Identification of Ticks on Tortoises (Testudo graeca) and Investigation of Some Pathogens in these Ticks in Kahramanmaras, Turkey
Abstract
Abstract: This study was made to identify the tick types causing infestation in tortoises living in orchards in the city centre of Kahramanmaraş and the microorganisms they carried. Eighty-four tortoises were included in the study. Species determination of ticks collected from animals in which infestation was seen and their microbiological analyses were conducted. Species determination of 272 ticks on 60 of 84 (71.4%) tortoises taken for the study was made. The tick supernatants were used to detect CCHFV antigen by means of commercial ELISA test kits and aerobic, anaerobic cultures were performed. All ticks (180 of which were male and 92 of which were female) were detected as Hyalomma aegyptium. 98 aerobic bacteria were isolated in bacteriological treatments of ticks. These bacteria were as follows: 38 Bacillus sp., 23 Diphtheroid bacilli, 21 CNS, 7 Pasteurella sp., 6 Micrococcus sp. and 3 Enterobacter aerogenes. CCHFV antigen was not identified in ELISA testing. It is clearly seen in our study that hard ticks live on vertebrate host animals, like the tortoise, not only in rural and mountainous areas but also in crowded city centres and may carry various microorganisms. Additionally, these animals should be held under the control.
Key words: Tick infestations; Ixodidae; Tick-borne diseases
Kaplumbağalardaki (Testudo graeca) Kenelerin İdentifikasyonu ve Kahramanmaraş'daki Bu Kenelerdeki Bazı Patojenlerin Araştırılması
Özet: Bu çalışma Kahramanmaraş şehir merkezindeki meyve bahçelerinde yaşayan kaplumbağalarda enfestasyona neden olan kene tiplerini ve taşıdıkları mikroorganizmaları tanımlamak için yapıldı. Çalışmaya seksen dört kaplumbağa alındı. Enfestasyonun görüldüğü hayvanlardan toplanan kenelerin türleri belirlendi ve mikrobiyolojik incelemeleri yapıldı. Çalışma için alınan 84 kaplumbağanın 60'ındaki 272 kenenin tür belirlemesi yapıldı. Kene örneklerinde CCHV antijeni belirlemek için ticari ELISA testi kullanıldı. Ayrıca bu örneklerin aerobik ve anaerobik olarak kültürleri yapıldı. Tüm kenelerin (180 erkek, 92 dişi) Hyalomma aegyptium türü olduğu saptandı. Kenelerin bakteriyolojik incelemelerinde 98 aerobik bakteri izole edildi. Bu bakteriler şöyleydi: 38 Bacillus sp., 23 difteroid basil, 21 CNS, 7 Pasteurella sp., 6 Micrococcus sp. ve 3 Enterobacter aerogenes. ELISA testinde CCHFV antijeni bulunmadı. Bizim çalışmamızda açıkça görülmektedir ki sert keneler sadece kırsal ve dağlık alanlarda değil aynı zamanda kalabalık şehir merkezlerinde kaplumbağalar gibi omurgalı konakçı hayvanlarda yaşamaktalar ve çeşitli mikroorganizmalar taşıyabilirler. Ayrıca, bu hayvanlar kontrol altında tutulmalıdır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Kene infestasyonları; Ixodidae; Kene kaynaklı hastalıklar
References
- Albayrak, H., Ozan, E., Kurt, M. 2010. An Antigenic İnvestigation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Hard Ticks from Provinces in Northern Turkey. Tropical Animal Health Production, 42: 1323-1325.
- Arıkan, D., Tıras, Ü., Saraçoğlu, D., Tasar, M.A., Dallar, Y. 2009. Evaluation of the Cases Appealed as Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Ege Journal of Medicine, 48: 29–31.
- Aydin, L., Bakirci, S. 2007. Geographical Distribution of Ticks in Turkey. Parasitology Research, 101:163– 1
- Dumler, J.S., Rosen-Feld, A. 2000. in:Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnosis of Tick Borne Diseases. Cunhu BA. (Ed). Tick Borne Infectious Diseases, Diagnosis And Management. New York, USA, 15– 50 pp.
- Gürbüz, M.K., Erdoğan, M., Doğan, N., Birdane, L., Cingi, C., Cingi, E. 2010. Olgu Sunumu: Kene Isırması ile Oluşan İzole Fasiyal Paralizi. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 34: 61–64.
- Goodman, J.L. 200 in: Human granulocytic anaplazmozis. Goodman, J.L., Dennis, D.T., Sonenshine, D.E. (eds). Tick-borne Diseases of Humans. Washington DC, USA, 218pp. Guner, E.S., Hashimoto, N., Kadosaka, T., Imai, Y., Masuzawa, T. 2003. A novel, fast-growing Borrelia sp. isolated from the hard tick Hyalomma aegyptium in Turkey. Microbiology 149:2539–2544.
- Hayes, E.B. 2005. in: Tularemia. Goodman, J.L., Dennis, D.T., Sonenshine, D.E. (eds). Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington DC, USA, 207pp.
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- Sonenshine, D.E. 2005. in: The Biology of Tick Vectors of Human Disease. Goodman J.L., Dennis D.T., Sonenshine D.E. (eds). Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington DC, USA, 12–36 pp.
- Siroky, P., Kla´ra, J., Petrzˇelkova, K.J., Kamler, M., Andrei, D., Mihalca, A.D., Modry, D. 2006. Hyalomma aegyptium as Dominant Tick in Tortoises of the Genus Testudo in Balkan Countries, with Notes on Its Host Preferences. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 40: 279–290.
- Stojek, N.M., Dutkiewicz, J. 2004. Studies on the Occurrence of Gram-Negative Bacteria In Ticks: Ixodes ricinus As a Potential Vector of Pasteurella. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 11: 319–322.
- Torres, J.M., Schossberg, D. 2000. in: Tick Paralysis. Cunhu, B.A. (ed). Tick Borne Infectious Diseases, Diagnosis and Management. New York, USA, 103– 110pp.
- Türkozan, O., Olgun, K. 2005. A Preliminary Survey of Testudo graeca Linnaeus 1758 Specimens from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 29: 255–262.
- Tavassoli, E., Asiabi, N.R., Tavassoli, M. 2007. Hyalomma aegyptium on Spur-thighed Tortoise (Testudo graeca) in Urmia Region West Azerbaijan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2: 40–47.
- Ulrike, G.M., Steven, D.J., Timothy, J.K. 2005. in: A Different Kind of Host for Human Pathogenes. Goodman, J.L., Dennis, D.T., Sonenshine, D.E. (eds). Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington, USA, 37pp. Walker, A.R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L., Estradapeňa, A., Horak, I.G., Latif, A.A., Pegram R.G., Preston P.M. 2003.Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: A Guide to Identification of Species. Edinburgh, Scotland: Bioscience Reports.
- Williams, R.J., Busaidy, S., Mehta, F.R., Maupin, G.O., Wagoner, K.D., Awaidy, S., Suleiman, A.J.M., Khan, A.S., Peters, C.J., Ksiazek, T.G. 2000. Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever: A Seroepidemiological and Tick Survey in the Sultanate of Oman.
- Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5: 99–106. Yay, M., Yazar, S., Aydın, L., Şahin, İ. 2004. Investigation of Tick Species on Sheep and Cattle around of Kayseri. Erciyes University Journal of Health Sciences, 13: 25–29.
Abstract
Bu çalışma Kahramanmaraş şehir merkezindeki meyve bahçelerinde yaşayan kaplumbağalarda enfestasyonaneden olan kene tiplerini ve taşıdıkları mikroorganizmaları tanımlamak için yapıldı. Çalışmaya seksen dörtkaplumbağa alındı. Enfestasyonun görüldüğü hayvanlardan toplanan kenelerin türleri belirlendi ve mikrobiyolojikincelemeleri yapıldı. Çalışma için alınan 84 kaplumbağanın 60’ındaki 272 kenenin tür belirlemesi yapıldı. Keneörneklerinde CCHV antijeni belirlemek için ticari ELISA testi kullanıldı. Ayrıca bu örneklerin aerobik ve anaerobikolarak kültürleri yapıldı. Tüm kenelerin (180 erkek, 92 dişi) Hyalomma aegyptium türü olduğu saptandı. Kenelerinbakteriyolojik incelemelerinde 98 aerobik bakteri izole edildi. Bu bakteriler şöyleydi: 38 Bacillus sp., 23 difteroidbasil, 21 CNS, 7 Pasteurella sp., 6 Micrococcus sp. ve 3 Enterobacter aerogenes. ELISA testinde CCHFV antijenibulunmadı. Bizim çalışmamızda açıkça görülmektedir ki sert keneler sadece kırsal ve dağlık alanlarda değil aynızamanda kalabalık şehir merkezlerinde kaplumbağalar gibi omurgalı konakçı hayvanlarda yaşamaktalar ve çeşitlimikroorganizmalar taşıyabilirler. Ayrıca, bu hayvanlar kontrol altında tutulmalıdır.
References
- Albayrak, H., Ozan, E., Kurt, M. 2010. An Antigenic İnvestigation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Hard Ticks from Provinces in Northern Turkey. Tropical Animal Health Production, 42: 1323-1325.
- Arıkan, D., Tıras, Ü., Saraçoğlu, D., Tasar, M.A., Dallar, Y. 2009. Evaluation of the Cases Appealed as Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Ege Journal of Medicine, 48: 29–31.
- Aydin, L., Bakirci, S. 2007. Geographical Distribution of Ticks in Turkey. Parasitology Research, 101:163– 1
- Dumler, J.S., Rosen-Feld, A. 2000. in:Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnosis of Tick Borne Diseases. Cunhu BA. (Ed). Tick Borne Infectious Diseases, Diagnosis And Management. New York, USA, 15– 50 pp.
- Gürbüz, M.K., Erdoğan, M., Doğan, N., Birdane, L., Cingi, C., Cingi, E. 2010. Olgu Sunumu: Kene Isırması ile Oluşan İzole Fasiyal Paralizi. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 34: 61–64.
- Goodman, J.L. 200 in: Human granulocytic anaplazmozis. Goodman, J.L., Dennis, D.T., Sonenshine, D.E. (eds). Tick-borne Diseases of Humans. Washington DC, USA, 218pp. Guner, E.S., Hashimoto, N., Kadosaka, T., Imai, Y., Masuzawa, T. 2003. A novel, fast-growing Borrelia sp. isolated from the hard tick Hyalomma aegyptium in Turkey. Microbiology 149:2539–2544.
- Hayes, E.B. 2005. in: Tularemia. Goodman, J.L., Dennis, D.T., Sonenshine, D.E. (eds). Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington DC, USA, 207pp.
- Koneman, E.W., Allen, S.D., Janda, W.M., Schreckenberger, P.C., Winn, W.C., Woods, G.L. 200 Guidelines for the Collection, Transport, Processing, Analysis, and Reporting of Cultures From Specific Specimen Sources. Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 6 th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Co., 2-66 pp. Ozer, A., Miraloglu, M., Ekerbicer, H.C., Cevik, F., Aloglu, N. 2010. Knowledge Levels About Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Among Midwifery and Nursing Students in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine Public Health, 41: 77–84.
- Sonenshine, D.E. 2005. in: The Biology of Tick Vectors of Human Disease. Goodman J.L., Dennis D.T., Sonenshine D.E. (eds). Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington DC, USA, 12–36 pp.
- Siroky, P., Kla´ra, J., Petrzˇelkova, K.J., Kamler, M., Andrei, D., Mihalca, A.D., Modry, D. 2006. Hyalomma aegyptium as Dominant Tick in Tortoises of the Genus Testudo in Balkan Countries, with Notes on Its Host Preferences. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 40: 279–290.
- Stojek, N.M., Dutkiewicz, J. 2004. Studies on the Occurrence of Gram-Negative Bacteria In Ticks: Ixodes ricinus As a Potential Vector of Pasteurella. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 11: 319–322.
- Torres, J.M., Schossberg, D. 2000. in: Tick Paralysis. Cunhu, B.A. (ed). Tick Borne Infectious Diseases, Diagnosis and Management. New York, USA, 103– 110pp.
- Türkozan, O., Olgun, K. 2005. A Preliminary Survey of Testudo graeca Linnaeus 1758 Specimens from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 29: 255–262.
- Tavassoli, E., Asiabi, N.R., Tavassoli, M. 2007. Hyalomma aegyptium on Spur-thighed Tortoise (Testudo graeca) in Urmia Region West Azerbaijan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2: 40–47.
- Ulrike, G.M., Steven, D.J., Timothy, J.K. 2005. in: A Different Kind of Host for Human Pathogenes. Goodman, J.L., Dennis, D.T., Sonenshine, D.E. (eds). Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington, USA, 37pp. Walker, A.R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L., Estradapeňa, A., Horak, I.G., Latif, A.A., Pegram R.G., Preston P.M. 2003.Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: A Guide to Identification of Species. Edinburgh, Scotland: Bioscience Reports.
- Williams, R.J., Busaidy, S., Mehta, F.R., Maupin, G.O., Wagoner, K.D., Awaidy, S., Suleiman, A.J.M., Khan, A.S., Peters, C.J., Ksiazek, T.G. 2000. Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever: A Seroepidemiological and Tick Survey in the Sultanate of Oman.
- Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5: 99–106. Yay, M., Yazar, S., Aydın, L., Şahin, İ. 2004. Investigation of Tick Species on Sheep and Cattle around of Kayseri. Erciyes University Journal of Health Sciences, 13: 25–29.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | MİKROBİYOLOJİ (Microbiology) |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 29, 2013 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2013 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 |