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Nijerya'nın Güneyindeki Akwa Ibom Eyaletindeki Küçük Ölçekli Ekilebilir Mahsul Çiftçileri arasında Çiftlik İşçiliği Tercihleri

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 77 - 90, 30.09.2023

Sunday Akpan Veronica S. Nkanta Edet Udoh

https://doi.org/10.59359/maujan.1264820

Abstract

İnsan emeği, gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki küçük ölçekli çiftlik üretim sisteminin hayatta kalması ve sürdürülebilirliği açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Kırsal işgücü piyasasındaki kusurun ve artan kırsal yoksulluğun ardından, kaynak bakımından fakir küçük ölçekli çiftçiler arasındaki işgücü talebi, geleneksel arz fazlası piyasası modelinden daha rekabetçi bir işgücü piyasasına kaymıştır. Örneğin Nijerya'da, insan emeği, önceki on yıllara kıyasla çoğu kırsal tarım topluluğundaki çiftçiler için hazır değildir. Tarımsal üretimin% 60'inden fazlasının ülkedeki küçük ölçekli çiftçiler tarafından yapıldığı göz önüne alındığında; Nijerya'nın güney bölgesindeki küçük ölçekli çiftçiler tarafından işgücü kullanımını artırmanın yollarını belirlemek için çok büyük ihtiyaçlar var. Bu gerçeklerden yola çıkarak, çalışma öncelikle küçük ölçekli manyok temelli çiftçiler için mevcut olan önde gelen işgücü kaynaklarını inceledi ve taleplerinin veya benimsemelerinin belirleyicilerini belirledi. Çalışma Nijerya'nın güney bölgesindeki Akwa Ibom Eyaletinde yapıldı. Yapılandırılmış anket kullanılarak toplam iki yüz (200) manyok bazlı çiftçi rastgele örneklendi. Çalışmanın veri ve amaçlarını analiz etmek için tanımlayıcı ve çok terimli Logit modeli kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, bölgedeki küçük ölçekli çiftçiler için başlıca insan emeği kaynakları olarak işe alınan işgücü, aile emeği ve grup emeğini ortaya çıkardı. Ayrıca, çiftçilerin yaşı, eğitim düzeyi, çiftlik geliri, çiftçilik deneyimi, çiftlik dışı gelir, çiftlik büyüklüğü ve sosyal sermaye oluşumu, bölgedeki aile emeğine göre işe alınan emeği benimseme olasılığını artıran faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde, çiftçilerin yaşı, eğitim düzeyi, sosyal sermaye oluşumu, çiftçilerin cinsiyeti ve çiftlik dışı gelirlerinin, aile emeği kaynağına göre grup emeği kullanma olasılığını artırdığı bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, hanehalkı büyüklüğü, aile emeğine göre hem işe alınan hem de grup emeğini kullanma olasılığını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Kırsal işgücü piyasasında işgücü talebi konusunda verimli seçimler yapmalarına yardımcı olmak için çiftçilerin örgün eğitiminin, çiftlik gelirinin ve sosyal sermaye oluşumunun artırılması önerilir.

Keywords

Çiftlik Emek Manyok Ekilebilir mahsul Akwa Ibom Akwa Ibom

References

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  • Akpan, S. B. (2020). Enhancing farm labour productivity: The roles of small scale waterleaf farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Food Environment; 7(3), 18-33.
  • Akpan, S. B., & John, D. N. (2020). Technical efficiency of small scale cassava based Processors (Cassava grater operators) in Eket Agricultural Zone of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 16(3), 137-149.
  • Akpan, S. B., (2010). Encouraging youth involvement in agricultural production and processing in Nigeria. Policy Note No. 29: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
  • Akpan, S. B., Adah, A. J., & Udoh, E. J. (2017b). Assessment of farm factor productivity of small scale cassava farmers in Oruk Anam Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 13(1), 113-120.
  • Akpan, S. B., & Effiong, E. E., (2022). Sustaining the growth of small-scale farming: Evidence from the gross margins of small–scale cassava farmers in Uyo agricultural zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 22(4), 63-74.
  • Akpan, S. B., Antia, E. J., & Nkanta, V. S. (2022). Sustainable technical efficiency: evidence from vegetable (waterleaf: Talinum triangulare) production in southern Nigeria. Journal of Agribussiness and Rural Development, 4(66), 297-309.
  • Akpan, S. B., Udo, U. J., & Okon, U. E. (2019a). Sustainable efficiencies in small scale cassava farmers in Oruk Anam local government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Agrosearch, 19(2), 64-86.
  • Akpan, S. B., Udoh, E. J., & Adah, A. J. (2017a). Analysis of economic efficiency and perceived constraints to small scale Cassava Production in Oruk Anam Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 20(1), 2951-2961.
  • Akpan, S. B., Umoren, A. A., & Okon, U. O. (2017c). Youths and off- farm economic employments: A case study of youths in the rural areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 20(1), 2914-2925.
  • Akpan, S. B., Uwemedimo E. O., & Ima-abasi S. A. (2019b). Poverty coping strategies of oil palm farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 15(1), 20-30.
  • Anim, F. D. K. (2011) Factors affecting rural household farm labour supply in farming communities of South Africa. Journal of Human Ecology, 34(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2011.11906365
  • Anyiro, C. O., Emerole, C.O., Osondu, C. K., Udah, S. C., and Ugorji, S. E. (2013). “Labour-use efficiency by smallholder yam farmers in Abia State Nigeria: A labour-use requirement frontier approach,” International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 151-163, 2013.
  • Ariom, T. O., Dimon, E., Nambeye, E., Diouf, N. S., Adelusi, O. O., & Boudalia, S. (2022). Climate-smart agriculture in African countries: A review of strategies and impacts on smallholder farmers. Sustainability, 14, 11370. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811370
  • Baptista, D., Farid, M., Fayad, D., Kemoe, L., Lanci, L., Mitra, P., Muehlschlegel, T., Okou, C., Spray, J., Tuitoek, K., & Unsal, F. (2022). Climate change and chronic food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMF Working Papers, DP/2022/016.
  • Bassey, N. E., Akpaeti, A. J., & Udo, U. J. (2014). Labour choice decisions among cassava crop farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, 2(3), 145-156.
  • Bedemo, A., Getnet, K., & Kassa, B. (2013). Determinants of labor market participation choice of farm households in rural Ethiopia: Multinomial logit analysis. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(1), 133-141.
  • Chiaka, J. C., Zhen, L., Yunfeng, H., Xiao, Y., Muhirwa, F., & Lang, T. (2022). Smallholder farmers contribution to food production in Nigeria. Frontiers Nutrition, 9, 916678. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.916678
  • Cochran, W. G. (1963). Sampling Techniques, 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  • Deotti, L., & Estruch, E. (2016). Addressing rural youth migration at its root causes: A conceptual framework. Rome: FAO.
  • Echebiri, R. N., & Mbanasor, J. A. (2003). Rural age distribution and farm labour supply in food crop production systems in Abia state, Nigeria. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 2(3), 129-136.
  • Edohen, O. P., & Ikelegbe, O. O. (2018). Labour use types, agricultural income of farm households in Nigeria: An evidence from rural Benin. Knowledge Review, 37(1), 1-9.
  • Edoka, M. H., Igbokwe, E. M., & Adejo, P. E. (2014). Constraints to farmers’ labour group productivity in eastern Kogi State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 18(2), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v18i2.8
  • FAO. (2017). The future of food and agriculture–Trends and challenges. Rome. www.fao.org/publications.
  • FGN. (2006). Cassava Master Plan: A Strategic Action Plan for the Development of the Nigerian Cassava Industry.
  • Francis, T., Agapi, S., & Xinshen, D. (2000). Rural labour migration, characteristics and employment patterns: A study based on China’s agricultural census. Trade and Microeconomics Division (TMD), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper N0. 63, Washington DC, 20006, USA.
  • Gocowski, J., & Oduwole, S. (2003). Labour practices in the cocoa sector of southwest Nigeria with a Special Focus on the Role of Children STCP/IITA Monograph IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  • Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometric. McGraw-Hill International Edition.
  • Jayne, T., Yeboah, F. K., & Henry, C. (2017). The future of work in African agriculture: Trends and drivers of change. Research Department Working Paper No. 25, International Labour Office.
  • Jean-Claude, D. (2011). Challenges for African Agriculture. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank publication. www.worldbank.org
  • John, W. (2019). Labour migration: Causes and patterns in Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, III(X), 116-123.
  • Kropko, J. (2008). Choosing between multinomial logit and multinomial probit models for analysis of unordered choice data [Doctoral Dissertation. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill].
  • Lokpobiri, H. (2011). Nigerian agriculture promotion policy 2016 – 2020: Towards a new paradigm for domestic food security and foreign exchange earnings in agricultural production. Public Policy and Administration Research, 9(3), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.7176/PPAR/9-3-07
  • Mgbenka, R. N., & Mbah, E. N. (2016). A review of smallholder farming in Nigeria: need for transformation. International Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Studies, 3(2), 43-54.
  • NBS (National Bureau of Statistics). (2022). Poverty Statistics in Nigeria. www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
  • NiMet (Nigerian Meteorological Agency). (2023). Data available at https://nimet.gov.ng/
  • Nmadu, J. N., & Akinola, A. (2015). Farm labor supply and utilization for food crop production in Nigeria. Proceedings of INTCESS15- 2nd International Conference on Education and Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Obasi, O. O., & Kanu, W. N. (2014). Gender, access to farm labour and coping strategies: Implication for food productivity in Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 3(8), 1777-1781.
  • Ogbalubi, L. N., & Wokocha, C. C. (2013). Agricultural development and employment generation: The Nigeria experience. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2(2), 60-69.
  • Ogunkoya, O. A., Onabanjo, O., Jubril, O. L., Banjo, H., & Elumah, L. O. (2015). An Integrated Approach to Rural Development in Nigeria. International Journal of African and Asian Studies, 11, 76-83.
  • Okou, C., Spray, J., & Unsal, D. F. (2022). Staple food prices in Sub-Saharan Africa: An empirical assessment. IMF Working Papers, WP/22/135.
  • Okuneye, P. A., & Ayinde, I. A. (2011). The Nigerian agricultural policy inadequacy: the way forward. Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2(1), 1-16.
  • Olayide, M. C. (2002). Technical efficiency and productivity of maize producers within and outside the Global, 2000 projects. Agricultural Economies, 19(3), 341-348.
  • Omotesho, K. F., Muhammad-Lawal, A., & Ismaila, D. E. (2014). Assessment of hired labour use and food security among rural farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59(3), 353-361.
  • Sakho-Jimbira, S., & Hathie, I. (2020). The future of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Policy brief No. 2.
  • Salami, A.; Kamara, A. B., & Brixiova, Z. (2010). Smallholder agriculture in East Africa: Trends, constraints and opportunities. Working Papers Series No. 105, African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia.
  • Saliu, O. J., & Ojandage, A. I. (2008). Modern leadership theories and sustainable farmers’ organizations in a liberalized economy. Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology, 8(2), 33-40.
  • Udoh, E. J., & Akpan, S. B. (2017). Assessment of Sustainable Livelihood Assets of Farming Households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(4), 83–96.
  • Udoh, E. J., & Akpan, S. B. (2007). Measuring technical efficiency of waterleaf (Talinum triangulure) production in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2(5), 518–522.
  • Umoren, A. A., Akpan, S. B., & Umoren, R. A. (2021). Risks Mitigation strategies in cassava value chain under Anchor Borrowers’ Programme in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 23(6), 8-13.
  • Wossen, T., Girma, G., Abdoulaye,T., Rabbi, I., Olanrewaju, A., Bentley, J., Alene, A., Feleke, S., Kulakow, P., Asumugha, P. G., Abass, A., Tokula, M., & Manyong, V. (2017). The cassava monitoring survey in Nigeria. Final report. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).
  • Yeboah, K., & Jayne, T. S. (2016). Africa’s evolving employment structure. International Development Working Paper 148, East Lansing: Michigan State University.
  • Yusuf, I. M. (2018). Analysis of family labour utilization in the production of selected crops in dry-lands: evidence from Kahutu, Katsina State, Nigeria. Agrosearch, 18(2), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v18i2.2
  • Zegeye, M. B., Fikire, A. H., & Meshesha, G. B. (2022) Determinants of multiple agricultural technology adoption: evidence from rural Amhara region, Ethiopia. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), 2058189, https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2058189

Farm Labour Preferences among Small-scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 77 - 90, 30.09.2023

Sunday Akpan Veronica S. Nkanta Edet Udoh

https://doi.org/10.59359/maujan.1264820

Abstract

Human labour is critical in the survival and sustainability of the small-scale farm production system in developing countries. Following the imperfection in the rural labour market and the mounting rural poverty, labour demand among resource-poor small-scale farmers has shifted from its traditional surplus supply market pattern to a more competitive labour market. In Nigeria for instance, human labour is not readily available to farmers in most rural farming communities compared to the previous decades. Considering the fact that more than 60% of agricultural production is done by small-scale farmers in the country; there is an overwhelming need to identify ways of increasing labour utilization by the small-scale farmers in the southern region of Nigeria. Premised on these facts, the study primarily examined the prominent labour sources available to small-scale cassava-based farmers and identified determinants of their demand or adoption. The study was conducted in Akwa Ibom State in the southern region of Nigeria. A total of two hundred (200) cassava-based farmers were randomly sampled using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and multinomial Logit models were employed to analyse the data and objectives of the study. The findings revealed hired labour, family labour and group labour as the major human labour sources for the small-scale farmers in the region. Also, farmers’ age, educational attainment, farm income, farming experience, non-farm income, farm size and social capital formation were identified as factors that increase the probability of adopting hired labour relative to the family labour in the region. Similarly, farmers’ age, education attainment, social capital formation, farmers’ sex and non-farm income were found to increase the probability of using group labour relative to the family labour source. However, household size impacted negatively on the probability of using both hired and group labour relative to family labour. It is recommended that farmers’ formal education, farm income and social capital formation should be enhanced to help them in making efficient choices on labour demand in the rural labour market.

Keywords

Farm Labour Cassava Arable crop Nigeria Akwa Ibom

References

  • Adebo, G. M., & Falowo, O. O. (2015). Rural household food security and coping strategies in south- west, Nigeria: A gender differentials perspective. Food Science and Quality Management, 41, 44-49.
  • Akpan, S. B. (2020). Enhancing farm labour productivity: The roles of small scale waterleaf farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Food Environment; 7(3), 18-33.
  • Akpan, S. B., & John, D. N. (2020). Technical efficiency of small scale cassava based Processors (Cassava grater operators) in Eket Agricultural Zone of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 16(3), 137-149.
  • Akpan, S. B., (2010). Encouraging youth involvement in agricultural production and processing in Nigeria. Policy Note No. 29: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
  • Akpan, S. B., Adah, A. J., & Udoh, E. J. (2017b). Assessment of farm factor productivity of small scale cassava farmers in Oruk Anam Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 13(1), 113-120.
  • Akpan, S. B., & Effiong, E. E., (2022). Sustaining the growth of small-scale farming: Evidence from the gross margins of small–scale cassava farmers in Uyo agricultural zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 22(4), 63-74.
  • Akpan, S. B., Antia, E. J., & Nkanta, V. S. (2022). Sustainable technical efficiency: evidence from vegetable (waterleaf: Talinum triangulare) production in southern Nigeria. Journal of Agribussiness and Rural Development, 4(66), 297-309.
  • Akpan, S. B., Udo, U. J., & Okon, U. E. (2019a). Sustainable efficiencies in small scale cassava farmers in Oruk Anam local government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Agrosearch, 19(2), 64-86.
  • Akpan, S. B., Udoh, E. J., & Adah, A. J. (2017a). Analysis of economic efficiency and perceived constraints to small scale Cassava Production in Oruk Anam Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 20(1), 2951-2961.
  • Akpan, S. B., Umoren, A. A., & Okon, U. O. (2017c). Youths and off- farm economic employments: A case study of youths in the rural areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 20(1), 2914-2925.
  • Akpan, S. B., Uwemedimo E. O., & Ima-abasi S. A. (2019b). Poverty coping strategies of oil palm farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 15(1), 20-30.
  • Anim, F. D. K. (2011) Factors affecting rural household farm labour supply in farming communities of South Africa. Journal of Human Ecology, 34(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2011.11906365
  • Anyiro, C. O., Emerole, C.O., Osondu, C. K., Udah, S. C., and Ugorji, S. E. (2013). “Labour-use efficiency by smallholder yam farmers in Abia State Nigeria: A labour-use requirement frontier approach,” International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 151-163, 2013.
  • Ariom, T. O., Dimon, E., Nambeye, E., Diouf, N. S., Adelusi, O. O., & Boudalia, S. (2022). Climate-smart agriculture in African countries: A review of strategies and impacts on smallholder farmers. Sustainability, 14, 11370. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811370
  • Baptista, D., Farid, M., Fayad, D., Kemoe, L., Lanci, L., Mitra, P., Muehlschlegel, T., Okou, C., Spray, J., Tuitoek, K., & Unsal, F. (2022). Climate change and chronic food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMF Working Papers, DP/2022/016.
  • Bassey, N. E., Akpaeti, A. J., & Udo, U. J. (2014). Labour choice decisions among cassava crop farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, 2(3), 145-156.
  • Bedemo, A., Getnet, K., & Kassa, B. (2013). Determinants of labor market participation choice of farm households in rural Ethiopia: Multinomial logit analysis. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(1), 133-141.
  • Chiaka, J. C., Zhen, L., Yunfeng, H., Xiao, Y., Muhirwa, F., & Lang, T. (2022). Smallholder farmers contribution to food production in Nigeria. Frontiers Nutrition, 9, 916678. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.916678
  • Cochran, W. G. (1963). Sampling Techniques, 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  • Deotti, L., & Estruch, E. (2016). Addressing rural youth migration at its root causes: A conceptual framework. Rome: FAO.
  • Echebiri, R. N., & Mbanasor, J. A. (2003). Rural age distribution and farm labour supply in food crop production systems in Abia state, Nigeria. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 2(3), 129-136.
  • Edohen, O. P., & Ikelegbe, O. O. (2018). Labour use types, agricultural income of farm households in Nigeria: An evidence from rural Benin. Knowledge Review, 37(1), 1-9.
  • Edoka, M. H., Igbokwe, E. M., & Adejo, P. E. (2014). Constraints to farmers’ labour group productivity in eastern Kogi State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 18(2), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v18i2.8
  • FAO. (2017). The future of food and agriculture–Trends and challenges. Rome. www.fao.org/publications.
  • FGN. (2006). Cassava Master Plan: A Strategic Action Plan for the Development of the Nigerian Cassava Industry.
  • Francis, T., Agapi, S., & Xinshen, D. (2000). Rural labour migration, characteristics and employment patterns: A study based on China’s agricultural census. Trade and Microeconomics Division (TMD), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper N0. 63, Washington DC, 20006, USA.
  • Gocowski, J., & Oduwole, S. (2003). Labour practices in the cocoa sector of southwest Nigeria with a Special Focus on the Role of Children STCP/IITA Monograph IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  • Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometric. McGraw-Hill International Edition.
  • Jayne, T., Yeboah, F. K., & Henry, C. (2017). The future of work in African agriculture: Trends and drivers of change. Research Department Working Paper No. 25, International Labour Office.
  • Jean-Claude, D. (2011). Challenges for African Agriculture. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank publication. www.worldbank.org
  • John, W. (2019). Labour migration: Causes and patterns in Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, III(X), 116-123.
  • Kropko, J. (2008). Choosing between multinomial logit and multinomial probit models for analysis of unordered choice data [Doctoral Dissertation. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill].
  • Lokpobiri, H. (2011). Nigerian agriculture promotion policy 2016 – 2020: Towards a new paradigm for domestic food security and foreign exchange earnings in agricultural production. Public Policy and Administration Research, 9(3), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.7176/PPAR/9-3-07
  • Mgbenka, R. N., & Mbah, E. N. (2016). A review of smallholder farming in Nigeria: need for transformation. International Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Studies, 3(2), 43-54.
  • NBS (National Bureau of Statistics). (2022). Poverty Statistics in Nigeria. www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
  • NiMet (Nigerian Meteorological Agency). (2023). Data available at https://nimet.gov.ng/
  • Nmadu, J. N., & Akinola, A. (2015). Farm labor supply and utilization for food crop production in Nigeria. Proceedings of INTCESS15- 2nd International Conference on Education and Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Obasi, O. O., & Kanu, W. N. (2014). Gender, access to farm labour and coping strategies: Implication for food productivity in Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 3(8), 1777-1781.
  • Ogbalubi, L. N., & Wokocha, C. C. (2013). Agricultural development and employment generation: The Nigeria experience. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2(2), 60-69.
  • Ogunkoya, O. A., Onabanjo, O., Jubril, O. L., Banjo, H., & Elumah, L. O. (2015). An Integrated Approach to Rural Development in Nigeria. International Journal of African and Asian Studies, 11, 76-83.
  • Okou, C., Spray, J., & Unsal, D. F. (2022). Staple food prices in Sub-Saharan Africa: An empirical assessment. IMF Working Papers, WP/22/135.
  • Okuneye, P. A., & Ayinde, I. A. (2011). The Nigerian agricultural policy inadequacy: the way forward. Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2(1), 1-16.
  • Olayide, M. C. (2002). Technical efficiency and productivity of maize producers within and outside the Global, 2000 projects. Agricultural Economies, 19(3), 341-348.
  • Omotesho, K. F., Muhammad-Lawal, A., & Ismaila, D. E. (2014). Assessment of hired labour use and food security among rural farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59(3), 353-361.
  • Sakho-Jimbira, S., & Hathie, I. (2020). The future of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Policy brief No. 2.
  • Salami, A.; Kamara, A. B., & Brixiova, Z. (2010). Smallholder agriculture in East Africa: Trends, constraints and opportunities. Working Papers Series No. 105, African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia.
  • Saliu, O. J., & Ojandage, A. I. (2008). Modern leadership theories and sustainable farmers’ organizations in a liberalized economy. Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology, 8(2), 33-40.
  • Udoh, E. J., & Akpan, S. B. (2017). Assessment of Sustainable Livelihood Assets of Farming Households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(4), 83–96.
  • Udoh, E. J., & Akpan, S. B. (2007). Measuring technical efficiency of waterleaf (Talinum triangulure) production in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2(5), 518–522.
  • Umoren, A. A., Akpan, S. B., & Umoren, R. A. (2021). Risks Mitigation strategies in cassava value chain under Anchor Borrowers’ Programme in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 23(6), 8-13.
  • Wossen, T., Girma, G., Abdoulaye,T., Rabbi, I., Olanrewaju, A., Bentley, J., Alene, A., Feleke, S., Kulakow, P., Asumugha, P. G., Abass, A., Tokula, M., & Manyong, V. (2017). The cassava monitoring survey in Nigeria. Final report. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).
  • Yeboah, K., & Jayne, T. S. (2016). Africa’s evolving employment structure. International Development Working Paper 148, East Lansing: Michigan State University.
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Policy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sunday Akpan 0000-0002-0458-028X

Veronica S. Nkanta 0000-0001-7035-7978

Edet Udoh 0000-0002-4550-4320

Early Pub Date September 28, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date March 14, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akpan, S., Nkanta, V. S., & Udoh, E. (2023). Farm Labour Preferences among Small-scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. Muş Alparslan University Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 3(2), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.59359/maujan.1264820
AMA Akpan S, Nkanta VS, Udoh E. Farm Labour Preferences among Small-scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. MAU J Agr Nat. September 2023;3(2):77-90. doi:10.59359/maujan.1264820
Chicago Akpan, Sunday, Veronica S. Nkanta, and Edet Udoh. “Farm Labour Preferences Among Small-Scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria”. Muş Alparslan University Journal of Agriculture and Nature 3, no. 2 (September 2023): 77-90. https://doi.org/10.59359/maujan.1264820.
EndNote Akpan S, Nkanta VS, Udoh E (September 1, 2023) Farm Labour Preferences among Small-scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. Muş Alparslan University Journal of Agriculture and Nature 3 2 77–90.
IEEE S. Akpan, V. S. Nkanta, and E. Udoh, “Farm Labour Preferences among Small-scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria”, MAU J Agr Nat, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 77–90, 2023, doi: 10.59359/maujan.1264820.
ISNAD Akpan, Sunday et al. “Farm Labour Preferences Among Small-Scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria”. Muş Alparslan University Journal of Agriculture and Nature 3/2 (September 2023), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.59359/maujan.1264820.
JAMA Akpan S, Nkanta VS, Udoh E. Farm Labour Preferences among Small-scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. MAU J Agr Nat. 2023;3:77–90.
MLA Akpan, Sunday et al. “Farm Labour Preferences Among Small-Scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria”. Muş Alparslan University Journal of Agriculture and Nature, vol. 3, no. 2, 2023, pp. 77-90, doi:10.59359/maujan.1264820.
Vancouver Akpan S, Nkanta VS, Udoh E. Farm Labour Preferences among Small-scale Arable Crop Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. MAU J Agr Nat. 2023;3(2):77-90.
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