Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Residual Contact Toxic Effects of Spinosyn Insecticide, Spinetoram Against German Cockroach (Blatella germanica) Adults

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 795 - 804, 31.08.2021

Ferhat Küçüksarı Hasan Tunaz

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.795321

Abstract

Mevcut çalışmada laboratuar koşullarında yarı-sentetik spinosin insektisidi Spinetoram’ ın solüsyon halinde üç farklı uygulama yüzeyinde (beton, fayans ve parke) Alman Hamam böceği ‘nin ergin dönemine karşı kontak toksisitesi araştırılmıştır. Üç farklı yüzeyde B. germanica’ erginlerine karşı 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 gün süreyle Spinetoram’ ın 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 (mg aktif madde/m2) konsantrasyonlarında biyolojik testler yapılmıştır. B.germanica erginlerinin ölüm oranları üzerinde spinetoram’ ın tüm uygulama yüzeylerinde spinetoram konsantrasyonu ve maruz bırakma süresi önemli etkiye sahip olmuştur. Spinetoram’ ın düşük konsantrasyonları (2.5 ve 5 mg/m2) tüm uygulama yüzeylerinde B.germanica nimf ve erginlerini düşük oranlarda öldürmüştür. Diğer yandan Spinetoram’ ın 75 ve 100 mg/m2 konsantrasyonları her üç uygulama yüzeyinde uygulamanın 5. gününde B.germanica erginlerinde %100 ölüme sebep olmuştur. Genel olarak, B. germanica erginlerinin ölüm oranı maruziyet süresi ile artarken, spinetoram konsantrasyonları için (7.5, 10, 15, 25 ve 50 mg / m2)% 100 ölüm sağlanamamıştır. Uygulanan üç yüzeyin hepsinde B. germanica erginlerine karşı spinetoram konsantrasyonlarının etkililiğin de önemli farklılıklar olusmuştur. 100 mg / m2 spinetoram konsantrasyonunda B. germanica erginlerinin ölüm oranı beton yüzeyde diğer yüzeylere göre daha yüksek gerçekleşmiştir. Bununla birlikte, diğer spinetoram konsantrasyonlarda, erginlerin ölüm oranı genellikle üç yüzeyde de benzer olmuştur. Bu çalışmadan çıkan sonuç Spinetoram’ ın ev ve diğer binalarda sorun olan B.germanica mücadelesinde kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip olduğu ve Spinetoram’ ın bu zararlıya karşı kullanılan çevreye zararlı kimyasalların oranını azaltacağı düşünülebilir.

Keywords

Spinetoram Blatella germanica Residual contact toxicity

References

  • AgroSciences D 2006. Spinetoram technical bulletin. Dow AgroSciences.
  • AgroSciences, D 2008. Spinetoram Technical Bulletin, Dow AgroSciences 1 - 6.
  • Arnason JT, Philogene BJR, Morand P 1989. Insecticides of plant origin. ACS Symp Ser. No 387. American Chemical Society, Washington, Dc, USA, 213 p.
  • Arthur FH 1997. Differential effectiveness of deltamethrin dust on plywood, concrete and tile surfaces against three stored-product beetles. J Stored Prod Res 33: 167-173.
  • Arthur FH 2007. Efficacy of chlorfenapyr against Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults exposed on concrete, vinyl tile, and plywood surfaces. J Stored Prod Res 44 (2): 145- 151.
  • Bitter ZS, Williams OB 1949. Enteric organisms from the American Cockrach. J Infect Dis 85:87-89.
  • Bret BL, Larson LL, Schoonover JR, Sparks TC, Thompson GD 1997. Biological Properties of Spinosad. Down to Earth 52 (1): 6 -13.
  • Burgess NRH, Mc Dermott SN, Whiting A 1973. Aerobic bacteria occoring in the hind-gut of the cockroach, B. Orientalis. Epidemiol Infect 71(1): 1-8.
  • Chadwick PR 1985. Surfaces and other factors modifying the effectiveness of pyrethroids against insects in public health. J Pestic Sci 16(4): 383-391.
  • Copping LG, Menn JJ 2001. Biopesticides: a review of their action, applications and efficacy. Pest Manag Sci 56(8): 651-676.
  • Çelik A 2013. Yarı-sentetik Spinosin insektisidi spinetoram’ ın fasulye tohum böceği (Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say.))’e karşı residual kontak toksisitesinin belirlenmesi. MSc, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
  • Çetin ET, Ang Ö, Töreci K 1973. Tıbbi Parazitoloji. İstanbul 13:504.
  • DeAmicis C, Edwards NS, Giles MB, Harris GH, Hewitson P et al. 2011. Comparison of preparative reversed phase liquid chromatography and countercurrent chromatography for the kilogram scale purification of crude spinetoram insecticide. J Chromatogr A 1218(36): 6122-6127.
  • DeAmicis JE, Dripps CV, Hatton CJ, Karr LL 1997. Physical and Biological Properties of the Spinosyns: Novel Macrolide Pest-Control Agents from Fermentation. Pages 144-154. In: Hedin, Hollingworth, Masler, Miyamoto. Phytochemicals for Pest Control, Symposium Series 658.
  • Demirsoy A 1990. Türkiye Blattodea Faunasının Tesbiti ve Taksonomik İncelenmesi. Seri : 8, Bölüm: 4, No: 13, Tübitak, 80. s.
  • Dong K, Valles RM, Scharf ME, Zeichner B, Bennet GW 1998. The Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in Pyrethroid-Resistant German cockroaches. Pestic Biochem Phys 60(3): 195-204.
  • Dripps JE, Olson B, Sparks T, Crouse G 2008. Spinetoram: how artificial intelligence combined natural fermentation with synthetic chemistry to produce a new spinosyn insecticide. Plant Health Progress. http://dx.doil.org/10.1094/PHP-2008-0822-01-PS.
  • EPA 2009. United States Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/
  • FAO 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org
  • Feng R, Isman MB 1995. Selection for resistance to Azadirachtin in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Experiantia 51(8): 831-833.
  • Gamal A, El-kady El Sharabasy HM, Mahmoud MF, Bahgat IM 2007. Toxicity of Two Potential Bio-Insecticides Against Moveable Stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch. J Appl Sci Res 3(11): 1315-1319.
  • Hedin P A, Hollingworth RM, Masler EP, Miyamoto J, Thompson DG 1997. Phytochemicals for pest control, ACS Symp Ser. No 658. American chemical society, Washington, Dc, USA, 372 p.
  • Hodges RJ, Dales MJ 1991. Report on an investigation of insecticide persistence on grain store surfaces in Ghana. 3 April-10 May 1991, NRI Report 26 p.
  • Hodges RJ 1993. The relative efficacy of contact insecticide sprayed onto store wall surfaces in Mali. West Africa NRI Report R2027, 9 p.
  • Holbrook G L, Roebuck J, Moore CB, Schal C 1999. Prevalence and Magnitude of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera:Blattellidae). In “ Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference of Urban Pests “ (W. H. Robinson, F. Rettich, and G. W. Rambo, Eds.), pp. 141-145. Graficke Zavody Hronov, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Jain S, Yadav TD 1989. Persistence of deltamethrin, etrimfos and malathion on different storage surfaces. Pestic Sci 23 (11): 21-24.
  • Kirst HA, Michel KH, Mynderse JS, Chio EH, Yao RC et al. 1992. Discovery, isolation, and structure elucidation of a family of structurally unique fermentation-derived tetracyclic macrolides. In: Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals III. Chapter 20, ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 504, pp 214-225.
  • Mahmoud MF, Osman MAM 2007. Relative toxicity of some bio-rational insecticides to second instar larvae and adults of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and their predator Orius albidipennis Under Laboratory and Field Conditions. J Plant Prot Res 47(4): 391-400.
  • Mansouri F, Azaizeh H, Saadf B, Tadmor Y, Abo-Moch F et al. 2004. The Potential of middle eastern flora as a source of new safe bio-acairicides to control Tetranychus cinnabarinus, the Carmine Spider Mite. Phytoparasitica 32 (1): 66-72.
  • Mertz FP, Yao RC 1990. Saccharopolyspora spinosa sp. now. isolated from soil collected in a sugar rum still. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 40 (1):34-39.
  • Momen F, Reda AS, Saadf B, Tadmor Y, Abo-Moch F et al. 2004. The potential of middle eastern flora as a source of new safe bio-acaricides to control Tetranychus cinnabarinus, the carmine spider mite. Phytoparasitica 32 (1): 66-72.
  • Öden T 1962. Zirai Mücadele İlaçları. Tarım Bakanlığı Zirai Mücadele İlaç ve Aletleri Enstitüsü Neşriyatı No: 2: 368
  • Pimentel D, Acquary H, Biltonen M, Rice P, Silva M et al. 1992. Environmental and economic cost of pesticide use. BioScience 42 (10): 750-760
  • Rişvanlı MR 2015. Spinosin insektisidi Spinetoram’ ın Amerikan Hamam Böceği (Periplaneta americana) (L.)‘nin 3-4. dönem nimf ve ergin dönemine karşı residual kontak toksisitesinin belirlenmesi. MSc, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. p 39
  • Roberts J 1996. Cockroaches linked with asthma, BMJ (International ed.) Edition 312 (7047): 1630-1637. Rust MK, Reierson DA 1991. Chlorpyrifos resisance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from restaurants. J Econ Entomol 84(3): 736-740
  • Rust MK, Reierson DA, Ziechner BC 1993. Relationship between insecticide resistance and performance in choice tests of field coolected German cookroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol 86(4): 1124-1130.
  • Samson PR, Hall EA 1989. Effect of relative humidity on the biological activity of fenitrothion residues on different surfaces. J Stored Prod Res 25(4): 243-246.
  • SAS Institute 2009. SAS/STAT User’ s Guide, Version 9.1.3. Portable, SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
  • Sparks TC, Crourse GD, Dripps JE, Anzeveno P, Martynow J et al. 2008. Neural Network-Based QSAR and insecticide discovery: spinetoram. J Comput Aid Mol Des 22 (6-7): 393-401.
  • Thacker JRM 1999. Identification of a plant phytosterol with toxicity against arthropod pests. JAMS 4(2): 13-17.
  • Thompson GD, Dutton R, Sparks TC 2000. Spinosad a case study: an example from a natural products discovery programme. Pest Manag Sci 56(8): 696-702.
  • Toews MD, Subramanyam Bh, Rowan JM 2003. Knockdown and mortality of adults of eight species of stored-product beetles exposed to four surfaces treated with spinosad. J econ entomol 96(6):1967-1973.
  • Waldvogel MG, Moore CB, Nalyanya GW, Stringham SM, Watson DW et al. 1999. Integrated cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) management in confined swine production. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference of urban pests. Prague (Czech Republic): Graficke Zavody Hronov, pp. 183-188.
  • Wewetzer A 1995. Callus cultures of Azadirachta indica and their potential for the Production of Azadirachtin. Phytoparasitica, 26(1): 47-52.
  • White NDG 1982. Effectiveness of malathion and pirimiphos-methyl applied to plywood and concrete to control Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). J Entomol Soc Ont 113: 65-69.
  • Williams P, Semple RL, Amos TG 1983. Relative toxicity of three pyrethroid insecticides on concrete, wood and iron surfaces for the control of grain insects. Gen Appl Ent 15: 7-10.
  • Williams T, Valle J, Viñuela E 2003. Is the naturally derived insecticide Spinosad® compatible with insect natural enemies. Biocontrol Sci Techn 13(5): 459-475.
  • Zhang J, Wu M, Chen J 2007. Resistance investigation of Blattella germanica to six insecticides and control strategy in Hefei city. Chin J Vec Biol Contr 18: 98-99.

Yarı Sentetik Spinosin Insektisidi Spinetoram’ ın Alman Hamam Böceği (Blatella Germanica (L.))’ Ergin Dönemine Karşı Rezidual Kontak Toksik Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 795 - 804, 31.08.2021

Ferhat Küçüksarı Hasan Tunaz

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.795321

Abstract

Mevcut çalışmada laboratuar koşullarında yarı-sentetik spinosin insektisidi Spinetoram’ ın solüsyon halinde üç farklı uygulama yüzeyinde (beton, fayans ve parke) Alman Hamam böceği ‘nin ergin dönemine karşı kontak toksisitesi araştırılmıştır. Üç farklı yüzeyde B. germanica’ erginlerine karşı 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 gün süreyle Spinetoram’ ın 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 (mg aktif madde-m2) konsantrasyon-larında biyolojik testler yapılmıştır. B.germanica erginlerinin ölüm oranları üzerinde spinetoram’ ın tüm uygulama yüzeylerinde spinetoram konsantrasyonu ve maruz bırakma süresi önemli etkiye sahip olmuştur. Spinetoram’ ın düşük konsantrasyonları (2.5 ve 5 mg-m2) tüm uygulama yüzeylerinde B.germanica nimf ve erginlerini düşük oranlarda öldürmüştür. Diğer yandan Spinetoram’ ın 75 ve 100 mg-m2 konsantrasyonları her üç uygulama yüzeyinde uygulamanın 5. gününde B.germanica erginlerinde %100 ölüme sebep olmuştur. Genel olarak, B. germanica erginlerinin ölüm oranı maruziyet süresi ile artarken, spinetoram konsantrasyonları için (7.5, 10, 15, 25 ve 50 mg-m2)% 100 ölüm sağlanamamıştır. Uygulanan üç yüzeyin hepsinde B. germanica erginlerine karşı spinetoram konsantrasyonlarının etkililiğin de önemli farklılıklar olusmuştur. 100 mg / m2 spinetoram konsantrasyonunda B. germanica erginlerinin ölüm oranı beton yüzeyde diğer yüzeylere göre daha yüksek gerçekleşmiştir. Bununla birlikte, diğer spinetoram konsantrasyonlarda, erginlerin ölüm oranı genellikle üç yüzeyde de benzer olmuştur. Bu çalışmadan çıkan sonuç Spinetoram’ ın ev ve diğer binalarda sorun olan B.germanica mücadelesinde kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip olduğu ve Spinetoram’ ın bu zararlıya karşı kullanılan çevreye zararlı kimyasalların oranını azaltacağı düşünülebilir.

Keywords

Spinetoram Blatella germanica Rezidual kontak toksisite

References

  • AgroSciences D 2006. Spinetoram technical bulletin. Dow AgroSciences.
  • AgroSciences, D 2008. Spinetoram Technical Bulletin, Dow AgroSciences 1 - 6.
  • Arnason JT, Philogene BJR, Morand P 1989. Insecticides of plant origin. ACS Symp Ser. No 387. American Chemical Society, Washington, Dc, USA, 213 p.
  • Arthur FH 1997. Differential effectiveness of deltamethrin dust on plywood, concrete and tile surfaces against three stored-product beetles. J Stored Prod Res 33: 167-173.
  • Arthur FH 2007. Efficacy of chlorfenapyr against Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults exposed on concrete, vinyl tile, and plywood surfaces. J Stored Prod Res 44 (2): 145- 151.
  • Bitter ZS, Williams OB 1949. Enteric organisms from the American Cockrach. J Infect Dis 85:87-89.
  • Bret BL, Larson LL, Schoonover JR, Sparks TC, Thompson GD 1997. Biological Properties of Spinosad. Down to Earth 52 (1): 6 -13.
  • Burgess NRH, Mc Dermott SN, Whiting A 1973. Aerobic bacteria occoring in the hind-gut of the cockroach, B. Orientalis. Epidemiol Infect 71(1): 1-8.
  • Chadwick PR 1985. Surfaces and other factors modifying the effectiveness of pyrethroids against insects in public health. J Pestic Sci 16(4): 383-391.
  • Copping LG, Menn JJ 2001. Biopesticides: a review of their action, applications and efficacy. Pest Manag Sci 56(8): 651-676.
  • Çelik A 2013. Yarı-sentetik Spinosin insektisidi spinetoram’ ın fasulye tohum böceği (Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say.))’e karşı residual kontak toksisitesinin belirlenmesi. MSc, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
  • Çetin ET, Ang Ö, Töreci K 1973. Tıbbi Parazitoloji. İstanbul 13:504.
  • DeAmicis C, Edwards NS, Giles MB, Harris GH, Hewitson P et al. 2011. Comparison of preparative reversed phase liquid chromatography and countercurrent chromatography for the kilogram scale purification of crude spinetoram insecticide. J Chromatogr A 1218(36): 6122-6127.
  • DeAmicis JE, Dripps CV, Hatton CJ, Karr LL 1997. Physical and Biological Properties of the Spinosyns: Novel Macrolide Pest-Control Agents from Fermentation. Pages 144-154. In: Hedin, Hollingworth, Masler, Miyamoto. Phytochemicals for Pest Control, Symposium Series 658.
  • Demirsoy A 1990. Türkiye Blattodea Faunasının Tesbiti ve Taksonomik İncelenmesi. Seri : 8, Bölüm: 4, No: 13, Tübitak, 80. s.
  • Dong K, Valles RM, Scharf ME, Zeichner B, Bennet GW 1998. The Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in Pyrethroid-Resistant German cockroaches. Pestic Biochem Phys 60(3): 195-204.
  • Dripps JE, Olson B, Sparks T, Crouse G 2008. Spinetoram: how artificial intelligence combined natural fermentation with synthetic chemistry to produce a new spinosyn insecticide. Plant Health Progress. http://dx.doil.org/10.1094/PHP-2008-0822-01-PS.
  • EPA 2009. United States Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/
  • FAO 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org
  • Feng R, Isman MB 1995. Selection for resistance to Azadirachtin in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Experiantia 51(8): 831-833.
  • Gamal A, El-kady El Sharabasy HM, Mahmoud MF, Bahgat IM 2007. Toxicity of Two Potential Bio-Insecticides Against Moveable Stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch. J Appl Sci Res 3(11): 1315-1319.
  • Hedin P A, Hollingworth RM, Masler EP, Miyamoto J, Thompson DG 1997. Phytochemicals for pest control, ACS Symp Ser. No 658. American chemical society, Washington, Dc, USA, 372 p.
  • Hodges RJ, Dales MJ 1991. Report on an investigation of insecticide persistence on grain store surfaces in Ghana. 3 April-10 May 1991, NRI Report 26 p.
  • Hodges RJ 1993. The relative efficacy of contact insecticide sprayed onto store wall surfaces in Mali. West Africa NRI Report R2027, 9 p.
  • Holbrook G L, Roebuck J, Moore CB, Schal C 1999. Prevalence and Magnitude of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera:Blattellidae). In “ Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference of Urban Pests “ (W. H. Robinson, F. Rettich, and G. W. Rambo, Eds.), pp. 141-145. Graficke Zavody Hronov, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Jain S, Yadav TD 1989. Persistence of deltamethrin, etrimfos and malathion on different storage surfaces. Pestic Sci 23 (11): 21-24.
  • Kirst HA, Michel KH, Mynderse JS, Chio EH, Yao RC et al. 1992. Discovery, isolation, and structure elucidation of a family of structurally unique fermentation-derived tetracyclic macrolides. In: Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals III. Chapter 20, ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 504, pp 214-225.
  • Mahmoud MF, Osman MAM 2007. Relative toxicity of some bio-rational insecticides to second instar larvae and adults of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and their predator Orius albidipennis Under Laboratory and Field Conditions. J Plant Prot Res 47(4): 391-400.
  • Mansouri F, Azaizeh H, Saadf B, Tadmor Y, Abo-Moch F et al. 2004. The Potential of middle eastern flora as a source of new safe bio-acairicides to control Tetranychus cinnabarinus, the Carmine Spider Mite. Phytoparasitica 32 (1): 66-72.
  • Mertz FP, Yao RC 1990. Saccharopolyspora spinosa sp. now. isolated from soil collected in a sugar rum still. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 40 (1):34-39.
  • Momen F, Reda AS, Saadf B, Tadmor Y, Abo-Moch F et al. 2004. The potential of middle eastern flora as a source of new safe bio-acaricides to control Tetranychus cinnabarinus, the carmine spider mite. Phytoparasitica 32 (1): 66-72.
  • Öden T 1962. Zirai Mücadele İlaçları. Tarım Bakanlığı Zirai Mücadele İlaç ve Aletleri Enstitüsü Neşriyatı No: 2: 368
  • Pimentel D, Acquary H, Biltonen M, Rice P, Silva M et al. 1992. Environmental and economic cost of pesticide use. BioScience 42 (10): 750-760
  • Rişvanlı MR 2015. Spinosin insektisidi Spinetoram’ ın Amerikan Hamam Böceği (Periplaneta americana) (L.)‘nin 3-4. dönem nimf ve ergin dönemine karşı residual kontak toksisitesinin belirlenmesi. MSc, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. p 39
  • Roberts J 1996. Cockroaches linked with asthma, BMJ (International ed.) Edition 312 (7047): 1630-1637. Rust MK, Reierson DA 1991. Chlorpyrifos resisance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from restaurants. J Econ Entomol 84(3): 736-740
  • Rust MK, Reierson DA, Ziechner BC 1993. Relationship between insecticide resistance and performance in choice tests of field coolected German cookroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol 86(4): 1124-1130.
  • Samson PR, Hall EA 1989. Effect of relative humidity on the biological activity of fenitrothion residues on different surfaces. J Stored Prod Res 25(4): 243-246.
  • SAS Institute 2009. SAS/STAT User’ s Guide, Version 9.1.3. Portable, SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
  • Sparks TC, Crourse GD, Dripps JE, Anzeveno P, Martynow J et al. 2008. Neural Network-Based QSAR and insecticide discovery: spinetoram. J Comput Aid Mol Des 22 (6-7): 393-401.
  • Thacker JRM 1999. Identification of a plant phytosterol with toxicity against arthropod pests. JAMS 4(2): 13-17.
  • Thompson GD, Dutton R, Sparks TC 2000. Spinosad a case study: an example from a natural products discovery programme. Pest Manag Sci 56(8): 696-702.
  • Toews MD, Subramanyam Bh, Rowan JM 2003. Knockdown and mortality of adults of eight species of stored-product beetles exposed to four surfaces treated with spinosad. J econ entomol 96(6):1967-1973.
  • Waldvogel MG, Moore CB, Nalyanya GW, Stringham SM, Watson DW et al. 1999. Integrated cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) management in confined swine production. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference of urban pests. Prague (Czech Republic): Graficke Zavody Hronov, pp. 183-188.
  • Wewetzer A 1995. Callus cultures of Azadirachta indica and their potential for the Production of Azadirachtin. Phytoparasitica, 26(1): 47-52.
  • White NDG 1982. Effectiveness of malathion and pirimiphos-methyl applied to plywood and concrete to control Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). J Entomol Soc Ont 113: 65-69.
  • Williams P, Semple RL, Amos TG 1983. Relative toxicity of three pyrethroid insecticides on concrete, wood and iron surfaces for the control of grain insects. Gen Appl Ent 15: 7-10.
  • Williams T, Valle J, Viñuela E 2003. Is the naturally derived insecticide Spinosad® compatible with insect natural enemies. Biocontrol Sci Techn 13(5): 459-475.
  • Zhang J, Wu M, Chen J 2007. Resistance investigation of Blattella germanica to six insecticides and control strategy in Hefei city. Chin J Vec Biol Contr 18: 98-99.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Ferhat Küçüksarı 0000-0001-9301-0256

Hasan Tunaz 0000-0003-4942-6056

Publication Date August 31, 2021
Submission Date September 15, 2020
Acceptance Date October 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Küçüksarı, F., & Tunaz, H. (2021). Yarı Sentetik Spinosin Insektisidi Spinetoram’ ın Alman Hamam Böceği (Blatella Germanica (L.))’ Ergin Dönemine Karşı Rezidual Kontak Toksik Etkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(4), 795-804. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.795321
 Download Cover Image


International Peer Reviewed Journal
Free submission and publication
Published 6 times a year



88x31.png


KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature

e-ISSN: 2619-9149