic and Demographic Indicators in Turkey," (in English), Tema, pp. 47-66, 2018, doi: 10.6092/1970-9870/5452.
A. Zerouala, F. Harrou, Y. Sun, and N. Messai, "Monitoring road traffic congestion using a macroscopic traffic model and a statistical monitoring scheme," (in English), Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 35, pp. 494-510, Nov 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2017.08.018.
W. K. Alhajyaseen and H. Nakamura, "Design criteria for crosswalk width and position at signalized intersections," Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 844-857, 2012.
M. M. Aydin, "The Investigation of Geometric Indiscipline at Urban Intersections by Optimizing," PhD, Akdeniz University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2017.
A. A. Ceder, M. Butcher, and L. Wang, "Optimization of bus stop placement for routes on uneven topography," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, vol. 74, pp. 40-61, 2015.
R. Mauro and F. Branco, "Comparative Analysis of Compact Multilane Roundabouts and Turbo-Roundabouts," (in English), J Transp Eng-Asce, vol. 136, no. 4, pp. 316-322, Apr 2010, doi: 10.1061/(Asce)Te.1943-5436.0000106.
M. Mesbah, R. Thompson, and S. Moridpour, "Bilevel optimization approach to design of network of bike lanes," Transportation research record, vol. 2284, no. 1, pp. 21-28, 2012.
S. HALDENBİLEN, Y. Ş. MURAT, N. BAYKAN, and N. MERİÇ, "Parking problems in cities: Sample of Denizli," 1999.
M. I. Idris, Y. Leng, E. Tamil, N. Noor, and Z. Razak, "Car park system: A review of smart parking system and its technology," Information technology journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 101-113, 2009.
J. Parmar, P. Das, and S. M. Dave, "Study on demand and characteristics of parking system in urban areas: A review," Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 111-124, 2020.
P. Šeba, "Parking in the City," Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 112, no. 4, pp. 681-690, 2007.
M. Stubbs, "Car parking and residential development: sustainability, design and planning policy, and public perceptions of parking provision," Journal of Urban Design, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 213-237, 2002.
W. Young, R. G. Thompson, and M. A. P. Taylor, "A review of urban car parking models," Transport Reviews, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 63-84, 1991/01/01 1991, doi: 10.1080/01441649108716773.
M. Yun, Y. Lao, Y. Ma, and X. Yang, "Optimization model on scale of public parking lot considering parking behavior," in Logistics: The emerging frontiers of transportation and development in China, 2009, pp. 2692-2699.
X. Zhao, K. Zhao, and F. Hai, "An algorithm of parking planning for smart parking system," in Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2014: IEEE, pp. 4965-4969.
R. Bingle, D. Meindertsma, W. Oostendorp, and G. Klaasen, "Designing the optimal placement of spaces in a parking lot," Mathematical Modelling, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 765-776, 1987.
C. S. Chen and P. Schonfeld, "Optimum stall angle for large parking lots," Journal of transportation engineering, vol. 114, no. 5, pp. 574-583, 1988.
R. Iranpour and D. Tung, "Methodology for optimal design of a parking lot," Journal of transportation engineering, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 139-160, 1989.
O. G. Brown-West, "Optimization model for parking in the campus environment," Transportation research record, vol. 1564, no. 1, pp. 46-53, 1996.
S. Munzir, M. Ikhsan, and Z. Amin, "Linear programming for parking slot optimization: A case study at Jl. T. Panglima Polem Banda Aceh," in Proceedings of the 6th IMT-GT Conference on Mathematics, Statistics and its Applications, 2010, pp. 462-472.
M. Robert and P. Drago, "APPLICABILITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN PARKING AREA CAPACITY OPTIMIZATION," Interdisciplinary Management Research, vol. 6, 2010.
K. Abdullah, N. H. Kamis, N. F. N. Azahar, S. F. Shariff, and Z. C. Musa, "Optimization of the parking spaces: A case study of dataran mawar, UiTM Shah Alam," in 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012: IEEE, pp. 684-687.
C. Guo and P. Guo, "Research on parking space optimal design method in parking lots," Advanced Science Letters, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 698-701, 2012.
R. Wang and Q. Yuan, "Parking practices and policies under rapid motorization: The case of China," Transport Policy, vol. 30, pp. 109-116, 2013.
A. S. Abdelfatah and M. A. Taha, "Parking capacity optimization using linear programming," Journal of traffic and logistics engineering, vol. 2, no. 3, 2014.
C. Zhao, S. Li, W. Wang, X. Li, and Y. Du, "Advanced parking space management strategy design: An agent-based simulation optimization approach," Transportation Research Record, vol. 2672, no. 8, pp. 901-910, 2018.
N. Oladejo and B. D. Awuley, "Application of Linear Programming in optimization of parking slot: A case study of Tamale-Bolgatanga lorry station in Ghana," International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 147-154, 2016.
M. Ramli, D. P. Sary, and V. Halfiani, "Optimization model of parking charge and income using Lagrange multiplier method," in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2016, vol. 1775, no. 1: AIP Publishing LLC, p. 030034.
S. Yang and L. Huang, "Research on planning and management of urban parking lot—taking Hangzhou as an example," Current Urban Studies, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 379-386, 2017.
M. Ramli, T. Sundari, and V. Halfiani, "Mathematical optimization model of parking capacity for parking area in triangular shape," in 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs), 2018: IEEE, pp. 164-167.
I. Syahrini, T. Sundari, T. Iskandar, V. Halfiani, S. Munzir, and M. Ramli, "Mathematical model of parking space unit for triangular parking area," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, vol. 300, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012012.
W. Putri, I. Hasbiyati, and M. D. H. Gamal, "Optimization of Parking Lot in the Forms of Parallelogram and Right Triangle for Cars and Motorbikes," vol, vol. 4, pp. 64-71, 2019.
F. Dianawati and J. Kristianto, "Rest Area Parking Design Using Integer Linear Programming," in Proceedings of the 2019 5th International Conference on Industrial and Business Engineering, 2019, pp. 218-222.
I. Hasbiyati, W. Putri, and A. Adnan, "Parking lot optimization in parallelogram using the concept area of rectangular and right triangle," Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 77-82, 2019.
G. YILDIRIM, B. YILDIRIM, and B. SATIR, "Design of a Rectangular Parking Lot Using a Cutting-Stock Formulation," Cankaya University Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2019.
A. Tunc, Traffic Engineering and Its Applications 1st edition. Ankara: Asil Yay. Dag. Ltd. Şti., 2003.
C. Cicek, "Investigation of Applicability of New Technologies Used in the Parking Lots in Turkey," MSc, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 2015.
M. Ozen, "Parking Planning and Management in Small Cities," MSc Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, 2014.
J. D. Edwards, Transportation planning handbook. Prentice Hall, 1992.
M. Özdirim, Trafik mühendisliği. T.C. Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlıǧı Karayolları Genel Müdürlüǧü, 1994.
R. Eberhart and J. Kennedy, "Particle swarm optimization," in Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on neural networks, 1995, vol. 4: Citeseer, pp. 1942-1948.
M. H. Amini, M. P. Moghaddam, and O. Karabasoglu, "Simultaneous allocation of electric vehicles’ parking lots and distributed renewable resources in smart power distribution networks," Sustainable cities and society, vol. 28, pp. 332-342, 2017.
A. T. Şensoy, I. Kaymaz, and Ü. Ertaş, "Development of particle swarm and topology optimization-based modeling for mandibular distractor plates," Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, vol. 53, p. 100645, 2020.
A. T. Şensoy, H. İspirli, and E. Dertli, "Determining the optimum model parameters for oligosaccharide production efficiency using response surface integrated particle swarm optimization method: an experimental validation study," Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 820-826, 2020.
H. Zhao, G. Han, and X. Niu, "The signal control optimization of road intersections with slow traffic based on improved PSO," Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 25, pp. 623-631, 2020.

There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Engineering
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Ziya Çakıcı 0000-0001-7003-815X Abdullah Tahir Şensoy 0000-0002-9371-8307
Publication Date	December 1, 2023
Submission Date	May 9, 2023
Acceptance Date	September 21, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

IEEE	Z. Çakıcı and A. T. Şensoy, “DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM PARKING ANGLES FOR VARIOUS RECTANGULAR-SHAPED PARKING AREAS: A PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION-BASED MODEL”, KONJES, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1016–1034, 2023, doi: 10.36306/konjes.1293799.

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