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INTERNATIONAL TAX PLANNING: A CASE STUDY OF TURKEY-BASED STRUCTURING

Year 2017, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 547 - 566, 01.06.2017

Abstract

In this paper, the conceptual framework of international tax planning is tried to be identified by a case study in order to answer the question What Exactly is it: Is this practice legal or illegal? Firstly tools, structures and methods are described by considering the recent history of international tax planning. In this sense the differences between ‘tax avoidance scheme’ and ‘tax evasion scheme’ are discussed and the way of making tax planning with legal structures is conceptually provided. Secondly, we show a practice of an international tax planning by a case study which includes Turkey-based structuring for doing civil work in Turkmenistan by Dutch resident company. The proposed international tax planning structure for that case provides half percent decrease in tax burden of Dutch resident company when compared with traditional approach and this result support our identified conceptual framework which asserts that international tax planning is beneficial and useful structured finance tool for tax avoidance.

References

  • Bucovetsky, S. ve A. Haufler. 2008. “Tax competition when firms choose their organizational form: Should tax loopholes for multinationals be closed?”, Journal of International Economics, 74(1).
  • Desai, M. A., C.F. Foley ve J.R. Hines. 2006. “The demand for tax haven operations”, Journal of Public Economics, 90(3). Grant T. 2014. “Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland”, http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Publications/Publications_2014/GrantThornton_.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2017).
  • GİB. 2010. “1 Seri Nolu Transfer Fiyatlandırması Yoluyla Örtülü Kazanç Dağıtımı Hakkında Rehber”, Yayın no: 114, Kasım 2010.
  • Guardian. 2016. “Mossack Fonseca: inside the firm that helps the super-rich hide their money”, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/08/mossack-fonseca-law-firm-hide-moneypanama-papers (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).
  • Güzel S. ve I. Çetin. 2016. “Global Economic Crisis and Effectiveness of Public Spending: The EU Practice”, Journal of Life Economics.
  • Hines, J. R. Ve E.M. Rice. 1994. “Fiscal paradise: Foreign tax havens and American business”,The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(1).
  • Hong, Q. ve M. Smart. 2010. “In praise of tax havens: International tax planning and foreign direct investment”, European Economic Review, 54(1).
  • Irish, C.R. 1974. “International Double Taxation Agreements and Income Taxation at Source”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 23(02).
  • Mintz, J. ve M. Smart. 2004. “Income shifting, investment, and tax competition: theory and evidence from provincial taxation in Canada”, Journal of public Economics, 88(6).
  • Nar, M. 2015. “Vergi Planlaması aracı olarak AR-GE Harcamaları”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(37).
  • OECD. 1998.“Harmful Tax Competition: An Emerging Global Issue” https://www.oecd.org/tax/transparency/44430243.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).
  • OECD. 2012. OECD Model Tax Convention: Revised Proposals Concerning The Interpretation and Application of Article 5, http://www.oecd.org/ctp/treaties/PermanentEstablishment.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).
  • OECD. 2013.“Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting”, https://www.oecd.org/ctp/BEPSActionPlan.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017) .
  • OECD. (2014a). Guidance on Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intagibles, http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/guidance-on-transferpricing-aspects-of-intangibles_9789264219212-en#.WK_4AG-LSUk#page1 (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).
  • OECD. (2014b). Standart for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information in Tax Matters, https://www.oecd.org/ctp/exchange-of-tax-information/automatic-exchangefinancial-account-information-common-reporting-standard.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi:22.02.2017).
  • Offshore Shell Games. 2016. “The Use of Offshore Tax Havens by Fortune 500 Companies”, http://ctj.org/pdf/offshoreshellgames2016.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2017).
  • Okan, P., E. Oner, S. Gokten ve N. Aypek. 2007. “Tax Avoidance and the Role of the Tax in the Selection of the Legal Structure”, Proceedings of 2n International Symposium on Public Finance, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 24-27 October 2007.
  • Özkan İ ve Ş. Uslu. 2016. “Uluslararası Çifte Vergilendirme ve Mukimlik Kavramı”, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, Mayıs-Haziran 2016.
  • PWC. 2016.“UAE to implement VAT on 1 January 2018”,http://www.pwc.com/m1/en/tax/documents/2016/uae-to-implement-vat-on-1-january-2018.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).

ULUSLARARASI VERGİ PLANLAMASI: TÜRKİYE’NİN MERKEZ OLARAK KULLANILDIĞI BİR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2017, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 547 - 566, 01.06.2017

Abstract



Uluslararası vergi planlaması nedir, yasal mıdır? Söz konusu sorunun cevabını verebilmek için, bu çalışmada uluslararası vergi planlamasının kavramsal çerçevesi bir vaka üzerinden tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun için ilk olarak, yakın tarihsel gelişmeler ışığında uluslararası vergi planlamasında kullanılan araçlar, yapılar ve yöntemler irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ‘vergiden kaçınma planları’ ile ‘vergi kaçırma planları’ arasındaki farklar tartışılmıştır. Sonrasında, Hollanda mukimi bir şirketin Türkmenistan’da gerçekleştireceği inşaat işi için Türkiye’nin merkez olarak kullanıldığı bir yapılandırma üzerinden uluslararası vergi planlaması uygulaması gösterilmiştir. Önerilen uluslararası vergi planlaması yapısı, klasik yaklaşımla mukayese edildiğinde Hollanda mukimi şirketin vergi yükünde yüzde elli düzeyinde azalma sağlamıştır. Bu sonuç, tanımladığımız kavramsal çerçeve kapsamında uluslararası vergi planlamasının vergiden kaçınmak için faydalı ve kullanışlı bir yapılandırılmış finans aracı olduğu görüşünü desteklemektedir.

References

  • Bucovetsky, S. ve A. Haufler. 2008. “Tax competition when firms choose their organizational form: Should tax loopholes for multinationals be closed?”, Journal of International Economics, 74(1).
  • Desai, M. A., C.F. Foley ve J.R. Hines. 2006. “The demand for tax haven operations”, Journal of Public Economics, 90(3). Grant T. 2014. “Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland”, http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Publications/Publications_2014/GrantThornton_.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2017).
  • GİB. 2010. “1 Seri Nolu Transfer Fiyatlandırması Yoluyla Örtülü Kazanç Dağıtımı Hakkında Rehber”, Yayın no: 114, Kasım 2010.
  • Guardian. 2016. “Mossack Fonseca: inside the firm that helps the super-rich hide their money”, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/08/mossack-fonseca-law-firm-hide-moneypanama-papers (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).
  • Güzel S. ve I. Çetin. 2016. “Global Economic Crisis and Effectiveness of Public Spending: The EU Practice”, Journal of Life Economics.
  • Hines, J. R. Ve E.M. Rice. 1994. “Fiscal paradise: Foreign tax havens and American business”,The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(1).
  • Hong, Q. ve M. Smart. 2010. “In praise of tax havens: International tax planning and foreign direct investment”, European Economic Review, 54(1).
  • Irish, C.R. 1974. “International Double Taxation Agreements and Income Taxation at Source”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 23(02).
  • Mintz, J. ve M. Smart. 2004. “Income shifting, investment, and tax competition: theory and evidence from provincial taxation in Canada”, Journal of public Economics, 88(6).
  • Nar, M. 2015. “Vergi Planlaması aracı olarak AR-GE Harcamaları”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(37).
  • OECD. 1998.“Harmful Tax Competition: An Emerging Global Issue” https://www.oecd.org/tax/transparency/44430243.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).
  • OECD. 2012. OECD Model Tax Convention: Revised Proposals Concerning The Interpretation and Application of Article 5, http://www.oecd.org/ctp/treaties/PermanentEstablishment.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).
  • OECD. 2013.“Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting”, https://www.oecd.org/ctp/BEPSActionPlan.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017) .
  • OECD. (2014a). Guidance on Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intagibles, http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/guidance-on-transferpricing-aspects-of-intangibles_9789264219212-en#.WK_4AG-LSUk#page1 (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).
  • OECD. (2014b). Standart for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information in Tax Matters, https://www.oecd.org/ctp/exchange-of-tax-information/automatic-exchangefinancial-account-information-common-reporting-standard.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi:22.02.2017).
  • Offshore Shell Games. 2016. “The Use of Offshore Tax Havens by Fortune 500 Companies”, http://ctj.org/pdf/offshoreshellgames2016.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2017).
  • Okan, P., E. Oner, S. Gokten ve N. Aypek. 2007. “Tax Avoidance and the Role of the Tax in the Selection of the Legal Structure”, Proceedings of 2n International Symposium on Public Finance, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 24-27 October 2007.
  • Özkan İ ve Ş. Uslu. 2016. “Uluslararası Çifte Vergilendirme ve Mukimlik Kavramı”, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, Mayıs-Haziran 2016.
  • PWC. 2016.“UAE to implement VAT on 1 January 2018”,http://www.pwc.com/m1/en/tax/documents/2016/uae-to-implement-vat-on-1-january-2018.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2017).
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section MAIN SECTION
Authors

Soner Gökten

Çağrı Özgür Karabudak This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2017
Submission Date April 26, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gökten, S., & Karabudak, Ç. Ö. (2017). ULUSLARARASI VERGİ PLANLAMASI: TÜRKİYE’NİN MERKEZ OLARAK KULLANILDIĞI BİR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 19(2), 547-566.